Dead Sea Scrolls validate Bible
<http://www.catholicregister.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3226&Itemid=849>http://www.catholicregister.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3226&Itemid=849
Thursday, 25 June 2009

Written by Carolyn Girard, The Catholic Register,

Dead Sea Scrolls
  TORONTO - Who ever thought the Bible could be improved? Well, as 
Hebrew Scriptures Professor Eugene Ulrich told a packed audience June 
23, it has been. And it took the unearthing of the now famous Dead 
Sea Scrolls, on display at the <http://www.rom.on.ca/>Royal Ontario 
Museum until Jan. 3, to do so.

"The Dead Sea Scrolls demonstrate that the text of the Bible was 
remarkably faithfully transmitted over the past 2,000 years. So we 
all can breathe a big sigh of relief," Ulrich said during his 
lecture, The Impact of the Dead Sea Scrolls on the Bible, one of 
fourteen presentations in a special lecture series about the scrolls 
that will feature a variety of scholars until Dec. 15.

The scrolls, a collection of 900 manuscripts found in various caves 
and other sites along the Dead Sea between 1947 and 1956, include 230 
Hebrew and Greek biblical manuscripts that are 1,000 years older than 
any previously known manuscripts. Although most are in Hebrew, texts 
written in Aramaic were also found. Ulrich, a John A. O'Brien 
Professor of Hebrew Scriptures at the University of Notre Dame and 
chief editor of the Biblical Qumran Scrolls, said the books most 
represented in the collection are the Psalms, Deuteronomy and Isaiah.

"These are the manuscripts used most frequently in the New Testament. 
It's also interesting that both the Quran and the Bible see these as 
prophetic books," he said.

Many of the scrolls are simply surviving scraps. However, the book of 
Isaiah was found in its entirety in Qumran, one of the larger 
archeological sites where scrolls were kept for millennia. Ulrich 
referred to two manuscripts, which he called Isaiah A and Isaiah B. 
Isaiah B, he said, was very close to the Masoretic Hebrew that was 
the basis for most of our Bible translations today. In the same cave, 
but more carefully stowed, was Isaiah A, the "great Isaiah scroll," he said.

"It's virtually completely preserved and you can read the entire text 
of that in the Dead Sea Scrolls Bible," Ulrich said.

Ulrich added there is a textual variant from the Masoretic text in 
every line of every column on this scroll, but in many cases are 
simply differences in spelling and grammar.

"Sometimes the traditional text is superior, but sometimes the Dead 
Sea Scrolls are superior. So the scrolls are now being used to 
improve our Bible translations," he said.

In fact, the New American Bible today contains some of these 
"superior variant readings" including the recovery of an entire paragraph.

"It's not too much to say that the 230 manuscripts of the Bible 
discovered in Qumran have revolutionized our understanding of the 
texts of the Bible of antiquity," he said

Finally, he said, the Dead Sea Scrolls are important because they are 
the oldest, most authentic data we have to establish the state of the 
biblical texts at the early origins of rabbinic Judaism and Christianity.

"The scrolls fit neatly and coherently into the picture of the 
scriptural texts and all the other ancient sources available," Ulrich said.

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