http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/accumulo-website/blob/9a50bd13/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Accumulo_Shell.md ---------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Accumulo_Shell.md b/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Accumulo_Shell.md deleted file mode 100644 index e8612ce..0000000 --- a/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Accumulo_Shell.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,136 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: "User Manual: Accumulo Shell" ---- - -** Next:** [Writing Accumulo Clients][2] ** Up:** [Apache Accumulo User Manual Version 1.3][4] ** Previous:** [Accumulo Design][6] ** [Contents][8]** - -<a id="CHILD_LINKS"></a>**Subsections** - -* [Basic Administration][9] -* [Table Maintenance][10] -* [User Administration][11] - -* * * - -## <a id="Accumulo_Shell"></a> Accumulo Shell - -Accumulo provides a simple shell that can be used to examine the contents and configuration settings of tables, apply individual mutations, and change configuration settings. - -The shell can be started by the following command: - - - $ACCUMULO_HOME/bin/accumulo shell -u [username] - - -The shell will prompt for the corresponding password to the username specified and then display the following prompt: - - - Shell - Apache Accumulo Interactive Shell - - - - version 1.3 - - instance name: myinstance - - instance id: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 - - - - type 'help' for a list of available commands - - - - -## <a id="Basic_Administration"></a> Basic Administration - -The Accumulo shell can be used to create and delete tables, as well as to configure table and instance specific options. - - - root@myinstance> tables - !METADATA - - root@myinstance> createtable mytable - - root@myinstance mytable> - - root@myinstance mytable> tables - !METADATA - mytable - - root@myinstance mytable> createtable testtable - - root@myinstance testtable> - - root@myinstance junk> deletetable testtable - - root@myinstance> - - -The Shell can also be used to insert updates and scan tables. This is useful for inspecting tables. - - - root@myinstance mytable> scan - - root@myinstance mytable> insert row1 colf colq value1 - insert successful - - root@myinstance mytable> scan - row1 colf:colq [] value1 - - -## <a id="Table_Maintenance"></a> Table Maintenance - -The **compact** command instructs Accumulo to schedule a compaction of the table during which files are consolidated and deleted entries are removed. - - - root@myinstance mytable> compact -t mytable - 07 16:13:53,201 [shell.Shell] INFO : Compaction of table mytable - scheduled for 20100707161353EDT - - -The **flush** command instructs Accumulo to write all entries currently in memory for a given table to disk. - - - root@myinstance mytable> flush -t mytable - 07 16:14:19,351 [shell.Shell] INFO : Flush of table mytable - initiated... - - -## <a id="User_Administration"></a> User Administration - -The Shell can be used to add, remove, and grant privileges to users. - - - root@myinstance mytable> createuser bob - Enter new password for 'bob': ********* - Please confirm new password for 'bob': ********* - - root@myinstance mytable> authenticate bob - Enter current password for 'bob': ********* - Valid - - root@myinstance mytable> grant System.CREATE_TABLE -s -u bob - - root@myinstance mytable> user bob - Enter current password for 'bob': ********* - - bob@myinstance mytable> userpermissions - System permissions: System.CREATE_TABLE - Table permissions (!METADATA): Table.READ - Table permissions (mytable): NONE - - bob@myinstance mytable> createtable bobstable - bob@myinstance bobstable> - - bob@myinstance bobstable> user root - Enter current password for 'root': ********* - - root@myinstance bobstable> revoke System.CREATE_TABLE -s -u bob - - -* * * - -** Next:** [Writing Accumulo Clients][2] ** Up:** [Apache Accumulo User Manual Version 1.3][4] ** Previous:** [Accumulo Design][6] ** [Contents][8]** - -[2]: Writing_Accumulo_Clients.html -[4]: accumulo_user_manual.html -[6]: Accumulo_Design.html -[8]: Contents.html -[9]: Accumulo_Shell.html#Basic_Administration -[10]: Accumulo_Shell.html#Table_Maintenance -[11]: Accumulo_Shell.html#User_Administration -
http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/accumulo-website/blob/9a50bd13/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Administration.md ---------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Administration.md b/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Administration.md deleted file mode 100644 index f231617..0000000 --- a/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Administration.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,169 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: "User Manual: Administration" ---- - -** Next:** [Shell Commands][2] ** Up:** [Apache Accumulo User Manual Version 1.3][4] ** Previous:** [Security][6] ** [Contents][8]** - -<a id="CHILD_LINKS"></a>**Subsections** - -* [Hardware][9] -* [Network][10] -* [Installation][11] -* [Dependencies][12] -* [Configuration][13] -* [Initialization][14] -* [Running][15] -* [Monitoring][16] -* [Logging][17] -* [Recovery][18] - -* * * - -## <a id="Administration"></a> Administration - -## <a id="Hardware"></a> Hardware - -Because we are running essentially two or three systems simultaneously layered across the cluster: HDFS, Accumulo and MapReduce, it is typical for hardware to consist of 4 to 8 cores, and 8 to 32 GB RAM. This is so each running process can have at least one core and 2 - 4 GB each. - -One core running HDFS can typically keep 2 to 4 disks busy, so each machine may typically have as little as 2 x 300GB disks and as much as 4 x 1TB or 2TB disks. - -It is possible to do with less than this, such as with 1u servers with 2 cores and 4GB each, but in this case it is recommended to only run up to two processes per machine - i.e. DataNode and TabletServer or DataNode and MapReduce worker but not all three. The constraint here is having enough available heap space for all the processes on a machine. - -## <a id="Network"></a> Network - -Accumulo communicates via remote procedure calls over TCP/IP for both passing data and control messages. In addition, Accumulo uses HDFS clients to communicate with HDFS. To achieve good ingest and query performance, sufficient network bandwidth must be available between any two machines. - -## <a id="Installation"></a> Installation - -Choose a directory for the Accumulo installation. This directory will be referenced by the environment variable $ACCUMULO_HOME. Run the following: - - - $ tar xzf $ACCUMULO_HOME/accumulo.tar.gz - - -Repeat this step at each machine within the cluster. Usually all machines have the same $ACCUMULO_HOME. - -## <a id="Dependencies"></a> Dependencies - -Accumulo requires HDFS and ZooKeeper to be configured and running before starting. Password-less SSH should be configured between at least the Accumulo master and TabletServer machines. It is also a good idea to run Network Time Protocol (NTP) within the cluster to ensure nodes' clocks don't get too out of sync, which can cause problems with automatically timestamped data. Accumulo will remove from the set of TabletServers those machines whose times differ too much from the master's. - -## <a id="Configuration"></a> Configuration - -Accumulo is configured by editing several Shell and XML files found in $ACCUMULO_HOME/conf. The structure closely resembles Hadoop's configuration files. - -### <a id="Edit_conf/accumulo-env.sh"></a> Edit conf/accumulo-env.sh - -Accumulo needs to know where to find the software it depends on. Edit accumuloenv. sh and specify the following: - -1. Enter the location of the installation directory of Accumulo for $ACCUMULO_HOME -2. Enter your system's Java home for $JAVA_HOME -3. Enter the location of Hadoop for $HADOOP_HOME -4. Choose a location for Accumulo logs and enter it for $ACCUMULO_LOG_DIR -5. Enter the location of ZooKeeper for $ZOOKEEPER_HOME - -By default Accumulo TabletServers are set to use 1GB of memory. You may change this by altering the value of $ACCUMULO_TSERVER_OPTS. Note the syntax is that of the Java JVM command line options. This value should be less than the physical memory of the machines running TabletServers. - -There are similar options for the master's memory usage and the garbage collector process. Reduce these if they exceed the physical RAM of your hardware and increase them, within the bounds of the physical RAM, if a process fails because of insufficient memory. - -Note that you will be specifying the Java heap space in accumulo-env.sh. You should make sure that the total heap space used for the Accumulo tserver and the Hadoop DataNode and TaskTracker is less than the available memory on each slave node in the cluster. On large clusters, it is recommended that the Accumulo master, Hadoop NameNode, secondary NameNode, and Hadoop JobTracker all be run on separate machines to allow them to use more heap space. If you are running these on the same machine on a small cluster, likewise make sure their heap space settings fit within the available memory. - -### <a id="Cluster_Specification"></a> Cluster Specification - -On the machine that will serve as the Accumulo master: - -1. Write the IP address or domain name of the Accumulo Master to the -$ACCUMULO_HOME/conf/masters file. -2. Write the IP addresses or domain name of the machines that will be TabletServers in -$ACCUMULO_HOME/conf/slaves, one per line. - -Note that if using domain names rather than IP addresses, DNS must be configured properly for all machines participating in the cluster. DNS can be a confusing source of errors. - -### <a id="Accumulo_Settings"></a> Accumulo Settings - -Specify appropriate values for the following settings in -$ACCUMULO_HOME/conf/accumulo-site.xml : - - - <property> - <name>zookeeper</name> - <value>zooserver-one:2181,zooserver-two:2181</value> - <description>list of zookeeper servers</description> - </property> - <property> - <name>walog</name> - <value>/var/accumulo/walogs</value> - <description>local directory for write ahead logs</description> - </property> - - -This enables Accumulo to find ZooKeeper. Accumulo uses ZooKeeper to coordinate settings between processes and helps finalize TabletServer failure. - -Accumulo records all changes to tables to a write-ahead log before committing them to the table. The `walog' setting specifies the local directory on each machine to which write-ahead logs are written. This directory should exist on all machines acting as TabletServers. - -Some settings can be modified via the Accumulo shell and take effect immediately. However, any settings that should be persisted across system restarts must be recorded in the accumulo-site.xml file. - -### <a id="Deploy_Configuration"></a> Deploy Configuration - -Copy the masters, slaves, accumulo-env.sh, and if necessary, accumulo-site.xml from the -$ACCUMULO_HOME/conf/ directory on the master to all the machines specified in the slaves file. - -## <a id="Initialization"></a> Initialization - -Accumulo must be initialized to create the structures it uses internally to locate data across the cluster. HDFS is required to be configured and running before Accumulo can be initialized. - -Once HDFS is started, initialization can be performed by executing -$ACCUMULO_HOME/bin/accumulo init . This script will prompt for a name for this instance of Accumulo. The instance name is used to identify a set of tables and instance-specific settings. The script will then write some information into HDFS so Accumulo can start properly. - -The initialization script will prompt you to set a root password. Once Accumulo is initialized it can be started. - -## <a id="Running"></a> Running - -### <a id="Starting_Accumulo"></a> Starting Accumulo - -Make sure Hadoop is configured on all of the machines in the cluster, including access to a shared HDFS instance. Make sure HDFS and ZooKeeper are running. Make sure ZooKeeper is configured and running on at least one machine in the cluster. Start Accumulo using the bin/start-all.sh script. - -To verify that Accumulo is running, check the Status page as described under *Monitoring*. In addition, the Shell can provide some information about the status of tables via reading the !METADATA table. - -### <a id="Stopping_Accumulo"></a> Stopping Accumulo - -To shutdown cleanly, run bin/stop-all.sh and the master will orchestrate the shutdown of all the tablet servers. Shutdown waits for all minor compactions to finish, so it may take some time for particular configurations. - -## <a id="Monitoring"></a> Monitoring - -The Accumulo Master provides an interface for monitoring the status and health of Accumulo components. This interface can be accessed by pointing a web browser to -http://accumulomaster:50095/status - -## <a id="Logging"></a> Logging - -Accumulo processes each write to a set of log files. By default these are found under -$ACCUMULO/logs/. - -## <a id="Recovery"></a> Recovery - -In the event of TabletServer failure or error on shutting Accumulo down, some mutations may not have been minor compacted to HDFS properly. In this case, Accumulo will automatically reapply such mutations from the write-ahead log either when the tablets from the failed server are reassigned by the Master, in the case of a single TabletServer failure or the next time Accumulo starts, in the event of failure during shutdown. - -Recovery is performed by asking the loggers to copy their write-ahead logs into HDFS. As the logs are copied, they are also sorted, so that tablets can easily find their missing updates. The copy/sort status of each file is displayed on Accumulo monitor status page. Once the recovery is complete any tablets involved should return to an ``online" state. Until then those tablets will be unavailable to clients. - -The Accumulo client library is configured to retry failed mutations and in many cases clients will be able to continue processing after the recovery process without throwing an exception. - -Note that because Accumulo uses timestamps to order mutations, any mutations that are applied as part of the recovery process should appear to have been applied when they originally arrived at the TabletServer that failed. This makes the ordering of mutations consistent in the presence of failure. - -* * * - -** Next:** [Shell Commands][2] ** Up:** [Apache Accumulo User Manual Version 1.3][4] ** Previous:** [Security][6] ** [Contents][8]** - -[2]: Shell_Commands.html -[4]: accumulo_user_manual.html -[6]: Security.html -[8]: Contents.html -[9]: Administration.html#Hardware -[10]: Administration.html#Network -[11]: Administration.html#Installation -[12]: Administration.html#Dependencies -[13]: Administration.html#Configuration -[14]: Administration.html#Initialization -[15]: Administration.html#Running -[16]: Administration.html#Monitoring -[17]: Administration.html#Logging -[18]: Administration.html#Recovery - http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/accumulo-website/blob/9a50bd13/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Analytics.md ---------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Analytics.md b/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Analytics.md deleted file mode 100644 index ba833be..0000000 --- a/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Analytics.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,150 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: "User Manual: Analytics" ---- - -** Next:** [Security][2] ** Up:** [Apache Accumulo User Manual Version 1.3][4] ** Previous:** [High-Speed Ingest][6] ** [Contents][8]** - -<a id="CHILD_LINKS"></a>**Subsections** - -* [MapReduce][9] -* [Aggregating Iterators][10] -* [Statistical Modeling][11] - -* * * - -## <a id="Analytics"></a> Analytics - -Accumulo supports more advanced data processing than simply keeping keys sorted and performing efficient lookups. Analytics can be developed by using MapReduce and Iterators in conjunction with Accumulo tables. - -## <a id="MapReduce"></a> MapReduce - -Accumulo tables can be used as the source and destination of MapReduce jobs. To use an Accumulo table with a MapReduce job (specifically with the new Hadoop API as of version 0.20), configure the job parameters to use the AccumuloInputFormat and AccumuloOutputFormat. Accumulo specific parameters can be set via these two format classes to do the following: - -* Authenticate and provide user credentials for the input -* Restrict the scan to a range of rows -* Restrict the input to a subset of available columns - -### <a id="Mapper_and_Reducer_classes"></a> Mapper and Reducer classes - -To read from an Accumulo table create a Mapper with the following class parameterization and be sure to configure the AccumuloInputFormat. - - - class MyMapper extends Mapper<Key,Value,WritableComparable,Writable> { - public void map(Key k, Value v, Context c) { - // transform key and value data here - } - } - - -To write to an Accumulo table, create a Reducer with the following class parameterization and be sure to configure the AccumuloOutputFormat. The key emitted from the Reducer identifies the table to which the mutation is sent. This allows a single Reducer to write to more than one table if desired. A default table can be configured using the AccumuloOutputFormat, in which case the output table name does not have to be passed to the Context object within the Reducer. - - - class MyReducer extends Reducer<WritableComparable, Writable, Text, Mutation> { - - public void reduce(WritableComparable key, Iterator<Text> values, Context c) { - - Mutation m; - - // create the mutation based on input key and value - - c.write(new Text("output-table"), m); - } - } - - -The Text object passed as the output should contain the name of the table to which this mutation should be applied. The Text can be null in which case the mutation will be applied to the default table name specified in the AccumuloOutputFormat options. - -### <a id="AccumuloInputFormat_options"></a> AccumuloInputFormat options - - - Job job = new Job(getConf()); - AccumuloInputFormat.setInputInfo(job, - "user", - "passwd".getBytes(), - "table", - new Authorizations()); - - AccumuloInputFormat.setZooKeeperInstance(job, "myinstance", - "zooserver-one,zooserver-two"); - - -**Optional settings:** - -To restrict Accumulo to a set of row ranges: - - - ArrayList<Range> ranges = new ArrayList<Range>(); - // populate array list of row ranges ... - AccumuloInputFormat.setRanges(job, ranges); - - -To restrict accumulo to a list of columns: - - - ArrayList<Pair<Text,Text>> columns = new ArrayList<Pair<Text,Text>>(); - // populate list of columns - AccumuloInputFormat.fetchColumns(job, columns); - - -To use a regular expression to match row IDs: - - - AccumuloInputFormat.setRegex(job, RegexType.ROW, "^.*"); - - -### <a id="AccumuloOutputFormat_options"></a> AccumuloOutputFormat options - - - boolean createTables = true; - String defaultTable = "mytable"; - - AccumuloOutputFormat.setOutputInfo(job, - "user", - "passwd".getBytes(), - createTables, - defaultTable); - - AccumuloOutputFormat.setZooKeeperInstance(job, "myinstance", - "zooserver-one,zooserver-two"); - - -**Optional Settings:** - - - AccumuloOutputFormat.setMaxLatency(job, 300); // milliseconds - AccumuloOutputFormat.setMaxMutationBufferSize(job, 5000000); // bytes - - -An example of using MapReduce with Accumulo can be found at -accumulo/docs/examples/README.mapred - -## <a id="Aggregating_Iterators"></a> Aggregating Iterators - -Many applications can benefit from the ability to aggregate values across common keys. This can be done via aggregating iterators and is similar to the Reduce step in MapReduce. This provides the ability to define online, incrementally updated analytics without the overhead or latency associated with batch-oriented MapReduce jobs. - -All that is needed to aggregate values of a table is to identify the fields over which values will be grouped, insert mutations with those fields as the key, and configure the table with an aggregating iterator that supports the summarization operation desired. - -The only restriction on an aggregating iterator is that the aggregator developer should not assume that all values for a given key have been seen, since new mutations can be inserted at anytime. This precludes using the total number of values in the aggregation such as when calculating an average, for example. - -### <a id="Feature_Vectors"></a> Feature Vectors - -An interesting use of aggregating iterators within an Accumulo table is to store feature vectors for use in machine learning algorithms. For example, many algorithms such as k-means clustering, support vector machines, anomaly detection, etc. use the concept of a feature vector and the calculation of distance metrics to learn a particular model. The columns in an Accumulo table can be used to efficiently store sparse features and their weights to be incrementally updated via the use of an aggregating iterator. - -## <a id="Statistical_Modeling"></a> Statistical Modeling - -Statistical models that need to be updated by many machines in parallel could be similarly stored within an Accumulo table. For example, a MapReduce job that is iteratively updating a global statistical model could have each map or reduce worker reference the parts of the model to be read and updated through an embedded Accumulo client. - -Using Accumulo this way enables efficient and fast lookups and updates of small pieces of information in a random access pattern, which is complementary to MapReduce's sequential access model. - -* * * - -** Next:** [Security][2] ** Up:** [Apache Accumulo User Manual Version 1.3][4] ** Previous:** [High-Speed Ingest][6] ** [Contents][8]** - -[2]: Security.html -[4]: accumulo_user_manual.html -[6]: High_Speed_Ingest.html -[8]: Contents.html -[9]: Analytics.html#MapReduce -[10]: Analytics.html#Aggregating_Iterators -[11]: Analytics.html#Statistical_Modeling - http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/accumulo-website/blob/9a50bd13/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Contents.md ---------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Contents.md b/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Contents.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7deba5e..0000000 --- a/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Contents.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,232 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: "User Manual: Contents" ---- - -** Next:** [Introduction][2] ** Up:** [Apache Accumulo User Manual Version 1.3][4] ** Previous:** [Apache Accumulo User Manual Version 1.3][4] - - - - -### <a id="Contents"></a> Contents - -* [Introduction][2] -* [Accumulo Design][6] - - * [Data Model][7] - * [Architecture][8] - * [Components][9] - - * [Tablet Server][10] - * [Loggers][11] - * [Garbage Collector][12] - * [Master][13] - * [Client][14] - - * [Data Management][15] - * [Tablet Service][16] - * [Compactions][17] - * [Fault-Tolerance][18] - - - -* [Accumulo Shell][19] - - * [Basic Administration][20] - * [Table Maintenance][21] - * [User Administration][22] - - - -* [Writing Accumulo Clients][23] - - * [Writing Data][24] - - * [BatchWriter][25] - - * [Reading Data][26] - - * [Scanner][27] - * [BatchScanner][28] - - - -* [Table Configuration][29] - - * [Locality Groups][30] - - * [Managing Locality Groups via the Shell][31] - * [Managing Locality Groups via the Client API][32] - - * [Constraints][33] - * [Bloom Filters][34] - * [Iterators][35] - - * [Setting Iterators via the Shell][36] - * [Setting Iterators Programmatically][37] - * [Versioning Iterators and Timestamps][38] - * [Filtering Iterators][39] - - * [Aggregating Iterators][40] - * [Block Cache][41] - - - -* [Table Design][42] - - * [Basic Table][43] - * [RowID Design][44] - * [Indexing][45] - * [Entity-Attribute and Graph Tables][46] - * [Document-Partitioned Indexing][47] - - - -* [High-Speed Ingest][48] - - * [Pre-Splitting New Tables][49] - * [Multiple Ingester Clients][50] - * [Bulk Ingest][51] - * [MapReduce Ingest][52] - - - -* [Analytics][53] - - * [MapReduce][54] - - * [Mapper and Reducer classes][55] - * [AccumuloInputFormat options][56] - * [AccumuloOutputFormat options][57] - - * [Aggregating Iterators][58] - - * [Feature Vectors][59] - - * [Statistical Modeling][60] - - - -* [Security][61] - - * [Security Label Expressions][62] - * [Security Label Expression Syntax][63] - * [Authorization][64] - * [Secure Authorizations Handling][65] - * [Query Services Layer][66] - - - -* [Administration][67] - - * [Hardware][68] - * [Network][69] - * [Installation][70] - * [Dependencies][71] - * [Configuration][72] - - * [Edit conf/accumulo-env.sh][73] - * [Cluster Specification][74] - * [Accumulo Settings][75] - * [Deploy Configuration][76] - - * [Initialization][77] - * [Running][78] - - * [Starting Accumulo][79] - * [Stopping Accumulo][80] - - * [Monitoring][81] - * [Logging][82] - * [Recovery][83] - - - -* [Shell Commands][84] - - - - -* * * - -[2]: Introduction.html -[4]: accumulo_user_manual.html -[6]: Accumulo_Design.html -[7]: Accumulo_Design.html#Data_Model -[8]: Accumulo_Design.html#Architecture -[9]: Accumulo_Design.html#Components -[10]: Accumulo_Design.html#Tablet_Server -[11]: Accumulo_Design.html#Loggers -[12]: Accumulo_Design.html#Garbage_Collector -[13]: Accumulo_Design.html#Master -[14]: Accumulo_Design.html#Client -[15]: Accumulo_Design.html#Data_Management -[16]: Accumulo_Design.html#Tablet_Service -[17]: Accumulo_Design.html#Compactions -[18]: Accumulo_Design.html#Fault-Tolerance -[19]: Accumulo_Shell.html -[20]: Accumulo_Shell.html#Basic_Administration -[21]: Accumulo_Shell.html#Table_Maintenance -[22]: Accumulo_Shell.html#User_Administration -[23]: Writing_Accumulo_Clients.html -[24]: Writing_Accumulo_Clients.html#Writing_Data -[25]: Writing_Accumulo_Clients.html#BatchWriter -[26]: Writing_Accumulo_Clients.html#Reading_Data -[27]: Writing_Accumulo_Clients.html#Scanner -[28]: Writing_Accumulo_Clients.html#BatchScanner -[29]: Table_Configuration.html -[30]: Table_Configuration.html#Locality_Groups -[31]: Table_Configuration.html#Managing_Locality_Groups_via_the_Shell -[32]: Table_Configuration.html#Managing_Locality_Groups_via_the_Client_API -[33]: Table_Configuration.html#Constraints -[34]: Table_Configuration.html#Bloom_Filters -[35]: Table_Configuration.html#Iterators -[36]: Table_Configuration.html#Setting_Iterators_via_the_Shell -[37]: Table_Configuration.html#Setting_Iterators_Programmatically -[38]: Table_Configuration.html#Versioning_Iterators_and_Timestamps -[39]: Table_Configuration.html#Filtering_Iterators -[40]: Table_Configuration.html#Aggregating_Iterators -[41]: Table_Configuration.html#Block_Cache -[42]: Table_Design.html -[43]: Table_Design.html#Basic_Table -[44]: Table_Design.html#RowID_Design -[45]: Table_Design.html#Indexing -[46]: Table_Design.html#Entity-Attribute_and_Graph_Tables -[47]: Table_Design.html#Document-Partitioned_Indexing -[48]: High_Speed_Ingest.html -[49]: High_Speed_Ingest.html#Pre-Splitting_New_Tables -[50]: High_Speed_Ingest.html#Multiple_Ingester_Clients -[51]: High_Speed_Ingest.html#Bulk_Ingest -[52]: High_Speed_Ingest.html#MapReduce_Ingest -[53]: Analytics.html -[54]: Analytics.html#MapReduce -[55]: Analytics.html#Mapper_and_Reducer_classes -[56]: Analytics.html#AccumuloInputFormat_options -[57]: Analytics.html#AccumuloOutputFormat_options -[58]: Analytics.html#Aggregating_Iterators -[59]: Analytics.html#Feature_Vectors -[60]: Analytics.html#Statistical_Modeling -[61]: Security.html -[62]: Security.html#Security_Label_Expressions -[63]: Security.html#Security_Label_Expression_Syntax -[64]: Security.html#Authorization -[65]: Security.html#Secure_Authorizations_Handling -[66]: Security.html#Query_Services_Layer -[67]: Administration.html -[68]: Administration.html#Hardware -[69]: Administration.html#Network -[70]: Administration.html#Installation -[71]: Administration.html#Dependencies -[72]: Administration.html#Configuration -[73]: Administration.html#Edit_conf/accumulo-env.sh -[74]: Administration.html#Cluster_Specification -[75]: Administration.html#Accumulo_Settings -[76]: Administration.html#Deploy_Configuration -[77]: Administration.html#Initialization -[78]: Administration.html#Running -[79]: Administration.html#Starting_Accumulo -[80]: Administration.html#Stopping_Accumulo -[81]: Administration.html#Monitoring -[82]: Administration.html#Logging -[83]: Administration.html#Recovery -[84]: Shell_Commands.html - http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/accumulo-website/blob/9a50bd13/user_manual_1.3-incubating/High_Speed_Ingest.md ---------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/user_manual_1.3-incubating/High_Speed_Ingest.md b/user_manual_1.3-incubating/High_Speed_Ingest.md deleted file mode 100644 index a30e395..0000000 --- a/user_manual_1.3-incubating/High_Speed_Ingest.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,85 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: "User Manual: High Speed Ingest" ---- - -** Next:** [Analytics][2] ** Up:** [Apache Accumulo User Manual Version 1.3][4] ** Previous:** [Table Design][6] ** [Contents][8]** - -<a id="CHILD_LINKS"></a>**Subsections** - -* [Pre-Splitting New Tables][9] -* [Multiple Ingester Clients][10] -* [Bulk Ingest][11] -* [MapReduce Ingest][12] - -* * * - -## <a id="High-Speed_Ingest"></a> High-Speed Ingest - -Accumulo is often used as part of a larger data processing and storage system. To maximize the performance of a parallel system involving Accumulo, the ingestion and query components should be designed to provide enough parallelism and concurrency to avoid creating bottlenecks for users and other systems writing to and reading from Accumulo. There are several ways to achieve high ingest performance. - -## <a id="Pre-Splitting_New_Tables"></a> Pre-Splitting New Tables - -New tables consist of a single tablet by default. As mutations are applied, the table grows and splits into multiple tablets which are balanced by the Master across TabletServers. This implies that the aggregate ingest rate will be limited to fewer servers than are available within the cluster until the table has reached the point where there are tablets on every TabletServer. - -Pre-splitting a table ensures that there are as many tablets as desired available before ingest begins to take advantage of all the parallelism possible with the cluster hardware. Tables can be split anytime by using the shell: - - - user@myinstance mytable> addsplits -sf /local_splitfile -t mytable - - -For the purposes of providing parallelism to ingest it is not necessary to create more tablets than there are physical machines within the cluster as the aggregate ingest rate is a function of the number of physical machines. Note that the aggregate ingest rate is still subject to the number of machines running ingest clients, and the distribution of rowIDs across the table. The aggregation ingest rate will be suboptimal if there are many inserts into a small number of rowIDs. - -## <a id="Multiple_Ingester_Clients"></a> Multiple Ingester Clients - -Accumulo is capable of scaling to very high rates of ingest, which is dependent upon not just the number of TabletServers in operation but also the number of ingest clients. This is because a single client, while capable of batching mutations and sending them to all TabletServers, is ultimately limited by the amount of data that can be processed on a single machine. The aggregate ingest rate will scale linearly with the number of clients up to the point at which either the aggregate I/O of TabletServers or total network bandwidth capacity is reached. - -In operational settings where high rates of ingest are paramount, clusters are often configured to dedicate some number of machines solely to running Ingester Clients. The exact ratio of clients to TabletServers necessary for optimum ingestion rates will vary according to the distribution of resources per machine and by data type. - -## <a id="Bulk_Ingest"></a> Bulk Ingest - -Accumulo supports the ability to import files produced by an external process such as MapReduce into an existing table. In some cases it may be faster to load data this way rather than via ingesting through clients using BatchWriters. This allows a large number of machines to format data the way Accumulo expects. The new files can then simply be introduced to Accumulo via a shell command. - -To configure MapReduce to format data in preparation for bulk loading, the job should be set to use a range partitioner instead of the default hash partitioner. The range partitioner uses the split points of the Accumulo table that will receive the data. The split points can be obtained from the shell and used by the MapReduce RangePartitioner. Note that this is only useful if the existing table is already split into multiple tablets. - - - user@myinstance mytable> getsplits - aa - ab - ac - ... - zx - zy - zz - - -Run the MapReduce job, using the AccumuloFileOutputFormat to create the files to be introduced to Accumulo. Once this is complete, the files can be added to Accumulo via the shell: - - - user@myinstance mytable> importdirectory /files_dir /failures - - -Note that the paths referenced are directories within the same HDFS instance over which Accumulo is running. Accumulo places any files that failed to be added to the second directory specified. - -A complete example of using Bulk Ingest can be found at -accumulo/docs/examples/README.bulkIngest - -## <a id="MapReduce_Ingest"></a> MapReduce Ingest - -It is possible to efficiently write many mutations to Accumulo in parallel via a MapReduce job. In this scenario the MapReduce is written to process data that lives in HDFS and write mutations to Accumulo using the AccumuloOutputFormat. See the MapReduce section under Analytics for details. - -An example of using MapReduce can be found under -accumulo/docs/examples/README.mapred - -* * * - -** Next:** [Analytics][2] ** Up:** [Apache Accumulo User Manual Version 1.3][4] ** Previous:** [Table Design][6] ** [Contents][8]** - -[2]: Analytics.html -[4]: accumulo_user_manual.html -[6]: Table_Design.html -[8]: Contents.html -[9]: High_Speed_Ingest.html#Pre-Splitting_New_Tables -[10]: High_Speed_Ingest.html#Multiple_Ingester_Clients -[11]: High_Speed_Ingest.html#Bulk_Ingest -[12]: High_Speed_Ingest.html#MapReduce_Ingest - http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/accumulo-website/blob/9a50bd13/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Introduction.md ---------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Introduction.md b/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Introduction.md deleted file mode 100644 index b8e6247..0000000 --- a/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Introduction.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: "User Manual: Introduction" ---- - -** Next:** [Accumulo Design][2] ** Up:** [Apache Accumulo User Manual Version 1.3][4] ** Previous:** [Contents][6] ** [Contents][6]** - - - -## <a id="Introduction"></a> Introduction - -Apache Accumulo is a highly scalable structured store based on Google's BigTable. Accumulo is written in Java and operates over the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), which is part of the popular Apache Hadoop project. Accumulo supports efficient storage and retrieval of structured data, including queries for ranges, and provides support for using Accumulo tables as input and output for MapReduce jobs. - -Accumulo features automatic load-balancing and partitioning, data compression and fine-grained security labels. - - - - -* * * - -[2]: Accumulo_Design.html -[4]: accumulo_user_manual.html -[6]: Contents.html - http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/accumulo-website/blob/9a50bd13/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Security.md ---------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Security.md b/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Security.md deleted file mode 100644 index f0cc9bb..0000000 --- a/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Security.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,108 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: "User Manual: Security" ---- - -** Next:** [Administration][2] ** Up:** [Apache Accumulo User Manual Version 1.3][4] ** Previous:** [Analytics][6] ** [Contents][8]** - -<a id="CHILD_LINKS"></a>**Subsections** - -* [Security Label Expressions][9] -* [Security Label Expression Syntax][10] -* [Authorization][11] -* [Secure Authorizations Handling][12] -* [Query Services Layer][13] - -* * * - -## <a id="Security"></a> Security - -Accumulo extends the BigTable data model to implement a security mechanism known as cell-level security. Every key-value pair has its own security label, stored under the column visibility element of the key, which is used to determine whether a given user meets the security requirements to read the value. This enables data of various security levels to be stored within the same row, and users of varying degrees of access to query the same table, while preserving data confidentiality. - -## <a id="Security_Label_Expressions"></a> Security Label Expressions - -When mutations are applied, users can specify a security label for each value. This is done as the Mutation is created by passing a ColumnVisibility object to the put() method: - - - Text rowID = new Text("row1"); - Text colFam = new Text("myColFam"); - Text colQual = new Text("myColQual"); - ColumnVisibility colVis = new ColumnVisibility("public"); - long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis(); - - Value value = new Value("myValue"); - - Mutation mutation = new Mutation(rowID); - mutation.put(colFam, colQual, colVis, timestamp, value); - - -## <a id="Security_Label_Expression_Syntax"></a> Security Label Expression Syntax - -Security labels consist of a set of user-defined tokens that are required to read the value the label is associated with. The set of tokens required can be specified using syntax that supports logical AND and OR combinations of tokens, as well as nesting groups of tokens together. - -For example, suppose within our organization we want to label our data values with security labels defined in terms of user roles. We might have tokens such as: - - - admin - audit - system - - -These can be specified alone or combined using logical operators: - - - // Users must have admin privileges: - admin - - // Users must have admin and audit privileges - admin&audit - - // Users with either admin or audit privileges - admin|audit - - // Users must have audit and one or both of admin or system - (admin|system)&audit - - -When both `|` and `&` operators are used, parentheses must be used to specify precedence of the operators. - -## <a id="Authorization"></a> Authorization - -When clients attempt to read data from Accumulo, any security labels present are examined against the set of authorizations passed by the client code when the Scanner or BatchScanner are created. If the authorizations are determined to be insufficient to satisfy the security label, the value is suppressed from the set of results sent back to the client. - -Authorizations are specified as a comma-separated list of tokens the user possesses: - - - // user possess both admin and system level access - Authorization auths = new Authorization("admin","system"); - - Scanner s = connector.createScanner("table", auths); - - -## <a id="Secure_Authorizations_Handling"></a> Secure Authorizations Handling - -Because the client can pass any authorization tokens to Accumulo, applications must be designed to obtain users' authorization tokens from a trusted 3rd party rather than having the users specify their authorizations directly. - -Often production systems will integrate with Public-Key Infrastructure (PKI) and designate client code within the query layer to negotiate with PKI servers in order to authenticate users and retrieve their authorization tokens (credentials). This requires users to specify only the information necessary to authenticate themselves to the system. Once user identity is established, their credentials can be accessed by the client code and passed to Accumulo outside of the reach of the user. - -## <a id="Query_Services_Layer"></a> Query Services Layer - -Since the primary method of interaction with Accumulo is through the Java API, production environments often call for the implementation of a Query layer. This can be done using web services in containers such as Apache Tomcat, but is not a requirement. The Query Services Layer provides a mechanism for providing a platform on which user facing applications can be built. This allows the application designers to isolate potentially complex query logic, and enables a convenient point at which to perform essential security functions. - -Several production environments choose to implement authentication at this layer, where users identifiers are used to retrieve their access credentials which are then cached within the query layer and presented to Accumulo through the Authorizations mechanism. - -Typically, the query services layer sits between Accumulo and user workstations. - -* * * - -** Next:** [Administration][2] ** Up:** [Apache Accumulo User Manual Version 1.3][4] ** Previous:** [Analytics][6] ** [Contents][8]** - -[2]: Administration.html -[4]: accumulo_user_manual.html -[6]: Analytics.html -[8]: Contents.html -[9]: Security.html#Security_Label_Expressions -[10]: Security.html#Security_Label_Expression_Syntax -[11]: Security.html#Authorization -[12]: Security.html#Secure_Authorizations_Handling -[13]: Security.html#Query_Services_Layer - http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/accumulo-website/blob/9a50bd13/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Shell_Commands.md ---------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Shell_Commands.md b/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Shell_Commands.md deleted file mode 100644 index 94f9080..0000000 --- a/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Shell_Commands.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,534 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: "User Manual: Shell Commands" ---- - -** Up:** [Apache Accumulo User Manual Version 1.3][3] ** Previous:** [Administration][5] ** [Contents][7]** - - - -## <a id="Shell_Commands"></a> Shell Commands - -**?** - - usage: ? [ <command> <command> ] [-?] [-np] - description: provides information about the available commands - -?,-help display this help - -np,-no-pagination disables pagination of output - -**about** - - usage: about [-?] [-v] - description: displays information about this program - -?,-help display this help - -v,-verbose displays details session information - -**addsplits** - - usage: addsplits [<split> <split> ] [-?] [-b64] [-sf <filename>] -t <tableName> - description: add split points to an existing table - -?,-help display this help - -b64,-base64encoded decode encoded split points - -sf,-splits-file <filename> file with newline separated list of rows to add - to table - -t,-table <tableName> name of a table to add split points to - -**authenticate** - - usage: authenticate <username> [-?] - description: verifies a user's credentials - -?,-help display this help - -**bye** - - usage: bye [-?] - description: exits the shell - -?,-help display this help - -**classpath** - - usage: classpath [-?] - description: lists the current files on the classpath - -?,-help display this help - -**clear** - - usage: clear [-?] - description: clears the screen - -?,-help display this help - -**cls** - - usage: cls [-?] - description: clears the screen - -?,-help display this help - -**compact** - - usage: compact [-?] [-override] -p <pattern> | -t <tableName> - description: sets all tablets for a table to major compact as soon as possible - (based on current time) - -?,-help display this help - -override override a future scheduled compaction - -p,-pattern <pattern> regex pattern of table names to flush - -t,-table <tableName> name of a table to flush - -**config** - - usage: config [-?] [-d <property> | -f <string> | -s <property=value>] [-np] - [-t <table>] - description: prints system properties and table specific properties - -?,-help display this help - -d,-delete <property> delete a per-table property - -f,-filter <string> show only properties that contain this string - -np,-no-pagination disables pagination of output - -s,-set <property=value> set a per-table property - -t,-table <table> display/set/delete properties for specified table - -**createtable** - - usage: createtable <tableName> [-?] [-a - <<columnfamily>[:<columnqualifier>]=<aggregation_class>>] [-b64] - [-cc <table>] [-cs <table> | -sf <filename>] [-ndi] [-tl | -tm] - description: creates a new table, with optional aggregators and optionally - pre-split - -?,-help display this help - -a,-aggregator <<columnfamily>[:<columnqualifier>]=<aggregation_class>> - comma separated column=aggregator - -b64,-base64encoded decode encoded split points - -cc,-copy-config <table> table to copy configuration from - -cs,-copy-splits <table> table to copy current splits from - -ndi,-no-default-iterators prevents creation of the normal default iterator - set - -sf,-splits-file <filename> file with newline separated list of rows to - create a pre-split table - -tl,-time-logical use logical time - -tm,-time-millis use time in milliseconds - -**createuser** - - usage: createuser <username> [-?] [-s <comma-separated-authorizations>] - description: creates a new user - -?,-help display this help - -s,-scan-authorizations <comma-separated-authorizations> scan authorizations - -**debug** - - usage: debug [ on | off ] [-?] - description: turns debug logging on or off - -?,-help display this help - -**delete** - - usage: delete <row> <colfamily> <colqualifier> [-?] [-l <expression>] [-t - <timestamp>] - description: deletes a record from a table - -?,-help display this help - -l,-authorization-label <expression> formatted authorization label expression - -t,-timestamp <timestamp> timestamp to use for insert - -**deleteiter** - - usage: deleteiter [-?] [-majc] [-minc] -n <itername> [-scan] [-t <table>] - description: deletes a table-specific iterator - -?,-help display this help - -majc,-major-compaction applied at major compaction - -minc,-minor-compaction applied at minor compaction - -n,-name <itername> iterator to delete - -scan,-scan-time applied at scan time - -t,-table <table> tableName - -**deletemany** - - usage: deletemany [-?] [-b <start-row>] [-c - <<columnfamily>[:<columnqualifier>]>] [-e <end-row>] [-f] [-np] - [-s <comma-separated-authorizations>] [-st] - description: scans a table and deletes the resulting records - -?,-help display this help - -b,-begin-row <start-row> begin row (inclusive) - -c,-columns <<columnfamily>[:<columnqualifier>]> comma-separated columns - -e,-end-row <end-row> end row (inclusive) - -f,-force forces deletion without prompting - -np,-no-pagination disables pagination of output - -s,-scan-authorizations <comma-separated-authorizations> scan authorizations - (all user auths are used if this argument is not specified) - -st,-show-timestamps enables displaying timestamps - -**deletescaniter** - - usage: deletescaniter [-?] [-a] [-n <itername>] [-t <table>] - description: deletes a table-specific scan iterator so it is no longer used - during this shell session - -?,-help display this help - -a,-all delete all for tableName - -n,-name <itername> iterator to delete - -t,-table <table> tableName - -**deletetable** - - usage: deletetable <tableName> [-?] - description: deletes a table - -?,-help display this help - -**deleteuser** - - usage: deleteuser <username> [-?] - description: deletes a user - -?,-help display this help - -**droptable** - - usage: droptable <tableName> [-?] - description: deletes a table - -?,-help display this help - -**dropuser** - - usage: dropuser <username> [-?] - description: deletes a user - -?,-help display this help - -**egrep** - - usage: egrep <regex> <regex> [-?] [-b <start-row>] [-c - <<columnfamily>[:<columnqualifier>]>] [-e <end-row>] [-np] [-s - <comma-separated-authorizations>] [-st] [-t <arg>] - description: egreps a table in parallel on the server side (uses java regex) - -?,-help display this help - -b,-begin-row <start-row> begin row (inclusive) - -c,-columns <<columnfamily>[:<columnqualifier>]> comma-separated columns - -e,-end-row <end-row> end row (inclusive) - -np,-no-pagination disables pagination of output - -s,-scan-authorizations <comma-separated-authorizations> scan authorizations - (all user auths are used if this argument is not specified) - -st,-show-timestamps enables displaying timestamps - -t,-num-threads <arg> num threads - -**execfile** - - usage: execfile [-?] [-v] - description: specifies a file containing accumulo commands to execute - -?,-help display this help - -v,-verbose displays command prompt as commands are executed - -**exit** - - usage: exit [-?] - description: exits the shell - -?,-help display this help - -**flush** - - usage: flush [-?] -p <pattern> | -t <tableName> - description: makes a best effort to flush tables from memory to disk - -?,-help display this help - -p,-pattern <pattern> regex pattern of table names to flush - -t,-table <tableName> name of a table to flush - -**formatter** - - usage: formatter [-?] -f <className> | -l | -r - description: specifies a formatter to use for displaying database entries - -?,-help display this help - -f,-formatter <className> fully qualified name of formatter class to use - -l,-list display the current formatter - -r,-reset reset to default formatter - -**getauths** - - usage: getauths [-?] [-u <user>] - description: displays the maximum scan authorizations for a user - -?,-help display this help - -u,-user <user> user to operate on - -**getgroups** - - usage: getgroups [-?] -t <table> - description: gets the locality groups for a given table - -?,-help display this help - -t,-table <table> get locality groups for specified table - -**getsplits** - - usage: getsplits [-?] [-b64] [-m <num>] [-o <file>] [-v] - description: retrieves the current split points for tablets in the current table - -?,-help display this help - -b64,-base64encoded encode the split points - -m,-max <num> specifies the maximum number of splits to create - -o,-output <file> specifies a local file to write the splits to - -v,-verbose print out the tablet information with start/end rows - -**grant** - - usage: grant <permission> [-?] -p <pattern> | -s | -t <table> -u <username> - description: grants system or table permissions for a user - -?,-help display this help - -p,-pattern <pattern> regex pattern of tables to grant permissions on - -s,-system grant a system permission - -t,-table <table> grant a table permission on this table - -u,-user <username> user to operate on - -**grep** - - usage: grep <term> <term> [-?] [-b <start-row>] [-c - <<columnfamily>[:<columnqualifier>]>] [-e <end-row>] [-np] [-s - <comma-separated-authorizations>] [-st] [-t <arg>] - description: searches a table for a substring, in parallel, on the server side - -?,-help display this help - -b,-begin-row <start-row> begin row (inclusive) - -c,-columns <<columnfamily>[:<columnqualifier>]> comma-separated columns - -e,-end-row <end-row> end row (inclusive) - -np,-no-pagination disables pagination of output - -s,-scan-authorizations <comma-separated-authorizations> scan authorizations - (all user auths are used if this argument is not specified) - -st,-show-timestamps enables displaying timestamps - -t,-num-threads <arg> num threads - -**help** - - usage: help [ <command> <command> ] [-?] [-np] - description: provides information about the available commands - -?,-help display this help - -np,-no-pagination disables pagination of output - -**importdirectory** - - usage: importdirectory <directory> <failureDirectory> [-?] [-a <num>] [-f <num>] - [-g] [-v] - description: bulk imports an entire directory of data files to the current table - -?,-help display this help - -a,-numAssignThreads <num> number of assign threads for import (default: 20) - -f,-numFileThreads <num> number of threads to process files (default: 8) - -g,-disableGC prevents imported files from being deleted by the garbage - collector - -v,-verbose displays statistics from the import - -**info** - - usage: info [-?] [-v] - description: displays information about this program - -?,-help display this help - -v,-verbose displays details session information - -**insert** - - usage: insert <row> <colfamily> <colqualifier> <value> [-?] [-l <expression>] [-t - <timestamp>] - description: inserts a record - -?,-help display this help - -l,-authorization-label <expression> formatted authorization label expression - -t,-timestamp <timestamp> timestamp to use for insert - -**listscans** - - usage: listscans [-?] [-np] [-ts <tablet server>] - description: list what scans are currently running in accumulo. See the - org.apache.accumulo.core.client.admin.ActiveScan javadoc for more information - about columns. - -?,-help display this help - -np,-no-pagination disables pagination of output - -ts,-tabletServer <tablet server> list scans for a specific tablet server - -**masterstate** - - usage: masterstate <NORMAL|SAFE_MODE|CLEAN_STOP> [-?] - description: set the master state: NORMAL, SAFE_MODE or CLEAN_STOP - -?,-help display this help - -**offline** - - usage: offline [-?] -p <pattern> | -t <tableName> - description: starts the process of taking table offline - -?,-help display this help - -p,-pattern <pattern> regex pattern of table names to flush - -t,-table <tableName> name of a table to flush - -**online** - - usage: online [-?] -p <pattern> | -t <tableName> - description: starts the process of putting a table online - -?,-help display this help - -p,-pattern <pattern> regex pattern of table names to flush - -t,-table <tableName> name of a table to flush - -**passwd** - - usage: passwd [-?] [-u <user>] - description: changes a user's password - -?,-help display this help - -u,-user <user> user to operate on - -**quit** - - usage: quit [-?] - description: exits the shell - -?,-help display this help - -**renametable** - - usage: renametable <current table name> <new table name> [-?] - description: rename a table - -?,-help display this help - -**revoke** - - usage: revoke <permission> [-?] -s | -t <table> -u <username> - description: revokes system or table permissions from a user - -?,-help display this help - -s,-system revoke a system permission - -t,-table <table> revoke a table permission on this table - -u,-user <username> user to operate on - -**scan** - - usage: scan [-?] [-b <start-row>] [-c <<columnfamily>[:<columnqualifier>]>] [-e - <end-row>] [-np] [-s <comma-separated-authorizations>] [-st] - description: scans the table, and displays the resulting records - -?,-help display this help - -b,-begin-row <start-row> begin row (inclusive) - -c,-columns <<columnfamily>[:<columnqualifier>]> comma-separated columns - -e,-end-row <end-row> end row (inclusive) - -np,-no-pagination disables pagination of output - -s,-scan-authorizations <comma-separated-authorizations> scan authorizations - (all user auths are used if this argument is not specified) - -st,-show-timestamps enables displaying timestamps - -**select** - - usage: select <row> <columnfamily> <columnqualifier> [-?] [-np] [-s - <comma-separated-authorizations>] [-st] - description: scans for and displays a single record - -?,-help display this help - -np,-no-pagination disables pagination of output - -s,-scan-authorizations <comma-separated-authorizations> scan authorizations - -st,-show-timestamps enables displaying timestamps - -**selectrow** - - usage: selectrow <row> [-?] [-np] [-s <comma-separated-authorizations>] [-st] - description: scans a single row and displays all resulting records - -?,-help display this help - -np,-no-pagination disables pagination of output - -s,-scan-authorizations <comma-separated-authorizations> scan authorizations - -st,-show-timestamps enables displaying timestamps - -**setauths** - - usage: setauths [-?] -c | -s <comma-separated-authorizations> [-u <user>] - description: sets the maximum scan authorizations for a user - -?,-help display this help - -c,-clear-authorizations clears the scan authorizations - -s,-scan-authorizations <comma-separated-authorizations> set the scan - authorizations - -u,-user <user> user to operate on - -**setgroups** - - usage: setgroups <group>=<col fam>,<col fam> <group>=<col fam>,<col fam> - [-?] -t <table> - description: sets the locality groups for a given table (for binary or commas, - use Java API) - -?,-help display this help - -t,-table <table> get locality groups for specified table - -**setiter** - - usage: setiter [-?] -agg | -class <name> | -filter | -nolabel | -regex | -vers - [-majc] [-minc] [-n <itername>] -p <pri> [-scan] [-t <table>] - description: sets a table-specific iterator - -?,-help display this help - -agg,-aggregator an aggregating type - -class,-class-name <name> a java class type - -filter,-filter a filtering type - -majc,-major-compaction applied at major compaction - -minc,-minor-compaction applied at minor compaction - -n,-name <itername> iterator to set - -nolabel,-no-label a no-labeling type - -p,-priority <pri> the order in which the iterator is applied - -regex,-regular-expression a regex matching type - -scan,-scan-time applied at scan time - -t,-table <table> tableName - -vers,-version a versioning type - -**setscaniter** - - usage: setscaniter [-?] -agg | -class <name> | -filter | -nolabel | -regex | - -vers [-n <itername>] -p <pri> [-t <table>] - description: sets a table-specific scan iterator for this shell session - -?,-help display this help - -agg,-aggregator an aggregating type - -class,-class-name <name> a java class type - -filter,-filter a filtering type - -n,-name <itername> iterator to set - -nolabel,-no-label a no-labeling type - -p,-priority <pri> the order in which the iterator is applied - -regex,-regular-expression a regex matching type - -t,-table <table> tableName - -vers,-version a versioning type - -**systempermissions** - - usage: systempermissions [-?] - description: displays a list of valid system permissions - -?,-help display this help - -**table** - - usage: table <tableName> [-?] - description: switches to the specified table - -?,-help display this help - -**tablepermissions** - - usage: tablepermissions [-?] - description: displays a list of valid table permissions - -?,-help display this help - -**tables** - - usage: tables [-?] [-l] - description: displays a list of all existing tables - -?,-help display this help - -l,-list-ids display internal table ids along with the table name - -**trace** - - usage: trace [ on | off ] [-?] - description: turns trace logging on or off - -?,-help display this help - -**user** - - usage: user <username> [-?] - description: switches to the specified user - -?,-help display this help - -**userpermissions** - - usage: userpermissions [-?] [-u <user>] - description: displays a user's system and table permissions - -?,-help display this help - -u,-user <user> user to operate on - -**users** - - usage: users [-?] - description: displays a list of existing users - -?,-help display this help - -**whoami** - - usage: whoami [-?] - description: reports the current user name - -?,-help display this help - - - - -* * * - -** Up:** [Apache Accumulo User Manual Version 1.3][3] ** Previous:** [Administration][5] ** [Contents][7]** - -[3]: accumulo_user_manual.html -[5]: Administration.html -[7]: Contents.html - http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/accumulo-website/blob/9a50bd13/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Table_Configuration.md ---------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Table_Configuration.md b/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Table_Configuration.md deleted file mode 100644 index 172a10d..0000000 --- a/user_manual_1.3-incubating/Table_Configuration.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,330 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: "User Manual: Table Configuration" ---- - -** Next:** [Table Design][2] ** Up:** [Apache Accumulo User Manual Version 1.3][4] ** Previous:** [Writing Accumulo Clients][6] ** [Contents][8]** - -<a id="CHILD_LINKS"></a>**Subsections** - -* [Locality Groups][9] -* [Constraints][10] -* [Bloom Filters][11] -* [Iterators][12] -* [Aggregating Iterators][13] -* [Block Cache][14] - -* * * - -## <a id="Table_Configuration"></a> Table Configuration - -Accumulo tables have a few options that can be configured to alter the default behavior of Accumulo as well as improve performance based on the data stored. These include locality groups, constraints, and iterators. - -## <a id="Locality_Groups"></a> Locality Groups - -Accumulo supports storing of sets of column families separately on disk to allow clients to scan over columns that are frequently used together efficient and to avoid scanning over column families that are not requested. After a locality group is set Scanner and BatchScanner operations will automatically take advantage of them whenever the fetchColumnFamilies() method is used. - -By default tables place all column families into the same ``default" locality group. Additional locality groups can be configured anytime via the shell or programmatically as follows: - -### <a id="Managing_Locality_Groups_via_the_Shell"></a> Managing Locality Groups via the Shell - - - usage: setgroups <group>=<col fam>{,<col fam>}{ <group>=<col fam>{,<col - fam>}} [-?] -t <table> - - user@myinstance mytable> setgroups -t mytable group_one=colf1,colf2 - - user@myinstance mytable> getgroups -t mytable - group_one=colf1,colf2 - - -### <a id="Managing_Locality_Groups_via_the_Client_API"></a> Managing Locality Groups via the Client API - - - Connector conn; - - HashMap<String,Set<Text>> localityGroups = - new HashMap<String, Set<Text>>(); - - HashSet<Text> metadataColumns = new HashSet<Text>(); - metadataColumns.add(new Text("domain")); - metadataColumns.add(new Text("link")); - - HashSet<Text> contentColumns = new HashSet<Text>(); - contentColumns.add(new Text("body")); - contentColumns.add(new Text("images")); - - localityGroups.put("metadata", metadataColumns); - localityGroups.put("content", contentColumns); - - conn.tableOperations().setLocalityGroups("mytable", localityGroups); - - // existing locality groups can be obtained as follows - Map<String, Set<Text>> groups = - conn.tableOperations().getLocalityGroups("mytable"); - - -The assignment of Column Families to Locality Groups can be changed anytime. The physical movement of column families into their new locality groups takes place via the periodic Major Compaction process that takes place continuously in the background. Major Compaction can also be scheduled to take place immediately through the shell: - - - user@myinstance mytable> compact -t mytable - - -## <a id="Constraints"></a> Constraints - -Accumulo supports constraints applied on mutations at insert time. This can be used to disallow certain inserts according to a user defined policy. Any mutation that fails to meet the requirements of the constraint is rejected and sent back to the client. - -Constraints can be enabled by setting a table property as follows: - - - user@myinstance mytable> config -t mytable -s table.constraint.1=com.test.ExampleConstraint - user@myinstance mytable> config -t mytable -s table.constraint.2=com.test.AnotherConstraint - user@myinstance mytable> config -t mytable -f constraint - ---------+--------------------------------+---------------------------- - SCOPE | NAME | VALUE - ---------+--------------------------------+---------------------------- - table | table.constraint.1............ | com.test.ExampleConstraint - table | table.constraint.2............ | com.test.AnotherConstraint - ---------+--------------------------------+---------------------------- - - -Currently there are no general-purpose constraints provided with the Accumulo distribution. New constraints can be created by writing a Java class that implements the org.apache.accumulo.core.constraints.Constraint interface. - -To deploy a new constraint, create a jar file containing the class implementing the new constraint and place it in the lib directory of the Accumulo installation. New constraint jars can be added to Accumulo and enabled without restarting but any change to an existing constraint class requires Accumulo to be restarted. - -An example of constraints can be found in -accumulo/docs/examples/README.constraints with corresponding code under -accumulo/src/examples/main/java/accumulo/examples/constraints . - -## <a id="Bloom_Filters"></a> Bloom Filters - -As mutations are applied to an Accumulo table, several files are created per tablet. If bloom filters are enabled, Accumulo will create and load a small data structure into memory to determine whether a file contains a given key before opening the file. This can speed up lookups considerably. - -To enable bloom filters, enter the following command in the Shell: - - - user@myinstance> config -t mytable -s table.bloom.enabled=true - - -An extensive example of using Bloom Filters can be found at -accumulo/docs/examples/README.bloom . - -## <a id="Iterators"></a> Iterators - -Iterators provide a modular mechanism for adding functionality to be executed by TabletServers when scanning or compacting data. This allows users to efficiently summarize, filter, and aggregate data. In fact, the built-in features of cell-level security and age-off are implemented using Iterators. - -### <a id="Setting_Iterators_via_the_Shell"></a> Setting Iterators via the Shell - - - usage: setiter [-?] -agg | -class <name> | -filter | -nolabel | - -regex | -vers [-majc] [-minc] [-n <itername>] -p <pri> [-scan] - [-t <table>] - - user@myinstance mytable> setiter -t mytable -scan -p 10 -n myiter - - -### <a id="Setting_Iterators_Programmatically"></a> Setting Iterators Programmatically - - - scanner.setScanIterators( - 15, // priority - "com.company.MyIterator", // class name - "myiter"); // name this iterator - - -Some iterators take additional parameters from client code, as in the following example: - - - bscan.setIteratorOption( - "myiter", // iterator reference - "myoptionname", - "myoptionvalue"); - - -Tables support separate Iterator settings to be applied at scan time, upon minor compaction and upon major compaction. For most uses, tables will have identical iterator settings for all three to avoid inconsistent results. - -### <a id="Versioning_Iterators_and_Timestamps"></a> Versioning Iterators and Timestamps - -Accumulo provides the capability to manage versioned data through the use of timestamps within the Key. If a timestamp is not specified in the key created by the client then the system will set the timestamp to the current time. Two keys with identical rowIDs and columns but different timestamps are considered two versions of the same key. If two inserts are made into accumulo with the same rowID, column, and timestamp, then the behavior is non-deterministic. - -Timestamps are sorted in descending order, so the most recent data comes first. Accumulo can be configured to return the top k versions, or versions later than a given date. The default is to return the one most recent version. - -The version policy can be changed by changing the VersioningIterator options for a table as follows: - - - user@myinstance mytable> config -t mytable -s - table.iterator.scan.vers.opt.maxVersions=3 - - user@myinstance mytable> config -t mytable -s - table.iterator.minc.vers.opt.maxVersions=3 - - user@myinstance mytable> config -t mytable -s - table.iterator.majc.vers.opt.maxVersions=3 - - -#### <a id="Logical_Time"></a> Logical Time - -Accumulo 1.2 introduces the concept of logical time. This ensures that timestamps set by accumulo always move forward. This helps avoid problems caused by TabletServers that have different time settings. The per tablet counter gives unique one up time stamps on a per mutation basis. When using time in milliseconds, if two things arrive within the same millisecond then both receive the same timestamp. - -A table can be configured to use logical timestamps at creation time as follows: - - - user@myinstance> createtable -tl logical - - -#### <a id="Deletes"></a> Deletes - -Deletes are special keys in accumulo that get sorted along will all the other data. When a delete key is inserted, accumulo will not show anything that has a timestamp less than or equal to the delete key. During major compaction, any keys older than a delete key are omitted from the new file created, and the omitted keys are removed from disk as part of the regular garbage collection process. - -### <a id="Filtering_Iterators"></a> Filtering Iterators - -When scanning over a set of key-value pairs it is possible to apply an arbitrary filtering policy through the use of a FilteringIterator. These types of iterators return only key-value pairs that satisfy the filter logic. Accumulo has two built-in filtering iterators that can be configured on any table: AgeOff and RegEx. More can be added by writing a Java class that implements the -org.apache.accumulo.core.iterators.filter.Filter interface. - -To configure the AgeOff filter to remove data older than a certain date or a fixed amount of time from the present. The following example sets a table to delete everything inserted over 30 seconds ago: - - - user@myinstance> createtable filtertest - user@myinstance filtertest> setiter -t filtertest -scan -minc -majc -p - 10 -n myfilter -filter - - FilteringIterator uses Filters to accept or reject key/value pairs - ----------> entering options: <filterPriorityNumber> - <ageoff|regex|filterClass> - - ----------> set org.apache.accumulo.core.iterators.FilteringIterator option - (<name> <value>, hit enter to skip): 0 ageoff - - ----------> set org.apache.accumulo.core.iterators.FilteringIterator option - (<name> <value>, hit enter to skip): - AgeOffFilter removes entries with timestamps more than <ttl> - milliseconds old - - ----------> set org.apache.accumulo.core.iterators.filter.AgeOffFilter parameter - currentTime, if set, use the given value as the absolute time in - milliseconds as the current time of day: - - ----------> set org.apache.accumulo.core.iterators.filter.AgeOffFilter parameter - ttl, time to live (milliseconds): 30000 - - user@myinstance filtertest> - user@myinstance filtertest> scan - user@myinstance filtertest> insert foo a b c - insert successful - user@myinstance filtertest> scan - foo a:b [] c - - ... wait 30 seconds ... - - user@myinstance filtertest> scan - user@myinstance filtertest> - - -To see the iterator settings for a table, use: - - - user@example filtertest> config -t filtertest -f iterator - ---------+------------------------------------------+------------------ - SCOPE | NAME | VALUE - ---------+------------------------------------------+------------------ - table | table.iterator.majc.myfilter ........... | - 10,org.apache.accumulo.core.iterators.FilteringIterator - table | table.iterator.majc.myfilter.opt.0 ..... | - org.apache.accumulo.core.iterators.filter.AgeOffFilter - table | table.iterator.majc.myfilter.opt.0.ttl . | 30000 - table | table.iterator.minc.myfilter ........... | - 10,org.apache.accumulo.core.iterators.FilteringIterator - table | table.iterator.minc.myfilter.opt.0 ..... | - org.apache.accumulo.core.iterators.filter.AgeOffFilter - table | table.iterator.minc.myfilter.opt.0.ttl . | 30000 - table | table.iterator.scan.myfilter ........... | - 10,org.apache.accumulo.core.iterators.FilteringIterator - table | table.iterator.scan.myfilter.opt.0 ..... | - org.apache.accumulo.core.iterators.filter.AgeOffFilter - table | table.iterator.scan.myfilter.opt.0.ttl . | 30000 - ---------+------------------------------------------+------------------ - - -## <a id="Aggregating_Iterators"></a> Aggregating Iterators - -Accumulo allows aggregating iterators to be configured on tables and column families. When an aggregating iterator is set, the iterator is applied across the values associated with any keys that share rowID, column family, and column qualifier. This is similar to the reduce step in MapReduce, which applied some function to all the values associated with a particular key. - -For example, if an aggregating iterator were configured on a table and the following mutations were inserted: - - - Row Family Qualifier Timestamp Value - rowID1 colfA colqA 20100101 1 - rowID1 colfA colqA 20100102 1 - - -The table would reflect only one aggregate value: - - - rowID1 colfA colqA - 2 - - -Aggregating iterators can be enabled for a table as follows: - - - user@myinstance> createtable perDayCounts -a - day=org.apache.accumulo.core.iterators.aggregation.StringSummation - - user@myinstance perDayCounts> insert row1 day 20080101 1 - user@myinstance perDayCounts> insert row1 day 20080101 1 - user@myinstance perDayCounts> insert row1 day 20080103 1 - user@myinstance perDayCounts> insert row2 day 20080101 1 - user@myinstance perDayCounts> insert row3 day 20080101 1 - - user@myinstance perDayCounts> scan - row1 day:20080101 [] 2 - row1 day:20080103 [] 1 - row2 day:20080101 [] 2 - - -Accumulo includes the following aggregators: - -* **LongSummation**: expects values of type long and adds them. -* **StringSummation**: expects numbers represented as strings and adds them. -* **StringMax**: expects numbers as strings and retains the maximum number inserted. -* **StringMin**: expects numbers as strings and retains the minimum number inserted. - -Additional Aggregators can be added by creating a Java class that implements -**org.apache.accumulo.core.iterators.aggregation.Aggregator** and adding a jar containing that class to Accumulo's lib directory. - -An example of an aggregator can be found under -accumulo/src/examples/main/java/org/apache/accumulo/examples/aggregation/SortedSetAggregator.java - -## <a id="Block_Cache"></a> Block Cache - -In order to increase throughput of commonly accessed entries, Accumulo employs a block cache. This block cache buffers data in memory so that it doesn't have to be read off of disk. The RFile format that Accumulo prefers is a mix of index blocks and data blocks, where the index blocks are used to find the appropriate data blocks. Typical queries to Accumulo result in a binary search over several index blocks followed by a linear scan of one or more data blocks. - -The block cache can be configured on a per-table basis, and all tablets hosted on a tablet server share a single resource pool. To configure the size of the tablet server's block cache, set the following properties: - - - tserver.cache.data.size: Specifies the size of the cache for file data blocks. - tserver.cache.index.size: Specifies the size of the cache for file indices. - - -To enable the block cache for your table, set the following properties: - - - table.cache.block.enable: Determines whether file (data) block cache is enabled. - table.cache.index.enable: Determines whether index cache is enabled. - - -The block cache can have a significant effect on alleviating hot spots, as well as reducing query latency. It is enabled by default for the !METADATA table. - -* * * - -** Next:** [Table Design][2] ** Up:** [Apache Accumulo User Manual Version 1.3][4] ** Previous:** [Writing Accumulo Clients][6] ** [Contents][8]** - -[2]: Table_Design.html -[4]: accumulo_user_manual.html -[6]: Writing_Accumulo_Clients.html -[8]: Contents.html -[9]: Table_Configuration.html#Locality_Groups -[10]: Table_Configuration.html#Constraints -[11]: Table_Configuration.html#Bloom_Filters -[12]: Table_Configuration.html#Iterators -[13]: Table_Configuration.html#Aggregating_Iterators -[14]: Table_Configuration.html#Block_Cache -
