Stuart Walsh wrote: > > But in the link you give below - the Studia Instrumentorium - under > 'zithern' there are illustratons of zithern that aren't citterns and > they're from before the 19th century.
Hmmm... The way I understood it "Kratzzither" and "Scheitholtzither" are modern terms for the 18th century instrument. Another place at the same site (http://www.studia-instrumentorum.de/MUSEUM/zist_def.htm) it says (after defining the cittern): " Bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts wurden in Deutschland als Zithern " ausschließlich Kastenhalslauten im oben definierten Sinne " verstanden. But you're right. Dr. Michel, who wrote both these pages, seems to contradict himself a little there. I have emailed him about it. Hopefully he'll have time to reply. Frank Nordberg http://www.musicaviva.com I think, we have to wait for Dr. Michels answer, because instinctively I would say, it was a cittern, although he could have carried that Scherrzither on his back, too, but it is important to have a specialist for the German/Austrian developement with the term "Zither". Still I don't know anyone doing research about cittern in Austria. Until today it looks like a country that NEVER used cittern at all, despite the famous one of Archduke Ferdinand by Girolamo de Virchi, Italy, 1574 in the "Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien". Does anyone know the director there? Martina Rosenberger To get on or off this list see list information at http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
