On 23/11/17 18:39, Andrew W wrote:
Im trying to learn how to create RPMs but am a little confused by the
spec file.
OK.
I don't see a reply that answer your questions directly, so here I go...
Im trying to package up some Python scripts, rather than binary files,
and I want them to be installed in a subdirectory under /usr/local
which I shall refer to as /usr/local/X
Ive put the scripts in a tarball under /home/me/X/RPM/SOURCES
Is this /home/me/RPM your rpm topdir? On my setup, sources should go in
$HOME/rpmbuild/SOURCES (see below.)
but Im getting terribly confused over what to put in the %build
%install and %files sections
Build is building - compiling if you are using a "compiled language".
Install should put everything on the directory where you want the final
rpm to install it - but prefixed by the "build root" (i.e. your
$RPM_BUILD_ROOT discussed below.)
Files is a list of files to include in the package. It should match what
you install to the build root. If you list a directory, all its files
are recursively
included, unless you put "%dir" in front of it.
If I set $RPM_BUILD_ROOT to /home/me/X/RPM/temp then put
How so you set this up? In the environment?
Usually, you include something like BuildRoot: /home/me/X/RPM/temp in
the spec file, and "rpmbuild" sets up the variable for you during build.
You can also use %{buildroot}. See
https://www.redhat.com/archives/rpm-list/2002-July/msg00110.html. These
days you generally get a usable build root without specifying anything.
"%{...}" represents the expansion of a so-called rpm macro - it's the
rpm macro equivalent to the shell's "${...}". rpmbuild defines a number
of macros for you automatically and/or reads in definitions from config
files; more on that below.
%prep
%setup -q
that will unpack the tarball, yes?, but where to, /home/me/X/RPM/temp ?
No. It will unpack to a directory specified by the rpm configuration. On
my system (CentOS 6), the default is $HOME/rpmbuild. The configuration
takes the form of an rpm macro, which is defined in /usr/lib/rpm/macros
or /etc/rpm/macros. Look for _builddir and also _topdir in these files.
(There may also be a user-specific location where you can configure
this. I forget, as I'm generally OK with the defaults.)
You should probably replace "setup -q" with just "setup", as the unpack
command will then tell you more.
how would I then tell it to move the files I want from there into
/usr/local/X and set appropriate permissions on them? The examples
online all assume you have a makefile with a make install target,
could I simply use the cp command under the %install section?
Yes. You can put any shell command there. You should just copy the files
to your install location "under the build root", i.e. for instance
%{buildroot}/usr/local/X a.k.a. ${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}/usr/local/X.
There are also macros that contain various standard commands, so you can
for instance write "%{__cp}" instead of "cp". This is supposed to make
the spec file more portable. Have a look /usr/lib/rpm/macros*.
I wouldn't install on /usr/local, by the way (like some others who've
responded.) Personally, I reckon /usr should be OK when using the
"native" package manager, but some people argue that /opt is more
proper. I'd use macros for this, too, anyhow. See _prefix, _bindir,
_libdir etc. in the above mentioned files.
But where am I copying from and to?
You copy from the current directory, where you'll find your tarball
contents - rpmbuild automatically changes to the appropriate location.
For the "to" part, see above.
You should probably make sure the tarball has a toplevel directory of
the form <name>-<version>, by the way. But see
http://ftp.rpm.org/max-rpm/s1-rpm-specref-macros.html.
My brain is tied in knots!
Better?
- Toralf
Many thanks
Andrew
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