Apologies in advance if I'm wrong on this (I haven't seen a Rough-legged in 
years), but perhaps this iNaturalist report 
<https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146305310> show a dark morph 
Rough-legged @ RM Arsenal? The same bird appears on at least one eBird 
checklist <https://ebird.org/checklist/S125815747>. It appears more 
uniformly black, without the belly-band look of the original bird. It also 
seems to have feathered legs. If so, then indeed a dark morph Rough-legged 
is around.

I'm smitten and beguiled by the variety of winter Red-tailed Hawks. (And I 
should spend more time with a field guide.) And I haven't yet forgotten my 
first encounter with a Rough-legged Hawk -- which stared me down, eating 
roadkill, only to be displaced by my lifer harrier, then a Red-tailed. A 
remarkable scene outside DIA.

- Jared Del Rosso
Centennial, CO

On Monday, January 23, 2023 at 7:36:32 PM UTC-7 [email protected] wrote:

> To take a step back, dark morph Rough-leggeds are strikingly blackish to 
> black not brown. I like this image, even though not sharp, by Judy McKeon 
> from a recent outing we had in South Park. 
>
> David Suddjian
> Ken Caryl Valley
> Littleton, CO
>
> [image: 20230105-20230105-_JCB1660.JPG]
>
> On Mon, Jan 23, 2023 at 6:48 PM [email protected] <[email protected]> 
> wrote:
>
>> Hi Ron, Krista and all. 
>>
>> I was studying the photographs and comparing it with images in Raptors of 
>> Western North America and Birds of Prey of the East by Brian K Wheeler and 
>> deciding exactly what to write, when I saw a reply from Krista, whom I 
>> agree with. 
>>
>> My wife had shown me the images this morning that you had posted. My 
>> immediate impression was that it was a Red-tailed Hawk as I could clearly 
>> see the patagial mark on the flying bird. This is pathognomonic for RTHA as 
>> no other buteo shows it.
>>
>> Doing the fall count at Dinosaur Ridge Hawk Watch in 2022 as well as 
>> conducting 3 Winter Raptor Surveys for HMANA in NY for 5 years and CO this 
>> season, I realized identifying dark morph buteos is extremely difficult in 
>> CO and I have been studying the literature to distinguish them.* What I 
>> found is that while the head, breast and belly can be dark – this does not 
>> affect the tail pattern, so this is what is recommended for use primarily 
>> for ID purposes.* The flight feathers too retain unchanged the pattern 
>> of the species.
>>
>> So if it had been a Rough-legged Hawk the tail as seen from below would 
>> have been white-based with multiple dark tail bands on a male, a single 
>> broad dark sub-terminal band on a female, and a  dusky terminal band on 
>> an immature – which we don’t see on the posted images.
>>
>> The squarish black carpal patches would show up distinctly if it were a 
>> Rough-legged Hawk, even against the darkish underwing coverts (which are 
>> not too dark) in the image of the flying bird. 
>>
>> Even a dark morph Rough-legged Hawk would have white outer lores and 
>> forehead creating a white mask. I remember Brian K. Wheeler’s talk at DFO 
>> about 4 years ago when he emphasized that Red-tailed Hawk has pale lores, 
>> that Krista mentioned.
>>
>> On a Rough-legged Hawk the bases of the primaries are dazzlingly white 
>> when seen from below.  
>>
>> An additional ID feature to age the bird – the trailing edge of the wings 
>> has a distinct black border which makes it an adult bird, so also the dark 
>> eyes.
>>
>> Excellent points by Krista especially about the feathering of the legs, 
>> which I hadn’t thought of. (Btw while the belly is a little darker on the 
>> perched image I don’t see a bellyband, nor do I see one on the flying bird 
>> where there is a shadow on the belly).
>>
>> Ajit I Antony 
>> Central Park, Colorado 
>>
>> On Monday, January 23, 2023 at 4:37:57 PM UTC-7 [email protected] 
>> wrote:
>>
>>> Ron:
>>>
>>> This is a beautiful raptor and your photos are great. However, this is a 
>>> red tailed hawk. There are patagial bars that are clear and visible (a dead 
>>> give away for a red tail), as are the gray lores and faint belly band. 
>>> Also, it lacks booted tarsi (seen, or rather- not seen- in the second 
>>> photo), nor is the tail banded as you would expect in a rough legged hawk.
>>>
>>> Regardless, beautiful bird- thanks for sharing your sighting and photos!
>>>
>>> Krista Hinman
>>> Castle Rock, CO 
>>>
>>> On Mon, Jan 23, 2023 at 2:55 AM Ron Wolf <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>
>>>> There has been a dark morph Rough-legged Hawk (RLHA) hanging out at 
>>>> Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge. I saw the bird on Sunday, 
>>>> Jan. 22, and on each of the previous two weekends. A FWS ranger said she 
>>>> has been seeing this bird regularly for the last few weeks. All of the 
>>>> sightings have occurred on the wildlife loop road along the first quarter 
>>>> mile before crossing into the bison area and along the first mile inside 
>>>> the bison area. At first glance the perched bird might appear to be a dark 
>>>> morph Red-tailed Hawk, but when it takes flight the distinction becomes 
>>>> apparent. See photos at: 
>>>>
>>>>    https://www.flickr.com/photos/rwolf/52570651028/
>>>>
>>>>    https://www.flickr.com/photos/rwolf/52570397204/
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Ron Wolf
>>>> Arvada, CO
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
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>>> www.kristahinman.com
>>>
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