Kenny Smith wrote: > > Hi.. May I know what is difference between sh process and sh > memory? My > vendor told me my router is short of memory due to high usage.
You better ask your vendor to explain this. The term "high usage" usually refers to CPU usage, not memory usage. Also, there are many kinds of memory on the router. Which kind are you short of? > Then I tried > to use sh memory and sh process to check it. Which one is > correct. Why sh > memory show that memory usage is quite high but sh process show > that the CPU > utilization is so low 0%-1%. What will make the CPU > utilisation high? A router is just a computer, as you know. Think about when you shop for a computer. You could easily make the mistake of buying a computer with the latest GHz Pentium chip, but still have problems because you only bought 16 MB of memory. Same thing with a router. To see what processor your router is using, use the "show version" command. The "show processes" command shows you CPU utillization and which tasks are using most of the CPU's power. In your case, it seems that your router is not heavily used and that's a good thing. Heavy usage occurs with heavy traffic and sometimes with misconfigurations or with hacker attacks. Despite having an underloaded CPU, your router could still be having problems if it's short of memory. There are many kinds of memory. On most routers, Nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM) is used for the startup-config. Use the "show startup-config" to see how much memory you have for that and how much is in use. This is usually not an area of concern. The "show version" command also shows you how much NVRAM you have. Flash gets used for the IOS itself on most routers. You would have a serious problem if the IOS coudln't fit into flash, and that does happen sometimes. Use the "show flash" command to see how many bytes are in use in flash, how many are available, and the filename of your IOS. The "show version" command also shows you how much flash memory you have. The other kind of memory is RAM. Just like an ordinary computer has RAM that is used for working storage, so does the router. On most routers, the IOS gets moved from flash to RAM when you boot. RAM is also used for the runing config, routing tables, working storage for handling incoming and outgoing packets, etc. You can see how much RAM you have with the "show version" command. It's near the top, after the type of CPU. Although you would think that "show memory" would be a good command to see statistics about RAM usage, it's actually a pretty awful command with output that few people understand. Instead, try the "show processes memory" command. It shows you which processes are using memory on the router. Its most useful statistic, though, is at the top where it shows you total, used, and free memory. > > RT02#sh memory > Head Total(b) Used(b) Free(b) > Lowest(b) > Largest(b) > Processor 808772E8 3706136 2806352 899784 > 843040 > 867348 > I/O C00000 4194304 1803224 2391080 > 2371084 > 2375868 The "show memory" command has some useful information if you have a good TAC engineer helping you decode it. Otherwise it's pretty useless. It attempts to show you how the buffers (pools) are being used. Some of the buffers are for the processor itself, but don't confuse this statistic with processor utilization as seen in "show processes." There's some semi-useful info on "show memory" at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios120/12cgcr/fun_r/frprt3/frtroubl.htm#xtocid2839044 If you have the output of a "show memory summary" command from your router, you can use the Output Interpreter to display potential issues and fixes. To use Output Interpreter, you must be a registered user, be logged in, and have JavaScript enabled. _______________________________ Priscilla Oppenheimer www.troubleshootingnetworks.com www.priscilla.com > > JKT02#sh process > CPU utilization for five seconds: 1%/0%; one minute: 0%; five > minutes: 0% > PID QTy PC Runtime (ms) Invoked uSecs Stacks TTY > Process > 1 Csp 8013F314 0 3365 0 2644/3000 0 > Load Meter > 2 ME 804079B0 936 4291 218 8296/9000 0 > OSPF Hello > 3 Lst 80128A6C 14864 2282 6513 5756/6000 0 > Check heaps > > _________________________________________________________________ > Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: > http://mobile.msn.com > > Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=53730&t=53693 -------------------------------------------------- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
