“Young Cowbirds won’t you come out tonight? Come out tonight? Come out tonight.... And dance by the light of the moon.” 🎼
____________ Those who dwell among the beauties and mysteries of the earth are never alone or weary of life. Rachel Carson. > On Apr 12, 2020, at 4:47 PM, Magnus Fiskesjo <[email protected]> > wrote: > > > Thanks! Yes Indeed it seems that in the 2015 study, cowbird youngsters > (*fledglings*) were *spending the night away* from their slave parents and > then return *not* to the *nest* but to the foster parents' location -- for > more slave feeding. This scenario does make more sense, yes, so it may well > be I misremembered about the *nest* part. The *fledglings* going out on their > own would also resolve, perhaps, John Confer's points of doubt about body > temperature. > > But note, that we are not up to date, yet -- the 2015 publication was > apparently superseded by new research which expanded, to discover the > "teenager party" as reported in Living Bird, I believe some time in 2017-2019 > -- that is, about young cowbirds *not* sitting in the dark (which makes > little or no sense, to me, at least! why would they do that?), but hanging > out with young cowbird peers which would enable them to build cowbirdness. To > me it looks like this additional discovery was not yet made in 2015 -- so in > that study they mistakenly concluded that the young cowbird was sitting alone > in the dark, instead of going to his peer party. > > If I do find it again, I'll forward it. > > --If anyone on this list has a digital copy already, please post a copy. > > Many thanks again, over and out for now, > Magnus > -- > Magnus Fiskesjö, PhD > Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Cornell University > McGraw Hall, Room 201. Ithaca, NY 14853, USA > E-mail: [email protected], or: [email protected] > ________________________________________ > From: AB Clark [[email protected]] > Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2020 10:14 AM > To: Magnus Fiskesjo > Cc: John Confer; CAYUGABIRDS-L > Subject: Re: "Juvenile cowbirds sneak out at night" - RE: [cayugabirds-l] > Cowbirds > > At the risk of making this a longer-than-wanted discussion, I will briefly > answer—and then retreat! > > I just read Magnus’ report on Louder et al’s study from U Illinois and > downloaded the actual paper and here is the story. No one is leaving at 3 > am! Or flying out of a nest as a nestling. Too much fine grained > terminology is leading to misunderstandings, but it is a fascinating paper. > > SO—the question that the researchers were interested in was whether actual > biological mothers of young cowbirds were somehow leading their own > fledglings away from the Host-parents territory. The answer is NO. But the > FLEDGLINGS (juveniles that have left the nest and are flying, at about 10-20 > days old) are often leaving on their own, at dusk, to ROOST (sit in the dark) > away from their foster-parents territories, but still returning to those > territories in daytime. > > The confusions come in because they put the little radios on the cowbird > young on about the last day when they were still in their host-nests as > NESTLINGS, but the observations they report were all on FLEDGLINGS, young > that had left their nests, never to return. In Icterids, nestlings do not > leave flighted, but they can flutter and can cling and climb with strong well > developed legs. From what I remember, young cowbirds develop a little faster > than some. So maybe they fly as early as 5-6 days after fledging—I have to > check. > > But it is during the later FLEDGLING stage, out of the nests and mobile, that > they start to disappear off foster-territory in the evening. Sunset isn’t > dark, so they can still move easily; apparently motivated by whatever gets a > cowbird to become a cowbird, they often left to roost alone, during the next > 3 weeks of still being associated with foster-parents during the day. And > their non-doting cowbird mothers don’t have anything to do with it, because > they were also being tracked by radios and triangulating receiver towers, and > mom-cowbirds were not present during these movements. > > Did it bring juvenile cowbirds into contact with other cowbirds? Apparently > not, at that stage. But the “go away, young man/cowbird” urge was already > present. > > > So thanks, Magnus, for bringing our attention to this really interesting > report! (I can send it to anyone who wants to read it!) > > Anne > > Anne B Clark > 147 Hile School Rd > Freeville, NY 13068 > 607-222-0905 > [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> > > > > On Apr 11, 2020, at 10:02 PM, Magnus Fiskesjo > <[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>> wrote: > > > Thanks. Yes it's curious and hard-to-believe and I think that's why I > remember so clearly reading about this in the Lab of O's Living Bird member's > magazine, but as I said, can't find that article online--perhaps it is only > in their printed version which I must have read 2017 or later. AllAboutBird > account is much earlier, 2009, and does not bring up what must be some NEW > research ( > https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/if-brown-headed-cowbirds-are-reared-by-other-species-how-do-they-know-they-are-cowbirds-when-they-grow-up/ > ). > > Regardless, just now a friend sent me this 2015 report below, which mentions > the SAME strange observations that I believe I read in Living Bird -- with > minor differences: this report mentions chicks as nightly departing foster > nests after sunset, not 3am, BUT returning only at dawn; also, it says the > nightly escape is solitary, NOT to congregate with other young cowbirds in a > 'teenager party' as I remember from Living Bird (which also said that the > field congregation was only revealed to Science after new tracking that was > launched only once researchers had found that the cowbird chick they > monitored was missing from its nest at night! So, maybe the 'teenager party' > was only found out after simultaneously tracking several youngsters?) > > Anyhow, here goes: > > https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/11/151102152607.htm > > Science News > > Juvenile cowbirds sneak out at night > Date: November 2, 2015 > Source: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign > > A new study explores how a young cowbird, left as an egg in the nest of a > different species, grows up to know it's a cowbird and not a warbler, thrush > or sparrow. > > The study, published in Animal Behaviour, reveals that cowbird juveniles > leave the host parents at dusk and spend their nights in nearby fields, > returning just after daybreak. This behavior likely plays a role in the > cowbirds' ability to avoid imprinting on their host parents. > > "If I took a chickadee and I put it in a titmouse nest, the chickadee would > start learning the song of the titmouse and it would actually learn the > titmouse behaviors," said Matthew Louder, who conducted the study as a Ph.D. > student with Illinois Natural History Survey avian ecologist Jeff Hoover and > INHS biological surveys coordinator Wendy Schelsky. "And then, when it was > old enough, the chickadee would prefer to mate with the titmouse, which would > be an evolutionary dead end," he said. > > Louder is now a postdoctoral researcher with East Carolina University in > North Carolina and Hunter College in New York. > > The imprinting process is widespread among birds and other animals, but brood > parasites like the cowbird appear to be resistant to imprinting. They will > imprint on a different species if confined with that species for an extended > period of time in a cage, but the birds don't appear to do so in the wild. > > Cowbird hosts, such as the prothonotary warblers in this study, have their > own habits and habitats, and seldom choose to live where the cowbirds live or > eat what they eat. Prothonotary warblers, for example, live in forests and > dine on insects and caterpillars. Cowbirds spend most of their adult lives in > open fields and prairies, and while they do eat insects, about three-quarters > of their diet consists of seeds. > > "Among other things, cowbirds have got to learn to eat like cowbirds or > they're not going to survive very long," Hoover said. > > The researchers wanted to test the hypothesis that cowbird moms are the ones > that lead their offspring out of the forest. There was some support for this > idea. A recent study from the same team found that cowbird females don't > simply abandon their eggs in another species' nest. They pay attention to > whether the young birds survive, sometimes wrecking the nests of birds that > kick the cowbird eggs out of their nests. > > The cowbird females also return to nests where young cowbirds survived to > fledging age. Cowbird females are often spotted in the vicinity of cowbird > nestlings, Schelsky said, and sometimes respond (with vocalizations, not > food) to the nestlings' begging calls. > > To track the birds in the forest and prairie, the researchers put radio > telemetry transmitters on the cowbird nestlings and on adult female cowbirds > in the forest where the host parents made their nests. The team took blood > from the birds and conducted genetic analyses to match the juveniles (and > their radio signals) to their biological mothers. > > But tracking the birds, even with the radio transmitters, was next to > impossible, Louder said. He tried for a year, but was unable to get > meaningful data. Then study co-author Michael Ward, a professor of natural > resources and environmental sciences at the University of Illinois, came up > with a new approach. > > "He helped construct an automated telemetry system," Louder said. "We put up > three radio towers, each with six antennas on it, so you have 360-degree > directional coverage. All three towers track one individual cowbird at a time > and then move to the next individual." > > With this system, Louder could track the location of each study bird every > one-to-two minutes. > > "We were able to watch the juveniles and see if they left the forest at the > same time as a female and, if so, whether that female was their mom," he said. > > "Strangely enough, the juveniles did not follow the females out of the > forest," Louder said. Instead, they left on their own, after dark, returning > only the following morning, he said. > > "I started seeing this in the data and I thought it was wrong," Louder said. > So he went to the forest and followed a single juvenile cowbird for one > night. The bird left the forest in the evening, moving to a rosebush on the > adjacent prairie. It was out there all night, alone. > > "As soon as the sun came up, the juvenile flew back into the forest and to > the warbler's territory," Louder said. "Without the automated radio > telemetry, I would have assumed that it had stayed in the forest all night." > > The discovery doesn't explain how cowbirds find their way into a cowbird > flock, where they learn most of their social and survival skills and > eventually find a mate. But it does offer some insight into the processes > that allow young cowbirds to avoid imprinting on their hosts, the researchers > said. > > "Clearly, there's a lot more to these birds than people would have thought," > Hoover said. "We still have more layers to peel away from this onion that is > the cowbird." > > > Story Source: > Materials provided by University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Original > written by Diana Yates. Note: Content may be edited for style and length. > > Journal Reference: > Matthew I.M. Louder, Michael P. Ward, Wendy M. Schelsky, Mark E. Hauber, > Jeffrey P. Hoover. Out on their own: a test of adult-assisted dispersal in > fledgling brood parasites reveals solitary departures from hosts. Animal > Behaviour, 2015; 110: 29 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.09.009 > [= > https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347215003401?via%3Dihub > ] > > Cite This Page: > University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. "Juvenile cowbirds sneak out at > night." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 2 November 2015. > <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/11/151102152607.htm>. > > > -End quote. > > --sincerely, > Magnus Fiskesjö, PhD > Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Cornell University > McGraw Hall, Room 201. Ithaca, NY 14853, USA > E-mail: [email protected], or: [email protected] > > Affiliations at Cornell University, WWW: > Anthropology Department, https://anthropology.cornell.edu/anthropology-faculty > Southeast Asia Program (SEAP), https://seap.einaudi.cornell.edu/people/faculty > East Asia Program (EAP), http://eap.einaudi.cornell.edu/people/core-faculty > CIAMS (Archaeology), https://archaeology.cornell.edu/faculty > Cornell Institute for Public Affairs (CIPA), > cipa.cornell.edu/academics/fieldfaculty.cfm > Judith Reppy Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies (PACS), > http://pacs.einaudi.cornell.edu/people/steering-committee > _________________ > ________________________________________ > From: John Confer [[email protected]] > Sent: Saturday, April 11, 2020 7:47 PM > To: Magnus Fiskesjo; CAYUGABIRDS-L > Subject: Re: [cayugabirds-l] Cowbirds > > I, also, wonder about this report. I've had to handle nestlings for research > purposes, always with fear and the most care possible. Nestlings don't stay > in nests any longer than absolutely necessary because nests are depredated by > raccoon, cat, weasel, skunk, raptors, etc. Nestlings generally can't leave > any earlier because they don't have sufficient feathers for insulation nor > muscle strength to move around. Further, since they don't thermoregulate > until just about the day they leave, they would have a hard time surviving in > the lower temperatures of night. 3 to 4 to 5 AM is usually the coldest time > of the 24 hr cycle, often 20-30-40 degrees colder than mid-day. This doesn't > makes sense to me. > > It is a pretty image. > > John > > > ________________________________ > From: [email protected] > <[email protected]> on behalf of Magnus Fiskesjo > <[email protected]> > Sent: Saturday, April 11, 2020 10:10 AM > To: AB Clark <[email protected]> > Cc: Michael H. Goldstein <[email protected]>; CAYUGABIRDS-L > <[email protected]> > Subject: RE: [cayugabirds-l] Cowbirds > > This message originated from outside the Ithaca College email system. > > > Hi, I would love to know, and I sure wish I could find that article. I > definitely recall that it said the cowbird chicks that were studied left > their nest like 3am to go to the field ("party"), and then came back to the > nest before dawn, to continue to pretend to be their slave parent's child! > > Of course later they'll not sit in the nest any more, and wander around while > being fed, I've seen that. And yes I am sure you are right about most of the > other things you noted! I maybe should not have said "teenager", -- that was > my word choice, not that of the scholars whose research was reported in that > Living Bird magazine article. I used "teenager" because the cowbird nightly > field party seemed to be a ... teenager's dance party. > > Maybe someone else knows the URL for the actual article. I can't find it, I > must have read it in print only. > > This rather memorable article also talked about other astounding discoveries > such as that the catbird is the only bird that can resist the cowbird's > trickery. Unlike other birds, it said, the catbird will expel every egg that > looks different from its first egg. So, the cowbirds can only outsmart it by > laying their egg in the catbirds' new nest before even mama catbird has laid > her first egg there. If it can, then the catbird will expel her own eggs, one > after the other. And if the cowbird scheme fails, it might rip up the nest > (as revenge). > > --yrs., > Magnus Fiskesjö > [email protected] > ________________________________________ > From: AB Clark [[email protected]] > Sent: Saturday, April 11, 2020 9:30 AM > To: Magnus Fiskesjo > Cc: Michael H. Goldstein; CAYUGABIRDS-L > Subject: Re: [cayugabirds-l] Cowbirds > > I wonder if there has been some mis-intepretation either in the article or by > subsequent readers. Cowbird young, like other passerines, leave the nest in > the care of parents (foster or otherwise) and live outside the nest from then > on. (OK individuals may hop outside during the day and return at night for > the day or two over which they fledge.) Care for cowbirds in the fledgling > stage lasts a similar time to their relatives, red-winged blackbirds and > other smallish icterids. They should be fed and be following or calling to > parents over the next 12-14 days, not joining older cowbirds. Teenagers > would be perhaps yearling cowbirds? It is later, in summer and fall, when > young cowbirds are independent of parents, that they flock up with other > cowbirds and blackbirds. > > I haven’t heard anything about 3 am gatherings from Meredith or her students. > Seems pretty dark for any such passerine to be moving. West and King > studied them in aviaries and it could be that researchers got up at 3 am to > set up and be there when singing started to happen. But in any case, cowbird > song learning is a fascinating situation where the basic songs are clearly > not learned from parents during late nestling or early fledgling periods, > i.e. develop “innately”, but are socially modified in a number of ways, > feedback from female cowbirds and from competing male cowbirds both. West > and King published several really nice overviews in accessible papers, > Scientific American or American Scientist, I believe. > > By the way, there is at least one video-documented report of a hatchling > cowbird behaving like cuckoos and butting host eggs out of the nest. > > > Anne B Clark > 147 Hile School Rd > Freeville, NY 13068 > 607-222-0905 > [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> > > > > On Apr 11, 2020, at 9:11 AM, Magnus Fiskesjo > <[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>> wrote: > > This morning, a male cowbird singing, at Salt Point. Never heard that before. > A very low volume series of thin crispy notes. No clucking, as in some > recordings of its song. > > The bird sat very close, on top of the little pine/fur tree at the lakeside > fork of the path to the Bluebird Path. > > It refused to leave its perch and continued singing even as I stood right > under the tree. > > Ps. the weirdest cowbird research for me was the Living Bird piece reporting > on how a cowbird knows it is a cowbird, and not a whatever other bird, > despite being raised by them as slave parents. It was discovered that the > grown chick gets up at 3am and leaves the slaving foster parents' nest, to go > hang out with other teenager cowbirds in a nearby field. Next question is, > how do hey know that they should get out of bed at 3am and go to the field > party and get to know their cowbirdness? > ps. I could not find the reference to the Living Bird magazine article where > I read this. I only find this partial account, also interesting but no > mention of the teenager party: > https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutbirds.org%2Fnews%2Fif-brown-headed-cowbirds-are-reared-by-other-species-how-do-they-know-they-are-cowbirds-when-they-grow-up%2F&data=02%7C01%7Cconfer%40ithaca.edu%7Cb0c382615f8d447374fb08d7de221e28%7Cfa1ac8f65e5448579f0b4aa422c09689%7C0%7C1%7C637222110430445371&sdata=qSkhspt%2BrENXqrmr5gv%2F5EnKw%2Fe8lssr9wjNCqZMaT0%3D&reserved=0 > > -- > Magnus Fiskesjö > [email protected] > _________________________________ > From: [email protected] > [[email protected]] on behalf of Michael H. > Goldstein [[email protected]] > Sent: Friday, April 10, 2020 8:05 PM > To: CAYUGABIRDS-L > Subject: Re: [cayugabirds-l] Cowbirds > > Cowbirds are crazier than you think…check out the research by Meredith West > and Andrew King on the role of female cowbirds (who don’t sing) in shaping > the development of juvenile males' song by using rapid wing gestures: > https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http:%2F%2Fwww.indiana.edu%2F~aviary%2FResearch%2Ffemale%2520visual%2520displays.pdf&data=02%7C01%7Cconfer%40ithaca.edu%7Cb0c382615f8d447374fb08d7de221e28%7Cfa1ac8f65e5448579f0b4aa422c09689%7C0%7C1%7C637222110430455372&sdata=XdPriXo%2BzVrVgjdFjNb3Yo%2FXS7Uj3GGF2iCnLCbniu4%3D&reserved=0 > and more generally, > https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http:%2F%2Fwww.indiana.edu%2F~aviary%2FPublications.htm&data=02%7C01%7Cconfer%40ithaca.edu%7Cb0c382615f8d447374fb08d7de221e28%7Cfa1ac8f65e5448579f0b4aa422c09689%7C0%7C0%7C637222110430455372&sdata=xtWADdPzoRH4NXGPX3EgFrRrBFRG%2FfzdG96Ucbrtmmw%3D&reserved=0 > > Cheers, > Mike > > > > On Apr 10, 2020, at 7:49 PM, Peter Saracino > <[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>> wrote: > > I was having a cup of coffee looking out the window at 3 male and 3 female > cowbirds going at the sunflower seeds. As I watched them it dawned on me that > all of them were raised by foster parents!!! > According to the Lab of O: > "the cowbird does not depend exclusively on a single host species; it has > been known to parasitize over 220 different species of North American birds". > Crazy, wild stuff. > Pete Sar > -- > Cayugabirds-L List Info: > Welcome and > Basics<https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northeastbirding.com%2FCayugabirdsWELCOME&data=02%7C01%7Cconfer%40ithaca.edu%7Cb0c382615f8d447374fb08d7de221e28%7Cfa1ac8f65e5448579f0b4aa422c09689%7C0%7C1%7C637222110430455372&sdata=YBc0zAbfcuHW45Yx%2FhymfcgRYopgrTX5HMU5zg%2FBbVg%3D&reserved=0> > Rules and > Information<https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northeastbirding.com%2FCayugabirdsRULES&data=02%7C01%7Cconfer%40ithaca.edu%7Cb0c382615f8d447374fb08d7de221e28%7Cfa1ac8f65e5448579f0b4aa422c09689%7C0%7C1%7C637222110430455372&sdata=X7cYv2R5jFMSYzlJNv9q%2BOekd4cpB2oRFAjIXXnJK6o%3D&reserved=0> > Subscribe, Configuration and > Leave<https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northeastbirding.com%2FCayugabirdsSubscribeConfigurationLeave.htm&data=02%7C01%7Cconfer%40ithaca.edu%7Cb0c382615f8d447374fb08d7de221e28%7Cfa1ac8f65e5448579f0b4aa422c09689%7C0%7C1%7C637222110430455372&sdata=OTXEy%2BMxvrLK%2FmrIIj1o1JUT%2BSL3urVy9nKmsZ1Ax1Q%3D&reserved=0> > Archives: > The Mail > Archive<https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mail-archive.com%2Fcayugabirds-l%40cornell.edu%2Fmaillist.html&data=02%7C01%7Cconfer%40ithaca.edu%7Cb0c382615f8d447374fb08d7de221e28%7Cfa1ac8f65e5448579f0b4aa422c09689%7C0%7C1%7C637222110430455372&sdata=ZLdytExR8Ou9bonGHjUJsyGxP2doQcZ37A%2FAZf8lLg8%3D&reserved=0> > Surfbirds<https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surfbirds.com%2Fbirdingmail%2FGroup%2FCayugabirds&data=02%7C01%7Cconfer%40ithaca.edu%7Cb0c382615f8d447374fb08d7de221e28%7Cfa1ac8f65e5448579f0b4aa422c09689%7C0%7C0%7C637222110430455372&sdata=AdNsZB5WT9MUfdgTZVUqvfBmk4HIfPvM%2F1cX66HjaHM%3D&reserved=0> > BirdingOnThe.Net<https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbirdingonthe.net%2Fmailinglists%2FCAYU.html&data=02%7C01%7Cconfer%40ithaca.edu%7Cb0c382615f8d447374fb08d7de221e28%7Cfa1ac8f65e5448579f0b4aa422c09689%7C0%7C1%7C637222110430455372&sdata=XIBFK84URmGy2dU%2BZm9mKQ1%2Fu9iM1o2NnhF6VkpVy0w%3D&reserved=0> > Please submit your observations to > eBird<https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Febird.org%2Fcontent%2Febird%2F&data=02%7C01%7Cconfer%40ithaca.edu%7Cb0c382615f8d447374fb08d7de221e28%7Cfa1ac8f65e5448579f0b4aa422c09689%7C0%7C1%7C637222110430455372&sdata=ZTwmUkGnF%2F0S0AtZ%2FqtFYoHFPUa82bPdgsYQJ%2BKNYAM%3D&reserved=0>! > -- > > _______________________________________________________________ > Michael H. Goldstein > Associate Professor > Director, Eleanor J. Gibson Laboratory of Developmental Psychology > Director, College Scholar Program > Department of Psychology, Cornell University > 270 Uris Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 > > Office 607-793-0537; Lab 607-254-BABY; Fax 607-255-8433 > https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpsychology.cornell.edu%2Fmichael-h-goldstein&data=02%7C01%7Cconfer%40ithaca.edu%7Cb0c382615f8d447374fb08d7de221e28%7Cfa1ac8f65e5448579f0b4aa422c09689%7C0%7C1%7C637222110430465361&sdata=FcDZVTAmO73WoqYIpbdXJl6O0Se5octI6s5u11JR36U%3D&reserved=0 > > Cornell B.A.B.Y. Lab: > https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbabylab.cornell.edu%2F&data=02%7C01%7Cconfer%40ithaca.edu%7Cb0c382615f8d447374fb08d7de221e28%7Cfa1ac8f65e5448579f0b4aa422c09689%7C0%7C1%7C637222110430465361&sdata=vIZ47icegHm8GCz3laXN7ZU%2F8YoQISyw3mFVwRkPBII%3D&reserved=0 > _______________________________________________________________ > > -- > Cayugabirds-L List Info: > https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northeastbirding.com%2FCayugabirdsWELCOME&data=02%7C01%7Cconfer%40ithaca.edu%7Cb0c382615f8d447374fb08d7de221e28%7Cfa1ac8f65e5448579f0b4aa422c09689%7C0%7C1%7C637222110430465361&sdata=Vrr3Q6YkFDRF%2BZbO4GQdFwzf10oauPIOLouKBoqhTVM%3D&reserved=0 > https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northeastbirding.com%2FCayugabirdsRULES&data=02%7C01%7Cconfer%40ithaca.edu%7Cb0c382615f8d447374fb08d7de221e28%7Cfa1ac8f65e5448579f0b4aa422c09689%7C0%7C1%7C637222110430465361&sdata=1%2FOBwtxoYlD7jndECxGkatyImEucbLde85svRsAk2x8%3D&reserved=0 > https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northeastbirding.com%2FCayugabirdsSubscribeConfigurationLeave.htm&data=02%7C01%7Cconfer%40ithaca.edu%7Cb0c382615f8d447374fb08d7de221e28%7Cfa1ac8f65e5448579f0b4aa422c09689%7C0%7C1%7C637222110430475364&sdata=KjtFuczE%2FnlyZQW4OC3Wg8z7CZFIgcB9UN1FIHD30cc%3D&reserved=0 > > ARCHIVES: > 1) > https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mail-archive.com%2Fcayugabirds-l%40cornell.edu%2Fmaillist.html&data=02%7C01%7Cconfer%40ithaca.edu%7Cb0c382615f8d447374fb08d7de221e28%7Cfa1ac8f65e5448579f0b4aa422c09689%7C0%7C1%7C637222110430475364&sdata=q1ajrBkWdOupSmcJy9DoAmEYRuFOCqNfBIsFJvFVGrI%3D&reserved=0 > 2) > https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surfbirds.com%2Fbirdingmail%2FGroup%2FCayugabirds&data=02%7C01%7Cconfer%40ithaca.edu%7Cb0c382615f8d447374fb08d7de221e28%7Cfa1ac8f65e5448579f0b4aa422c09689%7C0%7C0%7C637222110430475364&sdata=A%2FQu1cWlniXLSdgrFO7a%2BGdqBLnjlOVBoofPLkbeM2Q%3D&reserved=0 > 3) > https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbirdingonthe.net%2Fmailinglists%2FCAYU.html&data=02%7C01%7Cconfer%40ithaca.edu%7Cb0c382615f8d447374fb08d7de221e28%7Cfa1ac8f65e5448579f0b4aa422c09689%7C0%7C1%7C637222110430475364&sdata=8eLwsV1Zxio9oe3%2BO2e7iQ6Tm0HnxlFo0veKB7ZcgKI%3D&reserved=0 > > Please submit your observations to eBird: > https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Febird.org%2Fcontent%2Febird%2F&data=02%7C01%7Cconfer%40ithaca.edu%7Cb0c382615f8d447374fb08d7de221e28%7Cfa1ac8f65e5448579f0b4aa422c09689%7C0%7C1%7C637222110430475364&sdata=Ny8L%2F7xCBv9wuKkbqGQMYz8GButx78WZCeft6yyXd%2F8%3D&reserved=0 > > -- > > -- > > Cayugabirds-L List Info: > http://www.NortheastBirding.com/CayugabirdsWELCOME > http://www.NortheastBirding.com/CayugabirdsRULES > http://www.NortheastBirding.com/CayugabirdsSubscribeConfigurationLeave.htm > > ARCHIVES: > 1) http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/maillist.html > 2) http://www.surfbirds.com/birdingmail/Group/Cayugabirds > 3) http://birdingonthe.net/mailinglists/CAYU.html > > Please submit your observations to eBird: > http://ebird.org/content/ebird/ > > -- > > > > -- > > Cayugabirds-L List Info: > http://www.NortheastBirding.com/CayugabirdsWELCOME > http://www.NortheastBirding.com/CayugabirdsRULES > http://www.NortheastBirding.com/CayugabirdsSubscribeConfigurationLeave.htm > > ARCHIVES: > 1) http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/maillist.html > 2) http://www.surfbirds.com/birdingmail/Group/Cayugabirds > 3) http://birdingonthe.net/mailinglists/CAYU.html > > Please submit your observations to eBird: > http://ebird.org/content/ebird/ > > -- > -- Cayugabirds-L List Info: http://www.NortheastBirding.com/CayugabirdsWELCOME http://www.NortheastBirding.com/CayugabirdsRULES http://www.NortheastBirding.com/CayugabirdsSubscribeConfigurationLeave.htm ARCHIVES: 1) http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/maillist.html 2) http://www.surfbirds.com/birdingmail/Group/Cayugabirds 3) http://birdingonthe.net/mailinglists/CAYU.html Please submit your observations to eBird: http://ebird.org/content/ebird/ --
