I am trying to find an in-depth guide to pings. I notice with my sniffer that when I issue a ping from my laptop that there are three requests for each reply. Is this normal? Also I want to learn more about the TTL field. Do routers really only decrement it by one as the packet passes through? I just have a few questions about the nuts and bolts of this and probably traceroute also, stuff that isn't in the normal books. I have read the RFC and what I want is not there. I have also looked around CCO quite a bit, and haven't found anything, not that this means that the info is not there. If anyone knows of a good book or on-line source, I would appreciate it. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=13107&t=13107 -------------------------------------------------- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]

