I said in my earlier post about the black witch moth that larval (caterpillar) 
host plants do not occur in Colorado.  That is not exactly correct.  I 
remembered a few years ago Duane Nelson informed me a private ranch he has 
access to in Baca County has a few mesquite trees.  Yet another example of 
southern flora and fauna expanding northward.  Leaves of mesquite, along with 
Cassia trees and probably some other leguminous plants, are black witch 
caterpillar foods.  Overwintering survival of pupae, given the possibility of 
severe cold snaps, is probably a more likely limiting factor at present to 
establishment of this impressive beast in Colorado.

To legitimize this for COBIRDS, Ted Floyd asked if the young bird being fed by 
the adult male Western Tanager in my post the other day about low-elevation 
nesting at Grandview Cemetery in Fort Collins could be a cowbird.  While I have 
not seen a cowbird at Grandview in a couple years, they are stealthy and I was 
gone for two weeks in the latter half of June.  Several years ago I witnessed 
the fledging process of a cowbird raised by Ruby-crowned Kinglet parents.  The 
bird being fed by the tanager did not act or sound like the cowbird youngster 
at roughly the same stage of development.  To quote current politicians, I'll 
add, "to the best of my knowledge".  On the day of the feeding photos, the 
young bird gave a single, somewhat musical, chirp when it was hungry or 
otherwise wanted to let the parents know its location.  Two days later (July 
5th) I heard it but could not see it during a couple feedings.  At that time it 
gave a two-syllable phrase that to my ear sounded like the intro notes to the 
regular adult Western Tanager song.  I do not have a recording of any of this, 
unfortunately.  Someday I'll be a real birder.  I think it's a tanager 
fledgling, it would be interesting even if it is a cowbird, and maybe somebody, 
somewhere can solve the question once and for all from the photos.  I have 
tried two more times to see feeding, including today, without success.  Both 
parents were present today, and I think the female made a couple deliveries to 
the young bird high in a green ash.  I just couldn't get focused on the right 
tree and right part of the right tree in time to see or photograph any of the 
action.  When I finally thought I knew which tree the youngster was in, I 
waited for another delivery, camera at the ready.  Instead of adult tanagers, 
here came all five of the cemetery mowers to start doing the section right 
where I stood.  Observing the feeding of a young bird away from the nest 
requires a heavy dose of listening.  Forget that, so I left.  It should be 
mentioned that in the process of homing in on which tree harbored the young 
bird, I saw both parents aggressively go after blue jays.  Perhaps the jays are 
to blame for why only one young bird from the tanager nest made it out of the 
nest.

Dave Leatherman
Fort Collins

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