Obviously no refined parameters can ever be completely error-free, it's
just that for the co-ordinates we have very accurate geometric restraints
so that the relative uncertainty in the refined co-ordinates is small (but
try refining co-ordinates without restraints!).  For the B factors we don't
have accurate estimates (if any) for their restraints so their relative
uncertainty after refinement is much greater.

-- Ian


On Tue, Jul 30, 2024 at 6:57 PM Oganesyan, Vaheh <
[email protected]> wrote:

> Yes, it is and I like the definition of shared “trash bin”. It will have
> more physical meaning if we can separate those contributions into separate
> bins.
>
>
>
> Vaheh
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> *From:* Pavel Afonine <[email protected]>
> *Sent:* Tuesday, July 30, 2024 1:51 PM
> *To:* Oganesyan, Vaheh <[email protected]>
> *Cc:* [email protected]
> *Subject:* Re: [ccp4bb] How high a B factor is too high to assume a loop
> is in place, in the AlphaFold era?
>
>
>
> Vaheh,
>
> I think coordinates are no different from B factors, occupancies, f', or
> f'' in this respect. Coordinates can play their "trash bin" role by
> adjusting to the noise at the expense of violated geometry (bonds, angles,
> planes, torsions, etc.). As I mentioned in my previous email, their trash
> bin capacity is much smaller (but definitely not zero!) because the number
> and strength (confidence) of geometry restraints are much greater than
> those of ADP restraints.
>
> I agree that all refined parameters share this trash bin capacity, but to
> varying degrees. Isn't this essentially what we call the error on the
> refined parameter? All refined parameters have their error bars, which we
> have referred to as the "trash bin" in this thread.
>
> Pavel
>
>
>
> On Tue, Jul 30, 2024 at 10:09 AM Oganesyan, Vaheh <
> [email protected]> wrote:
>
> Your point is taken, Pavel. However, despite resolution, you define
> coordinate of the atom as a geometric point with no width. Although
> coordinates are “refineable”, they have no capacity for “trash”. Their
> “trash” still goes into B-factor “trash bin”. At least this is how I see it.
>
>
>
> Thank you.
>
>
>
> *Vaheh Oganesyan, Ph.D.*
>
> *R&D **| Biologics Engineering*
>
> One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
>
> T:  301-398-5851
>
> *[email protected] <[email protected]>*
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> *From:* Pavel Afonine <[email protected]>
> *Sent:* Tuesday, July 30, 2024 11:45 AM
> *To:* Oganesyan, Vaheh <[email protected]>
> *Cc:* [email protected]
> *Subject:* Re: [ccp4bb] How high a B factor is too high to assume a loop
> is in place, in the AlphaFold era?
>
>
>
> From this perspective, all refinable atomic model parameters can be viewed
> as trash bins, with the size of these bins being proportional to the amount
> of prior information (restraints) imposed on these parameters. For example,
> coordinates have the most restraints and thus are the smallest trash bins,
> while B factors have the least restraints and thus are one of the largest
> bins.
>
> Pavel
>
>
>
>
>
> On Tue, Jul 30, 2024 at 8:25 AM Oganesyan, Vaheh <
> [email protected]> wrote:
>
> Early in my Crystallography life I was postdoc with Robert Huber in
> Munich. We had those gatherings once a week when in very informal way we
> can ask and answer questions. I remember my question about B factors: how
> is it possible to have high resolution structure and average B-factor of
> 100A2. I think it was Robert or Albrecht Messerschmidt who told that
> B-factor is a “trash can” that describes not only loosely positioned atoms
> but also all other problems that either you created during processing,
> harvesting or crystal had from the beginning.
>
>
>
> *Vaheh Oganesyan, Ph.D.*
>
> *R&D **| Biologics Engineering*
>
> One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
>
> T:  301-398-5851
>
> *[email protected] <[email protected]>*
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> *From:* CCP4 bulletin board <[email protected]> *On Behalf Of *James
> Holton
> *Sent:* Tuesday, July 30, 2024 10:35 AM
> *To:* [email protected]
> *Subject:* Re: [ccp4bb] How high a B factor is too high to assume a loop
> is in place, in the AlphaFold era?
>
>
>
> How high B factors can go depends on the refinement program you are
> using.
>
> In fact, my impression is that the division between the "let the B factors
> blow up" and "delete the unseen" camps is correlated to their preferred
> refinement program. You see, phenix.refine is relatively aggressive with B
> factor refinement, and will allow "missing" atoms to attain very high B
> factors. Refmac, on the other hand, has restraints that try to make B
> factor distributions look like those found in the PDB, and so tends to keep
> nearby B factors similar. As a result, you may get "red density" for
> disordered regions from refmac, inviting you to delete the offending atoms,
> but not from phenix, which will raise the B factor until the density fits.
>
> Then there are programs like VagaBond that don't formally have B factors,
> but rather let an ensemble of chains spread out in the loopy regions you
> are concerned about.  This might be the way to go?
>
> You can also do ensemble refinement in the latest Amber.  That is, you run
> an MD simulation of a unit cell (or more) and gradually increase structure
> factor restraints. This would probably result in the "fan" of loops you
> have in mind?
>
> -James Holton
> MAD Scientist
>
> On 7/28/2024 8:13 AM, Javier Gonzalez wrote:
>
> Dear CCP4bb,
>
>
>
> I'm refining the ~3A crystal structure of a big protein, largely composed
> of alpha helices connected by poorly-resolved loops.
>
> In the old pre-AlphaFold (AF) days I used to simply remove those
> loops/regions with too high B factors, because there was little to none
> density at 1 sigma in a 2Fo-Fc map.
>
> However, considering that the quality of a readily-computable AF model is
> comparable to a 3A experimental structure, and that the UniProt database is
> flooded with noodle-like AF models, I was considering depositing a combined
> model in the PDB.
>
> Once R/Rfree reach a minimum for the model truncated in poorly resolved
> loops, I would calculate an augmented model with AF calculated missing
> regions (provided they have an acceptable pLDDT value), assign them zero
> occupancy, and run only one cycle of refinement to calculate the formal
> refinement statistics.
>
> Would that be acceptable? Has anyone tried a similar approach?
>
> I'd rather do that instead of depositing a counterintuitive model with
> truncated regions that few people would find useful!!
>
>
>
> Thank you for your comments,
>
>
>
> Javier
>
>
> --
>
> Dr. Javier M. González
> Instituto de Bionanotecnología del NOA (INBIONATEC-CONICET)
> Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE)
> RN9, Km 1125. Villa El Zanjón. (G4206XCP)
> Santiago del Estero. Argentina
>
> Tel: +54-(0385)-4238352
>
> Email <[email protected]> Twitter <https://twitter.com/_biojmg>
>
>
>
>
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