> How are the wind components oriented along non-physical axes?

Depends on the definition of a physical axis ... . The physical meaning depends 
on the values of  `x(i,j)` and `y(i,j)`.

* The wind flows along the grid points defined by `x(i,j)` and `y(i,j)`. `x` 
and `y` span up an arbitrary grid.
* `x_wind(i=a, j=b)` points from `(x(i=a, j=b), y(i=a, j=b))` to `(x(i=a+1, 
j=b), y(i=a+1, j=b))`.
* `y_wind(i=a, j=b)` points from `(x(i=a, j=b), y(i=a, j=b))` to `(x(i=a, 
j=b+1), y(i=a, j=b+1))`.

A special case would we:

If `x(i, j) = x0(i) for all i in {1, ..., I} and all j in {1, ... J}` (where we 
start counting with 1; where `I` and `J` are the sizes of dimensions `i` and 
`j`, respectively), if `y(i, j) = y0(j) for all [... as above ...]` and if 
`inverse_projection(x0(i), y0(j)) = (lon(i), lat(j)) with lon(i+1) > lon(i) and 
lat(j+1) > lat(j) for all [... as above ... except some special treatment for 
i=I and j=J]`, then `x_wind` would be `eastward_wind` and `y_wind` would be 
`northward_wind`. 

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