The association of X and Y with latitude and longitude is a complicated and 
difficult topic. Here's a good article about the issue.

https://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Axis_Order_Confusion

Here's a summary and recap as I see it.

Geodesy uses a left-hand mathematical coordinate system so that the 
lat,lon,height coordinate tuple order is X,Y,Z. This causes mental distress for 
many in other disciplines, so they say the mathematical coordinate system is 
right-handed and the coordinate tuple order is Y,X,Z.

CF has followed the latter convention for latitude and longitude in terms of 
the association of the names X, Y, and Z with coordinates. Since we don't, in 
general, compose coordinate tuples in CF usage, we avoid part of the problem.

OGC WKT specifies the order of coordinates in a CRS but doesn't assign X, Y, Z 
labels. It also allows each coordinate to specify positive direction. The 
handedness of the mathematical coordinate system is determined by inspection of 
order and positive direction.

CF doesn't specify anything about the order or positive direction of 
coordinates in our **`grid_mapping`** specifications. We leave the user to 
determine the correct composition of coordinate tuples for use in CRS 
transformations.

Full automation of CRS transformations using a WKT CRS string is not possible 
because there are too many unknowns. In practical terms, some combination of 
the axis attribute and standard_name attribute values is sufficient to automate 
most cases.

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