July 2, 2009, 11:17 am

Celiac Disease Becoming More Common

<http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/02/celiac-disease-becoming-more-common>http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/02/celiac-disease-becoming-more-common

By Tara Parker-Pope

Celiac disease, a serious immune system reaction to the protein in 
wheat and other grains, is far more common today than it was 50 years 
ago, a new study shows.

People who have celiac disease can't tolerate gluten, a protein found 
in wheat, rye or barley. Life with celiac is difficult because gluten 
is found in many medications and processed foods. When gluten is 
consumed, the body's immune system damages the small intestine and 
nutrients can't be absorbed.

While it's been known that the incidence of celiac is on the rise, it 
hasn't been clear whether doctors are simply looking for it more 
often, and therefore finding more cases. But new research from the 
Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., suggests that the disease is four 
times more common today than it was in the 1950s, and not just 
because doctors are more likely to test for it.

The study, 
<http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085%2809%2900523-X/abstract>published
 
in the journal Gastroenterology, analyzed blood samples collected 
from 9,133 healthy adults collected at Warren Air Force Base between 
1948 and 1954. Another 12,768 gender-matched subjects from a study in 
Olmsted County, Minn., were also analyzed for signs of celiac disease.

Of the blood samples collected 50 years ago, only 0.2 percent had 
celiac disease. In the more recent blood samples, the incidence of 
celiac disease was more than four times greater. Today, it's 
estimated that about one in 100 people have celiac disease.

Doctors don't know why celiac is on the rise. It may be due to 
changes in the way wheat is grown and processed, or the ubiquity of 
gluten in medications and processed foods. Symptoms of celiac disease 
include diarrhea, abdominal pain and weight loss. Nutritional 
problems are also common, and anemia, loss of teeth and premature 
bone loss can occur.

The trend is concerning because celiac disease is often misdiagnosed 
as irritable bowel syndrome or another condition. It's been estimated 
that for every person diagnosed with celiac disease, another 30 
people have it but haven't been diagnosed. Once diagnosed, the 
disease can be managed by eating a gluten-free diet. But when people 
don't know they have the problem and continue to eat 
gluten-containing products, the intestines become severely damaged, 
leading to long-term health problems and a higher risk of dying 
compared to people who don't have celiac.

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