Bye everyone. Can get this elsewhere. On Jun 11, 2023, at 4:00 PM, Karen <confergoldw...@aol.com<mailto:confergoldw...@aol.com>> wrote:
Aw. Come on. If you are going to carry out a prolonged discussion on this theme, at least you could get the definition of the main terms correct. Ecology is a science that tries to objectively describe the natural world, and derive predictions about objectively measured interactions. Conservation is a value-laden effort to protect one ecological interaction. They are not in conflict. FYI Human death rates <1686510741334blob.jpg> Estimated bird mortality by cause. "There's no standardized way of doing it that everyone can agree to," says Garry George, renewable energy director for Audubon California – but when it comes to bird kills by the electricity industry, here's the approximate pecking order: Solar: Anywhere from about 1,000 birds a year, according to BrightSource, to 28,000 birds a year, according to an expert at the Center for Biological Diversity. Wind: Between 140,000 and 328,000 birds a year in the contiguous United States, according to a December 2013 study <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320713003522> published in the journal Biological Conservation. Taller turbines tend to take out more birds. Oil and Gas: An estimated 500,000 to 1 million birds a year are killed in oil fields, the Bureau of Land Management<http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/info/regulations/Instruction_Memos_and_Bulletins/national_instruction/2013/IM_2013-033.html> said in a December 2012 memo. Coal: Huge numbers of birds, roughly 7.9 million, may be killed by coal, according to analysis <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148112000857> by Benjamin K. Sovacool, director of the Danish Center for Energy Technologies. His estimate, however, included everything from mining to production and climate change, which together amounted to about five birds per gigawatt-hour of energy generated by coal. Nuclear: About 330,000 birds, by Sovacool’s calculations<http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148112000857>. Power Lines: Between 12 and 64 million birds a year are felled by transmission lines, according to a study <http://www.plosone.org/article/authors/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0101565> published July 3 in the journal PLOS ONE. All told, felines kill 1.4 to 3.7 billionbirds a year. -- Cayugabirds-L List Info: Welcome and Basics<http://www.northeastbirding.com/CayugabirdsWELCOME> Rules and Information<http://www.northeastbirding.com/CayugabirdsRULES> Subscribe, Configuration and Leave<http://www.northeastbirding.com/CayugabirdsSubscribeConfigurationLeave.htm> Archives: The Mail Archive<http://www.mail-archive.com/cayugabirds-l@cornell.edu/maillist.html> Surfbirds<http://www.surfbirds.com/birdingmail/Group/Cayugabirds> BirdingOnThe.Net<http://birdingonthe.net/mailinglists/CAYU.html> Please submit your observations to eBird<http://ebird.org/content/ebird/>! -- <1686510741334blob.jpg> -- Cayugabirds-L List Info: http://www.NortheastBirding.com/CayugabirdsWELCOME http://www.NortheastBirding.com/CayugabirdsRULES http://www.NortheastBirding.com/CayugabirdsSubscribeConfigurationLeave.htm ARCHIVES: 1) http://www.mail-archive.com/cayugabirds-l@cornell.edu/maillist.html 2) http://www.surfbirds.com/birdingmail/Group/Cayugabirds 3) http://birdingonthe.net/mailinglists/CAYU.html Please submit your observations to eBird: http://ebird.org/content/ebird/ --
