> In the Single-sign-on(SSO) framework, CAS Server becomes the critical 
> component.  Its failure will result in all applications not accessible. How 
> to overcome this?

There is no recipe for a highly available (HA) CAS solution. There are
a number of considerations that you need to evaluate against your
requirements, environment, and expertise to develop a solution. We
really need to document this on the wiki, so I will provide a
thoughtful discussion here which will hopefully form the basis of a
wiki document in the near future.

- Availability of back-end authentication stores and other dependent
systems. There's no sense having a highly available CAS server if you
have a single point of failure in the underlying authentication store.
- Do you need scalability/redundancy across hosts, networks,
facilities, or geographic locations? The cost and complexity increases
from left to right in that list.
- The choice of CAS components has an effect on system architectures
to provide for availability. For example, choosing the default
in-memory ticket registry prevents an active-active CAS setup. On the
other hand, the default in-memory component is suitable for an
active-passive setup where the passive node(s) are on hot standby.
- What security/usability requirements come to bear on the solution.
For example, some environments have a requirement that a node failure
does not affect SSO session state. In that case, an active-passive
setup where there is no state sharing between nodes (e.g. in-memory
ticket storage) is not acceptable.

Many deployers have described their setups; you can search the list
archives for "HA", "available",  "redundant", and other relevant
keywords. I would imagine the Google Groups mirror [1] has the best
search interface.

M

[1] https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!forum/jasig-cas-user

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