MS adult stem-cell treatment 'success'

<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7858559.stm>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7858559.stm
 

Nerve cells in MS

MS causes damage to nerve cells

Stem-cell transplants may control and even reverse multiple sclerosis 
symptoms if done early enough, a small study has suggested.

Not one of 21 adults with relapsing-remitting MS who had stem cells 
transplanted from their own bone marrow deteriorated over three years.

And 81% improved by at least one point on a scale of neurological 
disability, The Lancet Neurology reported.

Further tests are now planned, and a UK expert called the work "encouraging".

MS is an autoimmune disease which affects about 85,000 people in the UK.

It is caused by a defect in the body's immune system, which turns in 
on itself, causing damage to the nerves which can lead to symptoms 
including blurred vision, loss of balance and paralysis.

[]

[]
  Stem cells are showing more and more potential in the treatment of 
MS and the challenge we now face is proving their effectiveness in 
trials involving large numbers of people
[]

Dr Doug Brown, MS Society

At first, the condition mostly causes intermittent symptoms that are 
partly reversible.

Over a 10-15 year period after onset, most patients develop 
secondary-progressive MS, with gradual but irreversible neurological 
impairment.

It is not the first time this treatment - known as autologous 
non-myeloablative haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation - has been 
tried in people with MS, but there has not been a great deal of success.

The researchers at Northwestern University School of Medicine in 
Chicago said most other studies had tried the transplants in people 
with secondary-progressive MS where the damage had already been done.

In the latest trial patients with earlier stage disease who, despite 
treatment had had two relapses in the past year, were offered the transplant.

Immune system

Stem cells were harvested from the patients and frozen while drugs 
were given to remove the immune cells or lymphocytes causing the damage.

The stem cells were then transplanted back to replenish the immune 
system - effectively resetting it.

Five patients in the study relapsed, but went into remission after 
receiving other therapy.

The researchers are now doing a randomised controlled trial in a 
larger number of patients to compare the treatment with standard therapy.

Study leader Professor Richard Burt said this was the first MS study 
of any treatment to show reversal of damage.

"You don't want to wait until the horse has left the barn before you 
close the barn door - you want to treat early.

"I think the reversal is the brain repairing itself.

"Once you're at the progressive stage you have exceeded the ability 
of the brain to repair itself," he said.

However, he cautioned that it was important to wait for the results 
of the larger trial.

And that he would not call it a cure but "changing the natural 
history of the disease".

Dr Doug Brown, research manager at the MS Society, said the results 
were very encouraging.

"It's exciting to see that in this trial not only is progression of 
disability halted, but damage appears to be reversed.

"Stem cells are showing more and more potential in the treatment of 
MS and the challenge we now face is proving their effectiveness in 
trials involving large numbers of people."



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