Good question, John.

>From what I can tell, most of what we know about Yellow Rail behavior and
vocalizations comes from the work of Scott Stalheim, who in the early 1970s
created a type of outdoor pen in a marsh in Minnesota so that he could
observe captive Yellow Rails under conditions that closely simulated their
natural situation. He never reported a female giving the clicking song. His
sample size wasn't huge, but it would seem that females are unlikely to
give the clicking song. In *Rallus* rails, female songs sound quite
different from male songs. Stalheim never reported any kind of female song
in Yellow Rail.

If there are two rails giving the clicking song at Monte Vista, they would
seem to be territorial males. Birds of the World says "In Michigan, males
cease calling about mid-Jul (Stenzel 1982), but in Quebec they call as late
as 25 Aug (Robert and Laporte 1993)." It will be interesting to see how
long the Colorado birds persist.

The San Luis Valley is much farther south than the species has ever been
known to breed before. It puts me in mind of the still-difficult-to-explain
phenomenon of Baird's Sparrows and even a Sprague's Pipit or two being
found singing and nesting along the Front Range in recent years. Have they
always been there and we just never noticed? Are they reclaiming their
historical range? Or is this some kind of weird southward expansion? Why
would ranges expand so far south when the general tendency of climate
change is to push ranges north?

If the rails are indeed nesting at Monte Vista, it may be their
highest-ever nesting elevation (7600 feet). The highest populations I was
previously aware of are at the Klamath Marsh NWR in Oregon, at an elevation
of about 4500 feet. Climate change is known to drive species upslope. But
upslope-and-a-thousand-miles-south? That's pretty weird.

Nathan Pieplow
Boulder

On Thu, Jul 14, 2022 at 10:50 AM [email protected] <[email protected]>
wrote:

> Does anyone know if both male and female make the clicking sounds? You can
> see where I am going with this and wondering if this mght be a breeding
> pair?
>
> John Rawinski
> Monte Vista, CO
>
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