Jonathan Gregory <[email protected]> wrote on the issue of "downward" 
and "upward" as separate standard names vs indicated by an attribute:
> If it was a separate attribute, it could be omitted, and probably sometimes
> would be (even if that was an error).

I second that, and I have seen it happen with other attributes many times (or 
often "units" is just misspelled as "unit").


> I expect you, like me, have experienced frustrations with analysing
> datasets where the quantities are described but their sign conventions
> not stated. With CF standard_names this problem cannot arise.

I think one of the "roles" a standard may play is to make such choices "once 
and for all". So terms like "eastward_" and "downward_" as part of the semantic 
definition of what the meaning of the variables are is very good. This 
simplifies the task for anyone trying to implement a reader software for the 
data.


> It imposes a small cost by increasing the number of standard_names that
> have to be defined, but it's very easy to agree such pairs of standard_names,

If I could have a say on this, I would prefer that the standard chooses just 
one. Having the possibility of a dual set of names only serves the purpose of 
complicating implementation of anything trying to parse the data. Flipping the 
sign of a value is a trivial task, both for the writer and reader, so doing 
that to satisfy a "simpler standard" is IMHO likely to be a cheaper option than 
dealing with the increased namespace. This generally would not cause any 
precision issues with the values being stored either.

Considering software costs related to implementation complexity or performance, 
I would guess the most relevant is the annoyance of possibly considering 
alternative inputs on the reader side, which again carries the slightly 
increased risk of introducing bugs. Performance-wise only the cost of flipping 
the sign of every value is imposed, and if we are unlucky both the "writer" and 
"reader" need to do that. However, I expect that to be a very cheap operation 
on most modern processors, so is probably negligible compared to the rest of 
the NetCDF-related processing. Observing that a reader generally has to do 
decompressions, scaling and type conversion, and probably unit conversions to 
whatever it wants internally, then the consequence of the "wrong" sign is 
already dealt with, and any FIXED choice imposed by the standard carries no 
extra cost at all. To be fair, if one really insists on one's own preferred 
sign convention... I suspect the sign could even be "flipped" by just in
 troducing a "-1" into the "units" attribute, right?


Regards,

-+-Ben-+-
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