Dear all,
and especially all of you involved in the development of refinement programs, in low resolution refinement we always include structural information we actually do not "see" in the electron density (side chains, riding hydrogens) since we know that these atoms are there. But what about water molecules? The inner shell water molecules are often tightly bound and reside on conserved positions. I made a simple test and repeated a couple of refinement runs (refmac using the high res structure as ref model) with or without water molecules. Indeed most water molecules stay almost at the same position and R factors using an input file with water molecules are significantly lower.

Shall we use such information in the future in low resolution refinement?

And if we decide to do so, are there already good tools to evaluate and find conserved water positions maybe even by comparison of closely related structures?

Best regards,
Guenter

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