To study natural killer (NK) cell mediated antileukemic activity in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) we investigated the ability of HLA-matched and mismatched CD56+ cells to inhibit CFU-GM formation by leukemic CD34+ cells. In 14 HLA-identical donor-recipient pairs, donor CD56+ cells inhibited CML CFU-GM comparably to effectors from 14 HLA-mismatched unrelated individuals (mean inhibition 42+/-9% vs 39.5+/-7% at a 10:1 E:T ratio), suggesting that KIR incompatibility was not essential for an anti-leukemic effect. Both CD56+CD3- (NK) and CD56+CD3+(NK-T) cells inhibited CFU-GM growth of CML but not normal CD34+ cells.
 


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