http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/accumulo/blob/a4a45398/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/file/rfile/RFileTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/file/rfile/RFileTest.java 
b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/file/rfile/RFileTest.java
index c700e6b..96f97e7 100644
--- a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/file/rfile/RFileTest.java
+++ b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/file/rfile/RFileTest.java
@@ -245,15 +245,15 @@ public class RFileTest {
     }
   }
 
-  static Key nk(String row, String cf, String cq, String cv, long ts) {
+  static Key newKey(String row, String cf, String cq, String cv, long ts) {
     return new Key(row.getBytes(), cf.getBytes(), cq.getBytes(), 
cv.getBytes(), ts);
   }
 
-  static Value nv(String val) {
+  static Value newValue(String val) {
     return new Value(val.getBytes());
   }
 
-  static String nf(String prefix, int i) {
+  static String formatString(String prefix, int i) {
     return String.format(prefix + "%06d", i);
   }
 
@@ -286,31 +286,31 @@ public class RFileTest {
     TestRFile trf = new TestRFile(conf);
 
     trf.openWriter();
-    trf.writer.append(nk("r1", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), nv("foo"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("r1", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), newValue("foo"));
     trf.closeWriter();
 
     trf.openReader();
     // seek before everything
     trf.seek(null);
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("r1", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55)));
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopValue().equals(nv("foo")));
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("r1", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 
55)));
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopValue().equals(newValue("foo")));
     trf.iter.next();
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
     // seek after the key
-    trf.seek(nk("r2", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55));
+    trf.seek(newKey("r2", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55));
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
     // seek exactly to the key
-    trf.seek(nk("r1", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55));
+    trf.seek(newKey("r1", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55));
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("r1", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55)));
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopValue().equals(nv("foo")));
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("r1", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 
55)));
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopValue().equals(newValue("foo")));
     trf.iter.next();
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
-    assertEquals(nk("r1", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), trf.reader.getLastKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey("r1", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), 
trf.reader.getLastKey());
 
     trf.closeReader();
   }
@@ -330,26 +330,26 @@ public class RFileTest {
     ArrayList<Value> expectedValues = new ArrayList<>(10000);
 
     for (int row = 0; row < 4; row++) {
-      String rowS = nf("r_", row);
+      String rowS = formatString("r_", row);
       for (int cf = 0; cf < 4; cf++) {
-        String cfS = nf("cf_", cf);
+        String cfS = formatString("cf_", cf);
         for (int cq = 0; cq < 4; cq++) {
-          String cqS = nf("cq_", cq);
+          String cqS = formatString("cq_", cq);
           for (int cv = 'A'; cv < 'A' + 4; cv++) {
             String cvS = "" + (char) cv;
             for (int ts = 4; ts > 0; ts--) {
-              Key k = nk(rowS, cfS, cqS, cvS, ts);
+              Key k = newKey(rowS, cfS, cqS, cvS, ts);
               // check below ensures when all key sizes are same more than one 
index block is created
               assertEquals(27, k.getSize());
               k.setDeleted(true);
-              Value v = nv("" + val);
+              Value v = newValue("" + val);
               trf.writer.append(k, v);
               expectedKeys.add(k);
               expectedValues.add(v);
 
-              k = nk(rowS, cfS, cqS, cvS, ts);
+              k = newKey(rowS, cfS, cqS, cvS, ts);
               assertEquals(27, k.getSize());
-              v = nv("" + val);
+              v = newValue("" + val);
               trf.writer.append(k, v);
               expectedKeys.add(k);
               expectedValues.add(v);
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ public class RFileTest {
       }
     }
 
-    // trf.writer.append(nk("r1","cf1","cq1","L1", 55), nv("foo"));
+    // trf.writer.append(newKey("r1","cf1","cq1","L1", 55), newValue("foo"));
     trf.closeWriter();
 
     trf.openReader();
@@ -491,37 +491,37 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
     trf.openWriter();
 
-    trf.writer.append(nk("r1", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), nv("foo1"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("r1", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), newValue("foo1"));
     try {
-      trf.writer.append(nk("r0", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), nv("foo1"));
+      trf.writer.append(newKey("r0", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), 
newValue("foo1"));
       assertFalse(true);
     } catch (IllegalStateException ioe) {
 
     }
 
     try {
-      trf.writer.append(nk("r1", "cf0", "cq1", "L1", 55), nv("foo1"));
+      trf.writer.append(newKey("r1", "cf0", "cq1", "L1", 55), 
newValue("foo1"));
       assertFalse(true);
     } catch (IllegalStateException ioe) {
 
     }
 
     try {
-      trf.writer.append(nk("r1", "cf1", "cq0", "L1", 55), nv("foo1"));
+      trf.writer.append(newKey("r1", "cf1", "cq0", "L1", 55), 
newValue("foo1"));
       assertFalse(true);
     } catch (IllegalStateException ioe) {
 
     }
 
     try {
-      trf.writer.append(nk("r1", "cf1", "cq1", "L0", 55), nv("foo1"));
+      trf.writer.append(newKey("r1", "cf1", "cq1", "L0", 55), 
newValue("foo1"));
       assertFalse(true);
     } catch (IllegalStateException ioe) {
 
     }
 
     try {
-      trf.writer.append(nk("r1", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 56), nv("foo1"));
+      trf.writer.append(newKey("r1", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 56), 
newValue("foo1"));
       assertFalse(true);
     } catch (IllegalStateException ioe) {
 
@@ -534,25 +534,25 @@ public class RFileTest {
     TestRFile trf = new TestRFile(conf);
 
     trf.openWriter();
-    trf.writer.append(nk("r1", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), nv("foo1"));
-    trf.writer.append(nk("r1", "cf1", "cq4", "L1", 56), nv("foo2"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("r1", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), newValue("foo1"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("r1", "cf1", "cq4", "L1", 56), newValue("foo2"));
     trf.closeWriter();
 
     trf.openReader();
 
     // test seeking between keys
-    trf.seek(nk("r1", "cf1", "cq3", "L1", 55));
+    trf.seek(newKey("r1", "cf1", "cq3", "L1", 55));
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk("r1", "cf1", "cq4", "L1", 56), trf.iter.getTopKey());
-    assertEquals(nv("foo2"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertEquals(newKey("r1", "cf1", "cq4", "L1", 56), trf.iter.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newValue("foo2"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
 
     // test seeking right before previous seek
-    trf.seek(nk("r1", "cf1", "cq0", "L1", 55));
+    trf.seek(newKey("r1", "cf1", "cq0", "L1", 55));
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk("r1", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), trf.iter.getTopKey());
-    assertEquals(nv("foo1"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertEquals(newKey("r1", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), trf.iter.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newValue("foo1"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
 
-    assertEquals(nk("r1", "cf1", "cq4", "L1", 56), trf.reader.getLastKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey("r1", "cf1", "cq4", "L1", 56), 
trf.reader.getLastKey());
 
     trf.closeReader();
   }
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
     trf.openWriter();
     for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
-      trf.writer.append(nk(nf("r_", i), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), nv("foo1"));
+      trf.writer.append(newKey(formatString("r_", i), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), 
newValue("foo1"));
     }
 
     trf.closeWriter();
@@ -573,19 +573,19 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
     // repeatedly seek to locations before the first key in the file
     for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-      trf.seek(nk(nf("q_", i), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55));
+      trf.seek(newKey(formatString("q_", i), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55));
       assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-      assertEquals(nk(nf("r_", 0), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), 
trf.iter.getTopKey());
-      assertEquals(nv("foo1"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+      assertEquals(newKey(formatString("r_", 0), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), 
trf.iter.getTopKey());
+      assertEquals(newValue("foo1"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     }
 
     // repeatedly seek to locations after the last key in the file
     for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-      trf.seek(nk(nf("s_", i), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55));
+      trf.seek(newKey(formatString("s_", i), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55));
       assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
     }
 
-    assertEquals(nk(nf("r_", 499), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), 
trf.reader.getLastKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(formatString("r_", 499), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), 
trf.reader.getLastKey());
 
     trf.closeReader();
   }
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
     trf.openWriter();
     for (int i = 2; i < 50; i++) {
-      trf.writer.append(nk(nf("r_", i), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), nv("foo" + 
i));
+      trf.writer.append(newKey(formatString("r_", i), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), 
newValue("foo" + i));
     }
 
     trf.closeWriter();
@@ -606,38 +606,44 @@ public class RFileTest {
     trf.openReader();
 
     // test that has top returns false when end of range reached
-    trf.iter.seek(new Range(nk(nf("r_", 3), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), true, 
nk(nf("r_", 4), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), false), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
+    trf.iter.seek(new Range(newKey(formatString("r_", 3), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 
55), true, newKey(formatString("r_", 4), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), false),
+        EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk(nf("r_", 3), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 
55)));
-    assertEquals(nv("foo" + 3), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey(formatString("r_", 3), 
"cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("foo" + 3), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
     // test seeking to a range that is between two keys, should not return 
anything
-    trf.iter.seek(new Range(nk(nf("r_", 4) + "a", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), 
true, nk(nf("r_", 4) + "b", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), true), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, 
false);
+    trf.iter.seek(new Range(newKey(formatString("r_", 4) + "a", "cf1", "cq1", 
"L1", 55), true, newKey(formatString("r_", 4) + "b", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55),
+        true), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
     // test seeking to another range after the previously seeked range, that 
is between the same two keys in the file
     // as the previously seeked range.... this test an optimization on RFile
-    trf.iter.seek(new Range(nk(nf("r_", 4) + "c", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), 
true, nk(nf("r_", 4) + "d", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), true), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, 
false);
+    trf.iter.seek(new Range(newKey(formatString("r_", 4) + "c", "cf1", "cq1", 
"L1", 55), true, newKey(formatString("r_", 4) + "d", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55),
+        true), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
-    trf.iter.seek(new Range(nk(nf("r_", 4) + "e", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), 
true, nk(nf("r_", 4) + "f", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), true), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, 
false);
+    trf.iter.seek(new Range(newKey(formatString("r_", 4) + "e", "cf1", "cq1", 
"L1", 55), true, newKey(formatString("r_", 4) + "f", "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55),
+        true), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
     // now ensure we can seek somewhere, that triggering the optimization does 
not cause any problems
-    trf.iter.seek(new Range(nk(nf("r_", 5), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), true, 
nk(nf("r_", 6), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), false), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
+    trf.iter.seek(new Range(newKey(formatString("r_", 5), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 
55), true, newKey(formatString("r_", 6), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), false),
+        EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk(nf("r_", 5), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 
55)));
-    assertEquals(nv("foo" + 5), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey(formatString("r_", 5), 
"cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("foo" + 5), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
     // test seeking to range that is before the beginning of the file
-    trf.iter.seek(new Range(nk(nf("r_", 0), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), true, 
nk(nf("r_", 2), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), false), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
+    trf.iter.seek(new Range(newKey(formatString("r_", 0), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 
55), true, newKey(formatString("r_", 2), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), false),
+        EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
-    assertEquals(nk(nf("r_", 49), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), 
trf.reader.getLastKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(formatString("r_", 49), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 55), 
trf.reader.getLastKey());
 
     trf.reader.close();
   }
@@ -649,7 +655,7 @@ public class RFileTest {
     trf.openWriter();
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 2500; i++) {
-      trf.writer.append(nk(nf("r_", i), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 42), nv("foo" + 
i));
+      trf.writer.append(newKey(formatString("r_", i), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 42), 
newValue("foo" + i));
     }
 
     trf.closeWriter();
@@ -657,23 +663,23 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
     // test seeking between each key forward
     for (int i = 0; i < 2499; i++) {
-      trf.seek(nk(nf("r_", i), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 
42).followingKey(PartialKey.ROW));
+      trf.seek(newKey(formatString("r_", i), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 
42).followingKey(PartialKey.ROW));
       assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-      assertEquals(nk(nf("r_", i + 1), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 42), 
trf.iter.getTopKey());
+      assertEquals(newKey(formatString("r_", i + 1), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 42), 
trf.iter.getTopKey());
     }
 
     // test seeking between each key forward
     for (int i = 0; i < 2499; i += 2) {
-      trf.seek(nk(nf("r_", i), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 
42).followingKey(PartialKey.ROW));
+      trf.seek(newKey(formatString("r_", i), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 
42).followingKey(PartialKey.ROW));
       assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-      assertEquals(nk(nf("r_", i + 1), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 42), 
trf.iter.getTopKey());
+      assertEquals(newKey(formatString("r_", i + 1), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 42), 
trf.iter.getTopKey());
     }
 
     // test seeking backwards between each key
     for (int i = 2498; i >= 0; i--) {
-      trf.seek(nk(nf("r_", i), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 
42).followingKey(PartialKey.ROW));
+      trf.seek(newKey(formatString("r_", i), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 
42).followingKey(PartialKey.ROW));
       assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-      assertEquals(nk(nf("r_", i + 1), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 42), 
trf.iter.getTopKey());
+      assertEquals(newKey(formatString("r_", i + 1), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 42), 
trf.iter.getTopKey());
     }
 
     trf.closeReader();
@@ -684,7 +690,7 @@ public class RFileTest {
     trf.openWriter();
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 2500; i++) {
-      trf.writer.append(nk(nf("r_", 0), nf("cf_", i), "cq1", "L1", 42), 
nv("foo" + i));
+      trf.writer.append(newKey(formatString("r_", 0), formatString("cf_", i), 
"cq1", "L1", 42), newValue("foo" + i));
     }
 
     trf.closeWriter();
@@ -692,23 +698,23 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
     // test seeking between each key forward
     for (int i = 0; i < 2499; i++) {
-      trf.seek(nk(nf("r_", 0), nf("cf_", i), "cq1", "L1", 
42).followingKey(PartialKey.ROW_COLFAM));
+      trf.seek(newKey(formatString("r_", 0), formatString("cf_", i), "cq1", 
"L1", 42).followingKey(PartialKey.ROW_COLFAM));
       assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-      assertEquals(nk(nf("r_", 0), nf("cf_", i + 1), "cq1", "L1", 42), 
trf.iter.getTopKey());
+      assertEquals(newKey(formatString("r_", 0), formatString("cf_", i + 1), 
"cq1", "L1", 42), trf.iter.getTopKey());
     }
 
     // test seeking between each key forward
     for (int i = 0; i < 2499; i += 2) {
-      trf.seek(nk(nf("r_", 0), nf("cf_", i), "cq1", "L1", 
42).followingKey(PartialKey.ROW_COLFAM));
+      trf.seek(newKey(formatString("r_", 0), formatString("cf_", i), "cq1", 
"L1", 42).followingKey(PartialKey.ROW_COLFAM));
       assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-      assertEquals(nk(nf("r_", 0), nf("cf_", i + 1), "cq1", "L1", 42), 
trf.iter.getTopKey());
+      assertEquals(newKey(formatString("r_", 0), formatString("cf_", i + 1), 
"cq1", "L1", 42), trf.iter.getTopKey());
     }
 
     // test seeking backwards between each key
     for (int i = 2498; i >= 0; i--) {
-      trf.seek(nk(nf("r_", 0), nf("cf_", i), "cq1", "L1", 
42).followingKey(PartialKey.ROW_COLFAM));
+      trf.seek(newKey(formatString("r_", 0), formatString("cf_", i), "cq1", 
"L1", 42).followingKey(PartialKey.ROW_COLFAM));
       assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-      assertEquals(nk(nf("r_", 0), nf("cf_", i + 1), "cq1", "L1", 42), 
trf.iter.getTopKey());
+      assertEquals(newKey(formatString("r_", 0), formatString("cf_", i + 1), 
"cq1", "L1", 42), trf.iter.getTopKey());
     }
 
     trf.closeReader();
@@ -719,7 +725,7 @@ public class RFileTest {
     trf.openWriter();
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 2500; i++) {
-      trf.writer.append(nk(nf("r_", 0), nf("cf_", 0), nf("cq_", i), "L1", 42), 
nv("foo" + i));
+      trf.writer.append(newKey(formatString("r_", 0), formatString("cf_", 0), 
formatString("cq_", i), "L1", 42), newValue("foo" + i));
     }
 
     trf.closeWriter();
@@ -727,29 +733,29 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
     // test seeking between each key forward
     for (int i = 0; i < 2499; i++) {
-      trf.seek(nk(nf("r_", 0), nf("cf_", 0), nf("cq_", i), "L1", 
42).followingKey(PartialKey.ROW_COLFAM_COLQUAL));
+      trf.seek(newKey(formatString("r_", 0), formatString("cf_", 0), 
formatString("cq_", i), "L1", 42).followingKey(PartialKey.ROW_COLFAM_COLQUAL));
       assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-      assertEquals(nk(nf("r_", 0), nf("cf_", 0), nf("cq_", i + 1), "L1", 42), 
trf.iter.getTopKey());
+      assertEquals(newKey(formatString("r_", 0), formatString("cf_", 0), 
formatString("cq_", i + 1), "L1", 42), trf.iter.getTopKey());
     }
 
     // test seeking between each key forward
     for (int i = 0; i < 2499; i += 2) {
-      trf.seek(nk(nf("r_", 0), nf("cf_", 0), nf("cq_", i), "L1", 
42).followingKey(PartialKey.ROW_COLFAM_COLQUAL));
+      trf.seek(newKey(formatString("r_", 0), formatString("cf_", 0), 
formatString("cq_", i), "L1", 42).followingKey(PartialKey.ROW_COLFAM_COLQUAL));
       assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-      assertEquals(nk(nf("r_", 0), nf("cf_", 0), nf("cq_", i + 1), "L1", 42), 
trf.iter.getTopKey());
+      assertEquals(newKey(formatString("r_", 0), formatString("cf_", 0), 
formatString("cq_", i + 1), "L1", 42), trf.iter.getTopKey());
     }
 
     // test seeking backwards between each key
     for (int i = 2498; i >= 0; i--) {
-      trf.seek(nk(nf("r_", 0), nf("cf_", 0), nf("cq_", i), "L1", 
42).followingKey(PartialKey.ROW_COLFAM_COLQUAL));
+      trf.seek(newKey(formatString("r_", 0), formatString("cf_", 0), 
formatString("cq_", i), "L1", 42).followingKey(PartialKey.ROW_COLFAM_COLQUAL));
       assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-      assertEquals(nk(nf("r_", 0), nf("cf_", 0), nf("cq_", i + 1), "L1", 42), 
trf.iter.getTopKey());
+      assertEquals(newKey(formatString("r_", 0), formatString("cf_", 0), 
formatString("cq_", i + 1), "L1", 42), trf.iter.getTopKey());
     }
 
     trf.closeReader();
   }
 
-  public static Set<ByteSequence> ncfs(String... colFams) {
+  public static Set<ByteSequence> newColFamByteSequence(String... colFams) {
     HashSet<ByteSequence> cfs = new HashSet<>();
 
     for (String cf : colFams) {
@@ -765,135 +771,135 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
     trf.openWriter(false);
 
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", ncfs("cf1", "cf2"));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", newColFamByteSequence("cf1", 
"cf2"));
 
-    trf.writer.append(nk("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), nv("1123 West Left 
st"));
-    trf.writer.append(nk("0002", "cf2", "doe,jane", "", 5), nv("1124 East 
Right st"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), newValue("1123 
West Left st"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("0002", "cf2", "doe,jane", "", 5), newValue("1124 
East Right st"));
 
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg2", ncfs("cf3", "cf4"));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg2", newColFamByteSequence("cf3", 
"cf4"));
 
-    trf.writer.append(nk("0001", "cf3", "buck,john", "", 4), nv("90 Slum st"));
-    trf.writer.append(nk("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), nv("09 Slum st"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("0001", "cf3", "buck,john", "", 4), newValue("90 
Slum st"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), newValue("09 
Slum st"));
 
     trf.writer.close();
 
     trf.openReader();
 
     // scan first loc group
-    Range r = new Range(nk("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), true, nk("0003", 
"cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), true);
-    trf.iter.seek(r, ncfs("cf1", "cf2"), true);
+    Range r = new Range(newKey("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), true, 
newKey("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), true);
+    trf.iter.seek(r, newColFamByteSequence("cf1", "cf2"), true);
     assertEquals(1, trf.reader.getNumLocalityGroupsSeeked());
 
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 
4)));
-    assertEquals(nv("1123 West Left st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", 
"", 4)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("1123 West Left st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0002", "cf2", "doe,jane", "", 
5)));
-    assertEquals(nv("1124 East Right st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0002", "cf2", "doe,jane", 
"", 5)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("1124 East Right st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
     // scan second loc group
-    r = new Range(nk("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), true, nk("0003", 
"cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), true);
-    trf.iter.seek(r, ncfs("cf3", "cf4"), true);
+    r = new Range(newKey("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), true, 
newKey("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), true);
+    trf.iter.seek(r, newColFamByteSequence("cf3", "cf4"), true);
     assertEquals(1, trf.reader.getNumLocalityGroupsSeeked());
 
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0001", "cf3", "buck,john", "", 
4)));
-    assertEquals(nv("90 Slum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0001", "cf3", "buck,john", 
"", 4)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("90 Slum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", "", 
5)));
-    assertEquals(nv("09 Slum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", 
"", 5)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("09 Slum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
     // scan all loc groups
-    r = new Range(nk("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), true, nk("0003", 
"cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), true);
+    r = new Range(newKey("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), true, 
newKey("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), true);
     trf.iter.seek(r, EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
     assertEquals(2, trf.reader.getNumLocalityGroupsSeeked());
 
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 
4)));
-    assertEquals(nv("1123 West Left st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", 
"", 4)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("1123 West Left st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0001", "cf3", "buck,john", "", 
4)));
-    assertEquals(nv("90 Slum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0001", "cf3", "buck,john", 
"", 4)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("90 Slum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0002", "cf2", "doe,jane", "", 
5)));
-    assertEquals(nv("1124 East Right st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0002", "cf2", "doe,jane", 
"", 5)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("1124 East Right st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", "", 
5)));
-    assertEquals(nv("09 Slum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", 
"", 5)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("09 Slum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
     // scan no loc groups
-    r = new Range(nk("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), true, nk("0003", 
"cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), true);
-    trf.iter.seek(r, ncfs("saint", "dogooder"), true);
+    r = new Range(newKey("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), true, 
newKey("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), true);
+    trf.iter.seek(r, newColFamByteSequence("saint", "dogooder"), true);
     assertEquals(0, trf.reader.getNumLocalityGroupsSeeked());
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
     // scan a subset of second locality group
-    r = new Range(nk("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), true, nk("0003", 
"cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), true);
-    trf.iter.seek(r, ncfs("cf4"), true);
+    r = new Range(newKey("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), true, 
newKey("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), true);
+    trf.iter.seek(r, newColFamByteSequence("cf4"), true);
     assertEquals(1, trf.reader.getNumLocalityGroupsSeeked());
 
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", "", 
5)));
-    assertEquals(nv("09 Slum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", 
"", 5)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("09 Slum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
     // scan a subset of second locality group
-    r = new Range(nk("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), true, nk("0003", 
"cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), true);
-    trf.iter.seek(r, ncfs("cf3"), true);
+    r = new Range(newKey("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), true, 
newKey("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), true);
+    trf.iter.seek(r, newColFamByteSequence("cf3"), true);
     assertEquals(1, trf.reader.getNumLocalityGroupsSeeked());
 
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0001", "cf3", "buck,john", "", 
4)));
-    assertEquals(nv("90 Slum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0001", "cf3", "buck,john", 
"", 4)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("90 Slum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
     // scan subset of first loc group
-    r = new Range(nk("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), true, nk("0003", 
"cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), true);
-    trf.iter.seek(r, ncfs("cf1"), true);
+    r = new Range(newKey("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), true, 
newKey("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), true);
+    trf.iter.seek(r, newColFamByteSequence("cf1"), true);
     assertEquals(1, trf.reader.getNumLocalityGroupsSeeked());
 
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 
4)));
-    assertEquals(nv("1123 West Left st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", 
"", 4)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("1123 West Left st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
     // scan subset of first loc group
-    r = new Range(nk("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), true, nk("0003", 
"cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), true);
-    trf.iter.seek(r, ncfs("cf2"), true);
+    r = new Range(newKey("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), true, 
newKey("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), true);
+    trf.iter.seek(r, newColFamByteSequence("cf2"), true);
     assertEquals(1, trf.reader.getNumLocalityGroupsSeeked());
 
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0002", "cf2", "doe,jane", "", 
5)));
-    assertEquals(nv("1124 East Right st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0002", "cf2", "doe,jane", 
"", 5)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("1124 East Right st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
     // scan subset of all loc groups
-    r = new Range(nk("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), true, nk("0003", 
"cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), true);
-    trf.iter.seek(r, ncfs("cf1", "cf4"), true);
+    r = new Range(newKey("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), true, 
newKey("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), true);
+    trf.iter.seek(r, newColFamByteSequence("cf1", "cf4"), true);
     assertEquals(2, trf.reader.getNumLocalityGroupsSeeked());
 
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 
4)));
-    assertEquals(nv("1123 West Left st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", 
"", 4)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("1123 West Left st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", "", 
5)));
-    assertEquals(nv("09 Slum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", 
"", 5)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("09 Slum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
@@ -908,8 +914,8 @@ public class RFileTest {
     TestRFile trf = new TestRFile(conf);
 
     trf.openWriter(false);
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", ncfs("cf1", "cf2"));
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg2", ncfs("cf3", "cf4"));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", newColFamByteSequence("cf1", 
"cf2"));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg2", newColFamByteSequence("cf3", 
"cf4"));
     trf.writer.startDefaultLocalityGroup();
     trf.writer.close();
 
@@ -923,22 +929,22 @@ public class RFileTest {
     trf = new TestRFile(conf);
 
     trf.openWriter(false);
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", ncfs("cf1", "cf2"));
-    trf.writer.append(nk("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), nv("1123 West Left 
st"));
-    trf.writer.append(nk("0002", "cf2", "doe,jane", "", 5), nv("1124 East 
Right st"));
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg2", ncfs("cf3", "cf4"));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", newColFamByteSequence("cf1", 
"cf2"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), newValue("1123 
West Left st"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("0002", "cf2", "doe,jane", "", 5), newValue("1124 
East Right st"));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg2", newColFamByteSequence("cf3", 
"cf4"));
     trf.writer.startDefaultLocalityGroup();
     trf.writer.close();
 
     trf.openReader();
     trf.iter.seek(new Range(new Text(""), null), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 
4)));
-    assertEquals(nv("1123 West Left st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", 
"", 4)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("1123 West Left st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0002", "cf2", "doe,jane", "", 
5)));
-    assertEquals(nv("1124 East Right st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0002", "cf2", "doe,jane", 
"", 5)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("1124 East Right st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
@@ -948,22 +954,22 @@ public class RFileTest {
     trf = new TestRFile(conf);
 
     trf.openWriter(false);
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", ncfs("cf1", "cf2"));
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg2", ncfs("cf3", "cf4"));
-    trf.writer.append(nk("0001", "cf3", "buck,john", "", 4), nv("90 Slum st"));
-    trf.writer.append(nk("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), nv("09 Slum st"));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", newColFamByteSequence("cf1", 
"cf2"));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg2", newColFamByteSequence("cf3", 
"cf4"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("0001", "cf3", "buck,john", "", 4), newValue("90 
Slum st"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", "", 5), newValue("09 
Slum st"));
     trf.writer.startDefaultLocalityGroup();
     trf.writer.close();
 
     trf.openReader();
     trf.iter.seek(new Range(new Text(""), null), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0001", "cf3", "buck,john", "", 
4)));
-    assertEquals(nv("90 Slum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0001", "cf3", "buck,john", 
"", 4)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("90 Slum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", "", 
5)));
-    assertEquals(nv("09 Slum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0003", "cf4", "buck,jane", 
"", 5)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("09 Slum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
@@ -973,22 +979,22 @@ public class RFileTest {
     trf = new TestRFile(conf);
 
     trf.openWriter(false);
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", ncfs("cf1", "cf2"));
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg2", ncfs("cf3", "cf4"));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", newColFamByteSequence("cf1", 
"cf2"));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg2", newColFamByteSequence("cf3", 
"cf4"));
     trf.writer.startDefaultLocalityGroup();
-    trf.writer.append(nk("0007", "good citizen", "q,john", "", 4), nv("70 
Apple st"));
-    trf.writer.append(nk("0008", "model citizen", "q,jane", "", 5), nv("81 
Plum st"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("0007", "good citizen", "q,john", "", 4), 
newValue("70 Apple st"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("0008", "model citizen", "q,jane", "", 5), 
newValue("81 Plum st"));
     trf.writer.close();
 
     trf.openReader();
     trf.iter.seek(new Range(new Text(""), null), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0007", "good citizen", 
"q,john", "", 4)));
-    assertEquals(nv("70 Apple st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0007", "good citizen", 
"q,john", "", 4)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("70 Apple st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0008", "model citizen", 
"q,jane", "", 5)));
-    assertEquals(nv("81 Plum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0008", "model citizen", 
"q,jane", "", 5)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("81 Plum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
@@ -998,32 +1004,32 @@ public class RFileTest {
     trf = new TestRFile(conf);
 
     trf.openWriter(false);
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", ncfs("cf1", "cf2"));
-    trf.writer.append(nk("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), nv("1123 West Left 
st"));
-    trf.writer.append(nk("0002", "cf2", "doe,jane", "", 5), nv("1124 East 
Right st"));
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg2", ncfs("cf3", "cf4"));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", newColFamByteSequence("cf1", 
"cf2"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), newValue("1123 
West Left st"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("0002", "cf2", "doe,jane", "", 5), newValue("1124 
East Right st"));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg2", newColFamByteSequence("cf3", 
"cf4"));
     trf.writer.startDefaultLocalityGroup();
-    trf.writer.append(nk("0007", "good citizen", "q,john", "", 4), nv("70 
Apple st"));
-    trf.writer.append(nk("0008", "model citizen", "q,jane", "", 5), nv("81 
Plum st"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("0007", "good citizen", "q,john", "", 4), 
newValue("70 Apple st"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("0008", "model citizen", "q,jane", "", 5), 
newValue("81 Plum st"));
     trf.writer.close();
 
     trf.openReader();
     trf.iter.seek(new Range(new Text(""), null), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 
4)));
-    assertEquals(nv("1123 West Left st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", 
"", 4)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("1123 West Left st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0002", "cf2", "doe,jane", "", 
5)));
-    assertEquals(nv("1124 East Right st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0002", "cf2", "doe,jane", 
"", 5)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("1124 East Right st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0007", "good citizen", 
"q,john", "", 4)));
-    assertEquals(nv("70 Apple st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0007", "good citizen", 
"q,john", "", 4)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("70 Apple st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0008", "model citizen", 
"q,jane", "", 5)));
-    assertEquals(nv("81 Plum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0008", "model citizen", 
"q,jane", "", 5)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("81 Plum st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
@@ -1037,17 +1043,17 @@ public class RFileTest {
     TestRFile trf = new TestRFile(conf);
 
     trf.openWriter(false);
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", ncfs("3mod10"));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", newColFamByteSequence("3mod10"));
     for (int i = 3; i < 1024; i += 10) {
-      trf.writer.append(nk(nf("i", i), "3mod10", "", "", i + 2), nv("" + i));
+      trf.writer.append(newKey(formatString("i", i), "3mod10", "", "", i + 2), 
newValue("" + i));
     }
 
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg2", ncfs("5mod10", "7mod10"));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg2", newColFamByteSequence("5mod10", 
"7mod10"));
 
     for (int i = 5; i < 1024;) {
-      trf.writer.append(nk(nf("i", i), "5mod10", "", "", i + 2), nv("" + i));
+      trf.writer.append(newKey(formatString("i", i), "5mod10", "", "", i + 2), 
newValue("" + i));
       i += 2;
-      trf.writer.append(nk(nf("i", i), "7mod10", "", "", i + 2), nv("" + i));
+      trf.writer.append(newKey(formatString("i", i), "7mod10", "", "", i + 2), 
newValue("" + i));
       i += 8;
     }
 
@@ -1058,7 +1064,7 @@ public class RFileTest {
       if (m10 == 3 || m10 == 5 || m10 == 7)
         continue;
 
-      trf.writer.append(nk(nf("i", i), m10 + "mod10", "", "", i + 2), nv("" + 
i));
+      trf.writer.append(newKey(formatString("i", i), m10 + "mod10", "", "", i 
+ 2), newValue("" + i));
 
     }
     trf.writer.close();
@@ -1069,26 +1075,26 @@ public class RFileTest {
     assertEquals(3, trf.reader.getNumLocalityGroupsSeeked());
     for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
       assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-      assertEquals(nk(nf("i", i), (i % 10) + "mod10", "", "", i + 2), 
trf.iter.getTopKey());
-      assertEquals(nv("" + i), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+      assertEquals(newKey(formatString("i", i), (i % 10) + "mod10", "", "", i 
+ 2), trf.iter.getTopKey());
+      assertEquals(newValue("" + i), trf.iter.getTopValue());
       trf.iter.next();
     }
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
     // try reading each of the 10 column families separately
     for (int m = 0; m < 10; m++) {
-      trf.iter.seek(new Range(new Key(), true, null, true), ncfs(m + "mod10"), 
true);
+      trf.iter.seek(new Range(new Key(), true, null, true), 
newColFamByteSequence(m + "mod10"), true);
       assertEquals(1, trf.reader.getNumLocalityGroupsSeeked());
       for (int i = m; i < 1024; i += 10) {
         assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-        assertEquals(nk(nf("i", i), (i % 10) + "mod10", "", "", i + 2), 
trf.iter.getTopKey());
-        assertEquals(nv("" + i), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+        assertEquals(newKey(formatString("i", i), (i % 10) + "mod10", "", "", 
i + 2), trf.iter.getTopKey());
+        assertEquals(newValue("" + i), trf.iter.getTopValue());
         trf.iter.next();
       }
       assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
       // test excluding an individual column family
-      trf.iter.seek(new Range(new Key(), true, null, true), ncfs(m + "mod10"), 
false);
+      trf.iter.seek(new Range(new Key(), true, null, true), 
newColFamByteSequence(m + "mod10"), false);
       if (m == 3)
         assertEquals(2, trf.reader.getNumLocalityGroupsSeeked());
       else
@@ -1099,8 +1105,8 @@ public class RFileTest {
           continue;
 
         assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-        assertEquals(nk(nf("i", i), (i % 10) + "mod10", "", "", i + 2), 
trf.iter.getTopKey());
-        assertEquals(nv("" + i), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+        assertEquals(newKey(formatString("i", i), (i % 10) + "mod10", "", "", 
i + 2), trf.iter.getTopKey());
+        assertEquals(newValue("" + i), trf.iter.getTopValue());
         trf.iter.next();
       }
       assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
@@ -1111,20 +1117,20 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
     // try reading from cloned reader at the same time as parent reader
     for (int m = 0; m < 9; m++) {
-      trf.iter.seek(new Range(new Key(), true, null, true), ncfs(m + "mod10"), 
true);
+      trf.iter.seek(new Range(new Key(), true, null, true), 
newColFamByteSequence(m + "mod10"), true);
       assertEquals(1, trf.reader.getNumLocalityGroupsSeeked());
-      reader2.seek(new Range(new Key(), true, null, true), ncfs((m + 1) + 
"mod10"), true);
+      reader2.seek(new Range(new Key(), true, null, true), 
newColFamByteSequence((m + 1) + "mod10"), true);
       // assertEquals(1, reader2.getNumLocalityGroupsSeeked());
       for (int i = m; i < 1024; i += 10) {
         // System.out.println(m+","+i);
         assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-        assertEquals(nk(nf("i", i), (i % 10) + "mod10", "", "", i + 2), 
trf.iter.getTopKey());
-        assertEquals(nv("" + i), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+        assertEquals(newKey(formatString("i", i), (i % 10) + "mod10", "", "", 
i + 2), trf.iter.getTopKey());
+        assertEquals(newValue("" + i), trf.iter.getTopValue());
         trf.iter.next();
         if (i + 1 < 1024) {
           assertTrue(reader2.hasTop());
-          assertEquals(nk(nf("i", (i + 1)), ((i + 1) % 10) + "mod10", "", "", 
i + 3), reader2.getTopKey());
-          assertEquals(nv("" + (i + 1)), reader2.getTopValue());
+          assertEquals(newKey(formatString("i", (i + 1)), ((i + 1) % 10) + 
"mod10", "", "", i + 3), reader2.getTopKey());
+          assertEquals(newValue("" + (i + 1)), reader2.getTopValue());
           reader2.next();
         }
       }
@@ -1143,12 +1149,12 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
     trf.openWriter(false);
 
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", ncfs("a", "b"));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", newColFamByteSequence("a", "b"));
 
-    trf.writer.append(nk("0007", "a", "cq1", "", 4), nv("1"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("0007", "a", "cq1", "", 4), newValue("1"));
 
     try {
-      trf.writer.append(nk("0009", "c", "cq1", "", 4), nv("1"));
+      trf.writer.append(newKey("0009", "c", "cq1", "", 4), newValue("1"));
       assertFalse(true);
     } catch (IllegalArgumentException ioe) {
 
@@ -1160,8 +1166,8 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
     trf.iter.seek(new Range(), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk("0007", "a", "cq1", "", 4), trf.iter.getTopKey());
-    assertEquals(nv("1"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertEquals(newKey("0007", "a", "cq1", "", 4), trf.iter.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newValue("1"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
@@ -1176,21 +1182,21 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
     trf.openWriter(false);
 
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", ncfs("a", "b"));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", newColFamByteSequence("a", "b"));
 
-    trf.writer.append(nk("0007", "a", "cq1", "", 4), nv("1"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("0007", "a", "cq1", "", 4), newValue("1"));
 
     trf.writer.startDefaultLocalityGroup();
 
     try {
-      trf.writer.append(nk("0008", "a", "cq1", "", 4), nv("1"));
+      trf.writer.append(newKey("0008", "a", "cq1", "", 4), newValue("1"));
       assertFalse(true);
     } catch (IllegalArgumentException ioe) {
 
     }
 
     try {
-      trf.writer.append(nk("0009", "b", "cq1", "", 4), nv("1"));
+      trf.writer.append(newKey("0009", "b", "cq1", "", 4), newValue("1"));
       assertFalse(true);
     } catch (IllegalArgumentException ioe) {
 
@@ -1202,8 +1208,8 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
     trf.iter.seek(new Range(), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk("0007", "a", "cq1", "", 4), trf.iter.getTopKey());
-    assertEquals(nv("1"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertEquals(newKey("0007", "a", "cq1", "", 4), trf.iter.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newValue("1"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
@@ -1219,7 +1225,7 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
     trf.writer.startDefaultLocalityGroup();
     try {
-      trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", ncfs("a", "b"));
+      trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", newColFamByteSequence("a", "b"));
       assertFalse(true);
     } catch (IllegalStateException ioe) {
 
@@ -1241,11 +1247,11 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
     trf.openWriter(false);
 
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", ncfs("a", "b"));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", newColFamByteSequence("a", "b"));
 
-    trf.writer.append(nk("0007", "a", "cq1", "", 4), nv("1"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("0007", "a", "cq1", "", 4), newValue("1"));
     try {
-      trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", ncfs("b", "c"));
+      trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", newColFamByteSequence("b", "c"));
       assertFalse(true);
     } catch (IllegalArgumentException ioe) {
 
@@ -1266,11 +1272,11 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
     trf.writer.startDefaultLocalityGroup();
     for (int i = 0; i < 2048; i++) {
-      trf.writer.append(nk("r0000", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), nv("" + i));
+      trf.writer.append(newKey("r0000", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), newValue("" + 
i));
     }
 
     for (int i = 2048; i < 4096; i++) {
-      trf.writer.append(nk("r0001", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), nv("" + i));
+      trf.writer.append(newKey("r0001", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), newValue("" + 
i));
     }
 
     trf.writer.close();
@@ -1286,55 +1292,55 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
     assertTrue(count > 4);
 
-    trf.iter.seek(new Range(nk("r0000", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), true, 
nk("r0001", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), false), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
+    trf.iter.seek(new Range(newKey("r0000", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), true, 
newKey("r0001", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), false), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 2048; i++) {
       assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-      assertEquals(nk("r0000", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), trf.iter.getTopKey());
-      assertEquals(nv("" + i), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+      assertEquals(newKey("r0000", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), trf.iter.getTopKey());
+      assertEquals(newValue("" + i), trf.iter.getTopValue());
       trf.iter.next();
     }
 
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
-    trf.iter.seek(new Range(nk("r0000", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), false, 
nk("r0001", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), true), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
+    trf.iter.seek(new Range(newKey("r0000", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), false, 
newKey("r0001", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), true), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     for (int i = 2048; i < 4096; i++) {
       assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-      assertEquals(nk("r0001", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), trf.iter.getTopKey());
-      assertEquals(nv("" + i), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+      assertEquals(newKey("r0001", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), trf.iter.getTopKey());
+      assertEquals(newValue("" + i), trf.iter.getTopValue());
       trf.iter.next();
     }
 
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
-    trf.iter.seek(new Range(nk("r0001", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), true, 
nk("r0001", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), true), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
+    trf.iter.seek(new Range(newKey("r0001", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), true, 
newKey("r0001", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), true), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     for (int i = 2048; i < 4096; i++) {
       assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-      assertEquals(nk("r0001", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), trf.iter.getTopKey());
-      assertEquals(nv("" + i), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+      assertEquals(newKey("r0001", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), trf.iter.getTopKey());
+      assertEquals(newValue("" + i), trf.iter.getTopValue());
       trf.iter.next();
     }
 
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
-    trf.iter.seek(new Range(nk("r0002", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), true, 
nk("r0002", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), true), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
+    trf.iter.seek(new Range(newKey("r0002", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), true, 
newKey("r0002", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), true), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
     trf.iter.seek(new Range((Key) null, null), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 2048; i++) {
       assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-      assertEquals(nk("r0000", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), trf.iter.getTopKey());
-      assertEquals(nv("" + i), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+      assertEquals(newKey("r0000", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), trf.iter.getTopKey());
+      assertEquals(newValue("" + i), trf.iter.getTopValue());
       trf.iter.next();
     }
 
     for (int i = 2048; i < 4096; i++) {
       assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-      assertEquals(nk("r0001", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), trf.iter.getTopKey());
-      assertEquals(nv("" + i), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+      assertEquals(newKey("r0001", "cf1", "cq1", "", 1), trf.iter.getTopKey());
+      assertEquals(newValue("" + i), trf.iter.getTopValue());
       trf.iter.next();
     }
 
@@ -1347,7 +1353,7 @@ public class RFileTest {
     return String.format("cf%06d", i);
   }
 
-  private Set<ByteSequence> t18ncfs(int... colFams) {
+  private Set<ByteSequence> t18newColFamByteSequence(int... colFams) {
     HashSet<ByteSequence> cfs = new HashSet<>();
     for (int i : colFams) {
       cfs.add(new ArrayByteSequence(t18ncf(i)));
@@ -1358,7 +1364,7 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
   private void t18Append(TestRFile trf, HashSet<ByteSequence> allCf, int i) 
throws IOException {
     String cf = t18ncf(i);
-    trf.writer.append(nk("r0000", cf, "cq1", "", 1), nv("" + i));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("r0000", cf, "cq1", "", 1), newValue("" + i));
     allCf.add(new ArrayByteSequence(cf));
   }
 
@@ -1403,15 +1409,15 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
     HashSet<ByteSequence> allCf = new HashSet<>();
 
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", t18ncfs(0));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", t18newColFamByteSequence(0));
     for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++)
       t18Append(trf, allCf, i);
 
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg2", t18ncfs(1, 2));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg2", t18newColFamByteSequence(1, 2));
     for (int i = 1; i < 3; i++)
       t18Append(trf, allCf, i);
 
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg3", t18ncfs(3, 4, 5));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg3", t18newColFamByteSequence(3, 4, 5));
     for (int i = 3; i < 6; i++)
       t18Append(trf, allCf, i);
 
@@ -1425,22 +1431,22 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
     trf.openReader();
 
-    t18Verify(t18ncfs(0), trf.iter, trf.reader, allCf, 1, 3);
+    t18Verify(t18newColFamByteSequence(0), trf.iter, trf.reader, allCf, 1, 3);
     for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++)
-      t18Verify(t18ncfs(i), trf.iter, trf.reader, allCf, 1, 4);
+      t18Verify(t18newColFamByteSequence(i), trf.iter, trf.reader, allCf, 1, 
4);
 
-    t18Verify(t18ncfs(max + 1), trf.iter, trf.reader, allCf, 1, 4);
+    t18Verify(t18newColFamByteSequence(max + 1), trf.iter, trf.reader, allCf, 
1, 4);
 
-    t18Verify(t18ncfs(1, 2, 3, 4), trf.iter, trf.reader, allCf, 2, 3);
-    t18Verify(t18ncfs(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), trf.iter, trf.reader, allCf, 2, 2);
+    t18Verify(t18newColFamByteSequence(1, 2, 3, 4), trf.iter, trf.reader, 
allCf, 2, 3);
+    t18Verify(t18newColFamByteSequence(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), trf.iter, trf.reader, 
allCf, 2, 2);
 
-    t18Verify(t18ncfs(0, 1, 2, 3, 4), trf.iter, trf.reader, allCf, 3, 2);
-    t18Verify(t18ncfs(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), trf.iter, trf.reader, allCf, 3, 1);
-    t18Verify(t18ncfs(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), trf.iter, trf.reader, allCf, 4, 1);
+    t18Verify(t18newColFamByteSequence(0, 1, 2, 3, 4), trf.iter, trf.reader, 
allCf, 3, 2);
+    t18Verify(t18newColFamByteSequence(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), trf.iter, 
trf.reader, allCf, 3, 1);
+    t18Verify(t18newColFamByteSequence(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), trf.iter, 
trf.reader, allCf, 4, 1);
 
-    t18Verify(t18ncfs(0, 1), trf.iter, trf.reader, allCf, 2, 3);
-    t18Verify(t18ncfs(2, 3), trf.iter, trf.reader, allCf, 2, 4);
-    t18Verify(t18ncfs(5, 6), trf.iter, trf.reader, allCf, 2, 4);
+    t18Verify(t18newColFamByteSequence(0, 1), trf.iter, trf.reader, allCf, 2, 
3);
+    t18Verify(t18newColFamByteSequence(2, 3), trf.iter, trf.reader, allCf, 2, 
4);
+    t18Verify(t18newColFamByteSequence(5, 6), trf.iter, trf.reader, allCf, 2, 
4);
 
     trf.closeReader();
   }
@@ -1453,10 +1459,10 @@ public class RFileTest {
     trf.openWriter(false);
 
     trf.openWriter(false);
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", ncfs("cf1", "cf2"));
-    trf.writer.append(nk("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), nv("1123 West Left 
st"));
-    trf.writer.append(nk("0002", "cf2", "doe,jane", "", 5), nv("1124 East 
Right st"));
-    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg2", ncfs("cf3", "cf4"));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg1", newColFamByteSequence("cf1", 
"cf2"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 4), newValue("1123 
West Left st"));
+    trf.writer.append(newKey("0002", "cf2", "doe,jane", "", 5), newValue("1124 
East Right st"));
+    trf.writer.startNewLocalityGroup("lg2", newColFamByteSequence("cf3", 
"cf4"));
 
     DataOutputStream dos = trf.writer.createMetaStore("count");
 
@@ -1475,8 +1481,8 @@ public class RFileTest {
     trf.iter.seek(new Range(), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", "", 
4)));
-    assertEquals(nv("1123 West Left st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0000", "cf1", "doe,john", 
"", 4)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("1123 West Left st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
 
     DataInputStream in = trf.reader.getMetaStore("count");
@@ -1490,8 +1496,8 @@ public class RFileTest {
     in.close();
 
     assertTrue(trf.iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(nk("0002", "cf2", "doe,jane", "", 
5)));
-    assertEquals(nv("1124 East Right st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
+    assertTrue(trf.iter.getTopKey().equals(newKey("0002", "cf2", "doe,jane", 
"", 5)));
+    assertEquals(newValue("1124 East Right st"), trf.iter.getTopValue());
     trf.iter.next();
     assertFalse(trf.iter.hasTop());
 
@@ -1505,7 +1511,7 @@ public class RFileTest {
     trf.openWriter();
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 2500; i++) {
-      trf.writer.append(nk(nf("r_", i), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 42), nv("foo" + 
i));
+      trf.writer.append(newKey(formatString("r_", i), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 42), 
newValue("foo" + i));
     }
 
     trf.closeWriter();
@@ -1518,7 +1524,7 @@ public class RFileTest {
     for (int count = 0; count < 100; count++) {
 
       int start = rand.nextInt(2300);
-      Range range = new Range(nk(nf("r_", start), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 42), 
nk(nf("r_", start + 100), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 42));
+      Range range = new Range(newKey(formatString("r_", start), "cf1", "cq1", 
"L1", 42), newKey(formatString("r_", start + 100), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 42));
 
       trf.reader.seek(range, cfs, false);
 
@@ -1526,24 +1532,24 @@ public class RFileTest {
 
       for (int j = 0; j < numToScan; j++) {
         assertTrue(trf.reader.hasTop());
-        assertEquals(nk(nf("r_", start + j), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 42), 
trf.reader.getTopKey());
+        assertEquals(newKey(formatString("r_", start + j), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 
42), trf.reader.getTopKey());
         trf.reader.next();
       }
 
       assertTrue(trf.reader.hasTop());
-      assertEquals(nk(nf("r_", start + numToScan), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 42), 
trf.reader.getTopKey());
+      assertEquals(newKey(formatString("r_", start + numToScan), "cf1", "cq1", 
"L1", 42), trf.reader.getTopKey());
 
       // seek a little forward from the last range and read a few keys within 
the unconsumed portion of the last range
 
       int start2 = start + numToScan + rand.nextInt(3);
       int end2 = start2 + rand.nextInt(3);
 
-      range = new Range(nk(nf("r_", start2), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 42), 
nk(nf("r_", end2), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 42));
+      range = new Range(newKey(formatString("r_", start2), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 
42), newKey(formatString("r_", end2), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 42));
       trf.reader.seek(range, cfs, false);
 
       for (int j = start2; j <= end2; j++) {
         assertTrue(trf.reader.hasTop());
-        assertEquals(nk(nf("r_", j), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 42), 
trf.reader.getTopKey());
+        assertEquals(newKey(formatString("r_", j), "cf1", "cq1", "L1", 42), 
trf.reader.getTopKey());
         trf.reader.next();
       }
 
@@ -1587,14 +1593,14 @@ public class RFileTest {
     for (int start : new int[] {0, 10, 100, 998}) {
       for (int cf = 1; cf <= 4; cf++) {
         if (start == 0)
-          iter.seek(new Range(), ncfs(nf("cf_", cf)), true);
+          iter.seek(new Range(), newColFamByteSequence(formatString("cf_", 
cf)), true);
         else
-          iter.seek(new Range(nf("r_", start), null), ncfs(nf("cf_", cf)), 
true);
+          iter.seek(new Range(formatString("r_", start), null), 
newColFamByteSequence(formatString("cf_", cf)), true);
 
         for (int i = start; i < 1000; i++) {
           assertTrue(iter.hasTop());
-          assertEquals(nk(nf("r_", i), nf("cf_", cf), nf("cq_", 0), "", 1000 - 
i), iter.getTopKey());
-          assertEquals(nv(i + ""), iter.getTopValue());
+          assertEquals(newKey(formatString("r_", i), formatString("cf_", cf), 
formatString("cq_", 0), "", 1000 - i), iter.getTopKey());
+          assertEquals(newValue(i + ""), iter.getTopValue());
           iter.next();
         }
 
@@ -1602,15 +1608,15 @@ public class RFileTest {
       }
 
       if (start == 0)
-        iter.seek(new Range(), ncfs(), false);
+        iter.seek(new Range(), newColFamByteSequence(), false);
       else
-        iter.seek(new Range(nf("r_", start), null), ncfs(), false);
+        iter.seek(new Range(formatString("r_", start), null), 
newColFamByteSequence(), false);
 
       for (int i = start; i < 1000; i++) {
         for (int cf = 1; cf <= 4; cf++) {
           assertTrue(iter.hasTop());
-          assertEquals(nk(nf("r_", i), nf("cf_", cf), nf("cq_", 0), "", 1000 - 
i), iter.getTopKey());
-          assertEquals(nv(i + ""), iter.getTopValue());
+          assertEquals(newKey(formatString("r_", i), formatString("cf_", cf), 
formatString("cq_", 0), "", 1000 - i), iter.getTopKey());
+          assertEquals(newValue(i + ""), iter.getTopValue());
           iter.next();
         }
       }

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/accumulo/blob/a4a45398/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/file/rfile/RelativeKeyTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/file/rfile/RelativeKeyTest.java 
b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/file/rfile/RelativeKeyTest.java
index 5e839e0..e6dfa9b 100644
--- 
a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/file/rfile/RelativeKeyTest.java
+++ 
b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/file/rfile/RelativeKeyTest.java
@@ -128,17 +128,17 @@ public class RelativeKeyTest {
     Key prev = null;
     int val = 0;
     for (int row = 0; row < 4; row++) {
-      String rowS = RFileTest.nf("r_", row);
+      String rowS = RFileTest.formatString("r_", row);
       for (int cf = 0; cf < 4; cf++) {
-        String cfS = RFileTest.nf("cf_", cf);
+        String cfS = RFileTest.formatString("cf_", cf);
         for (int cq = 0; cq < 4; cq++) {
-          String cqS = RFileTest.nf("cq_", cq);
+          String cqS = RFileTest.formatString("cq_", cq);
           for (int cv = 'A'; cv < 'A' + 4; cv++) {
             String cvS = "" + (char) cv;
             for (int ts = 4; ts > 0; ts--) {
-              Key k = RFileTest.nk(rowS, cfS, cqS, cvS, ts);
+              Key k = RFileTest.newKey(rowS, cfS, cqS, cvS, ts);
               k.setDeleted(true);
-              Value v = RFileTest.nv("" + val);
+              Value v = RFileTest.newValue("" + val);
               expectedPositions.add(out.size());
               new RelativeKey(prev, k).write(out);
               prev = k;
@@ -146,8 +146,8 @@ public class RelativeKeyTest {
               expectedKeys.add(k);
               expectedValues.add(v);
 
-              k = RFileTest.nk(rowS, cfS, cqS, cvS, ts);
-              v = RFileTest.nv("" + val);
+              k = RFileTest.newKey(rowS, cfS, cqS, cvS, ts);
+              v = RFileTest.newValue("" + val);
               expectedPositions.add(out.size());
               new RelativeKey(prev, k).write(out);
               prev = k;

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/accumulo/blob/a4a45398/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/iterators/AggregatingIteratorTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/iterators/AggregatingIteratorTest.java
 
b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/iterators/AggregatingIteratorTest.java
index 09064a5..8ee8497 100644
--- 
a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/iterators/AggregatingIteratorTest.java
+++ 
b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/iterators/AggregatingIteratorTest.java
@@ -69,31 +69,31 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
 
   }
 
-  static Key nk(int row, int colf, int colq, long ts, boolean deleted) {
-    Key k = nk(row, colf, colq, ts);
+  static Key newKey(int row, int colf, int colq, long ts, boolean deleted) {
+    Key k = newKey(row, colf, colq, ts);
     k.setDeleted(true);
     return k;
   }
 
-  static Key nk(int row, int colf, int colq, long ts) {
-    return new Key(nr(row), new Text(String.format("cf%03d", colf)), new 
Text(String.format("cq%03d", colq)), ts);
+  static Key newKey(int row, int colf, int colq, long ts) {
+    return new Key(newRow(row), new Text(String.format("cf%03d", colf)), new 
Text(String.format("cq%03d", colq)), ts);
   }
 
-  static Range nr(int row, int colf, int colq, long ts, boolean inclusive) {
-    return new Range(nk(row, colf, colq, ts), inclusive, null, true);
+  static Range newRow(int row, int colf, int colq, long ts, boolean inclusive) 
{
+    return new Range(newKey(row, colf, colq, ts), inclusive, null, true);
   }
 
-  static Range nr(int row, int colf, int colq, long ts) {
-    return nr(row, colf, colq, ts, true);
+  static Range newRow(int row, int colf, int colq, long ts) {
+    return newRow(row, colf, colq, ts, true);
   }
 
-  static void nkv(TreeMap<Key,Value> tm, int row, int colf, int colq, long ts, 
boolean deleted, String val) {
-    Key k = nk(row, colf, colq, ts);
+  static void newKeyValue(TreeMap<Key,Value> tm, int row, int colf, int colq, 
long ts, boolean deleted, String val) {
+    Key k = newKey(row, colf, colq, ts);
     k.setDeleted(deleted);
     tm.put(k, new Value(val.getBytes()));
   }
 
-  static Text nr(int row) {
+  static Text newRow(int row) {
     return new Text(String.format("r%03d", row));
   }
 
@@ -104,9 +104,9 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
     TreeMap<Key,Value> tm1 = new TreeMap<>();
 
     // keys that do not aggregate
-    nkv(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 1, false, "2");
-    nkv(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 2, false, "3");
-    nkv(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 3, false, "4");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 1, false, "2");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 2, false, "3");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 3, false, "4");
 
     AggregatingIterator ai = new AggregatingIterator();
 
@@ -115,19 +115,19 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
     ai.seek(new Range(), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(1, 1, 1, 3), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(1, 1, 1, 3), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("4", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     ai.next();
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(1, 1, 1, 2), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(1, 1, 1, 2), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("3", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     ai.next();
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(1, 1, 1, 1), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(1, 1, 1, 1), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("2", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     ai.next();
@@ -136,16 +136,16 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
 
     // try seeking
 
-    ai.seek(nr(1, 1, 1, 2), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
+    ai.seek(newRow(1, 1, 1, 2), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(1, 1, 1, 2), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(1, 1, 1, 2), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("3", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     ai.next();
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(1, 1, 1, 1), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(1, 1, 1, 1), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("2", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     ai.next();
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
     assertFalse(ai.hasTop());
 
     // seek after everything
-    ai.seek(nr(1, 1, 1, 0), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
+    ai.seek(newRow(1, 1, 1, 0), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertFalse(ai.hasTop());
 
@@ -165,9 +165,9 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
     TreeMap<Key,Value> tm1 = new TreeMap<>();
 
     // keys that aggregate
-    nkv(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 1, false, "2");
-    nkv(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 2, false, "3");
-    nkv(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 3, false, "4");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 1, false, "2");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 2, false, "3");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 3, false, "4");
 
     AggregatingIterator ai = new AggregatingIterator();
 
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
     ai.seek(new Range(), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(1, 1, 1, 3), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(1, 1, 1, 3), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("9", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     ai.next();
@@ -188,10 +188,10 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
 
     // try seeking to the beginning of a key that aggregates
 
-    ai.seek(nr(1, 1, 1, 3), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
+    ai.seek(newRow(1, 1, 1, 3), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(1, 1, 1, 3), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(1, 1, 1, 3), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("9", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     ai.next();
@@ -199,20 +199,20 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
     assertFalse(ai.hasTop());
 
     // try seeking the middle of a key the aggregates
-    ai.seek(nr(1, 1, 1, 2), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
+    ai.seek(newRow(1, 1, 1, 2), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertFalse(ai.hasTop());
 
     // try seeking to the end of a key the aggregates
-    ai.seek(nr(1, 1, 1, 1), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
+    ai.seek(newRow(1, 1, 1, 1), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertFalse(ai.hasTop());
 
     // try seeking before a key the aggregates
-    ai.seek(nr(1, 1, 1, 4), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
+    ai.seek(newRow(1, 1, 1, 4), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(1, 1, 1, 3), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(1, 1, 1, 3), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("9", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     ai.next();
@@ -227,13 +227,13 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
     TreeMap<Key,Value> tm1 = new TreeMap<>();
 
     // keys that aggregate
-    nkv(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 1, false, "2");
-    nkv(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 2, false, "3");
-    nkv(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 3, false, "4");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 1, false, "2");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 2, false, "3");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 3, false, "4");
 
     // keys that do not aggregate
-    nkv(tm1, 2, 2, 1, 1, false, "2");
-    nkv(tm1, 2, 2, 1, 2, false, "3");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 2, 2, 1, 1, false, "2");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 2, 2, 1, 2, false, "3");
 
     AggregatingIterator ai = new AggregatingIterator();
 
@@ -245,19 +245,19 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
     ai.seek(new Range(), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(1, 1, 1, 3), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(1, 1, 1, 3), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("9", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     ai.next();
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(2, 2, 1, 2), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(2, 2, 1, 2), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("3", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     ai.next();
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(2, 2, 1, 1), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(2, 2, 1, 1), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("2", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     ai.next();
@@ -265,23 +265,23 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
     assertFalse(ai.hasTop());
 
     // seek after key that aggregates
-    ai.seek(nr(1, 1, 1, 2), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
+    ai.seek(newRow(1, 1, 1, 2), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(2, 2, 1, 2), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(2, 2, 1, 2), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("3", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     // seek before key that aggregates
-    ai.seek(nr(1, 1, 1, 4), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
+    ai.seek(newRow(1, 1, 1, 4), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(1, 1, 1, 3), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(1, 1, 1, 3), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("9", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     ai.next();
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(2, 2, 1, 2), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(2, 2, 1, 2), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("3", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
   }
@@ -293,16 +293,16 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
     TreeMap<Key,Value> tm1 = new TreeMap<>();
 
     // keys that do not aggregate
-    nkv(tm1, 0, 0, 1, 1, false, "7");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 0, 0, 1, 1, false, "7");
 
     // keys that aggregate
-    nkv(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 1, false, "2");
-    nkv(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 2, false, "3");
-    nkv(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 3, false, "4");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 1, false, "2");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 2, false, "3");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 3, false, "4");
 
     // keys that do not aggregate
-    nkv(tm1, 2, 2, 1, 1, false, "2");
-    nkv(tm1, 2, 2, 1, 2, false, "3");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 2, 2, 1, 1, false, "2");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 2, 2, 1, 2, false, "3");
 
     AggregatingIterator ai = new AggregatingIterator();
 
@@ -314,25 +314,25 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
     ai.seek(new Range(), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(0, 0, 1, 1), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(0, 0, 1, 1), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("7", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     ai.next();
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(1, 1, 1, 3), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(1, 1, 1, 3), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("9", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     ai.next();
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(2, 2, 1, 2), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(2, 2, 1, 2), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("3", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     ai.next();
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(2, 2, 1, 1), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(2, 2, 1, 1), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("2", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     ai.next();
@@ -340,23 +340,23 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
     assertFalse(ai.hasTop());
 
     // seek test
-    ai.seek(nr(0, 0, 1, 0), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
+    ai.seek(newRow(0, 0, 1, 0), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(1, 1, 1, 3), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(1, 1, 1, 3), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("9", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     ai.next();
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(2, 2, 1, 2), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(2, 2, 1, 2), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("3", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     // seek after key that aggregates
-    ai.seek(nr(1, 1, 1, 2), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
+    ai.seek(newRow(1, 1, 1, 2), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(2, 2, 1, 2), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(2, 2, 1, 2), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("3", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
   }
@@ -368,13 +368,13 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
     // the exact same keys w/ different values
 
     TreeMap<Key,Value> tm1 = new TreeMap<>();
-    nkv(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 1, false, "2");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 1, false, "2");
 
     TreeMap<Key,Value> tm2 = new TreeMap<>();
-    nkv(tm2, 1, 1, 1, 1, false, "3");
+    newKeyValue(tm2, 1, 1, 1, 1, false, "3");
 
     TreeMap<Key,Value> tm3 = new TreeMap<>();
-    nkv(tm3, 1, 1, 1, 1, false, "4");
+    newKeyValue(tm3, 1, 1, 1, 1, false, "4");
 
     AggregatingIterator ai = new AggregatingIterator();
     Map<String,String> opts = new HashMap<>();
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
     ai.seek(new Range(), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(1, 1, 1, 1), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(1, 1, 1, 1), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("9", ai.getTopValue().toString());
   }
 
@@ -400,9 +400,9 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
     TreeMap<Key,Value> tm1 = new TreeMap<>();
 
     // keys that aggregate
-    nkv(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 1, false, "2");
-    nkv(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 2, false, "3");
-    nkv(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 3, false, "4");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 1, false, "2");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 2, false, "3");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 3, false, "4");
 
     AggregatingIterator ai = new AggregatingIterator();
 
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
 
     // try seeking to the beginning of a key that aggregates
 
-    ai.seek(nr(1, 1, 1, 3, false), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
+    ai.seek(newRow(1, 1, 1, 3, false), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertFalse(ai.hasTop());
 
@@ -427,9 +427,9 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
 
     TreeMap<Key,Value> tm1 = new TreeMap<>();
 
-    nkv(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 2, true, "");
-    nkv(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 3, false, "4");
-    nkv(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 4, false, "3");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 2, true, "");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 3, false, "4");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 4, false, "3");
 
     AggregatingIterator ai = new AggregatingIterator();
 
@@ -439,29 +439,29 @@ public class AggregatingIteratorTest {
 
     ai.init(new SortedMapIterator(tm1), opts, new 
DefaultIteratorEnvironment());
 
-    ai.seek(nr(1, 1, 1, 4, true), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
+    ai.seek(newRow(1, 1, 1, 4, true), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(1, 1, 1, 4), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(1, 1, 1, 4), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("7", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     ai.next();
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(1, 1, 1, 2, true), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(1, 1, 1, 2, true), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     ai.next();
     assertFalse(ai.hasTop());
 
     tm1 = new TreeMap<>();
-    nkv(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 2, true, "");
+    newKeyValue(tm1, 1, 1, 1, 2, true, "");
     ai = new AggregatingIterator();
     ai.init(new SortedMapIterator(tm1), opts, new 
DefaultIteratorEnvironment());
 
-    ai.seek(nr(1, 1, 1, 4, true), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
+    ai.seek(newRow(1, 1, 1, 4, true), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertTrue(ai.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(1, 1, 1, 2, true), ai.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(1, 1, 1, 2, true), ai.getTopKey());
     assertEquals("", ai.getTopValue().toString());
 
     ai.next();

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/accumulo/blob/a4a45398/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/iterators/FirstEntryInRowTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/iterators/FirstEntryInRowTest.java
 
b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/iterators/FirstEntryInRowTest.java
index 9a5174b..63bc2f4 100644
--- 
a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/iterators/FirstEntryInRowTest.java
+++ 
b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/iterators/FirstEntryInRowTest.java
@@ -37,16 +37,16 @@ public class FirstEntryInRowTest {
   private static final Map<String,String> EMPTY_MAP = new HashMap<>();
   private static final Collection<ByteSequence> EMPTY_SET = new HashSet<>();
 
-  private Key nk(String row, String cf, String cq, long time) {
+  private Key newKey(String row, String cf, String cq, long time) {
     return new Key(new Text(row), new Text(cf), new Text(cq), time);
   }
 
-  private Key nk(int row, int cf, int cq, long time) {
-    return nk(String.format("%06d", row), String.format("%06d", cf), 
String.format("%06d", cq), time);
+  private Key newKey(int row, int cf, int cq, long time) {
+    return newKey(String.format("%06d", row), String.format("%06d", cf), 
String.format("%06d", cq), time);
   }
 
   private void put(TreeMap<Key,Value> tm, String row, String cf, String cq, 
long time, Value val) {
-    tm.put(nk(row, cf, cq, time), val);
+    tm.put(newKey(row, cf, cq, time), val);
   }
 
   private void put(TreeMap<Key,Value> tm, String row, String cf, String cq, 
long time, String val) {
@@ -54,19 +54,19 @@ public class FirstEntryInRowTest {
   }
 
   private void put(TreeMap<Key,Value> tm, int row, int cf, int cq, long time, 
int val) {
-    tm.put(nk(row, cf, cq, time), new Value((val + "").getBytes()));
+    tm.put(newKey(row, cf, cq, time), new Value((val + "").getBytes()));
   }
 
-  private void aten(FirstEntryInRowIterator rdi, String row, String cf, String 
cq, long time, String val) throws Exception {
+  private void testAndCallNext(FirstEntryInRowIterator rdi, String row, String 
cf, String cq, long time, String val) throws Exception {
     assertTrue(rdi.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(row, cf, cq, time), rdi.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(row, cf, cq, time), rdi.getTopKey());
     assertEquals(val, rdi.getTopValue().toString());
     rdi.next();
   }
 
-  private void aten(FirstEntryInRowIterator rdi, int row, int cf, int cq, long 
time, int val) throws Exception {
+  private void testAndCallNext(FirstEntryInRowIterator rdi, int row, int cf, 
int cq, long time, int val) throws Exception {
     assertTrue(rdi.hasTop());
-    assertEquals(nk(row, cf, cq, time), rdi.getTopKey());
+    assertEquals(newKey(row, cf, cq, time), rdi.getTopKey());
     assertEquals(val, Integer.parseInt(rdi.getTopValue().toString()));
     rdi.next();
   }
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ public class FirstEntryInRowTest {
     fei.init(new SortedMapIterator(tm1), EMPTY_MAP, null);
 
     fei.seek(new Range(), EMPTY_SET, false);
-    aten(fei, "r1", "cf1", "cq1", 5, "v1");
-    aten(fei, "r2", "cf1", "cq1", 5, "v3");
-    aten(fei, "r3", "cf3", "cq6", 5, "v6");
+    testAndCallNext(fei, "r1", "cf1", "cq1", 5, "v1");
+    testAndCallNext(fei, "r2", "cf1", "cq1", 5, "v3");
+    testAndCallNext(fei, "r3", "cf3", "cq6", 5, "v6");
     assertFalse(fei.hasTop());
 
   }
@@ -106,21 +106,21 @@ public class FirstEntryInRowTest {
 
     FirstEntryInRowIterator fei = new FirstEntryInRowIterator();
     fei.init(new SortedMapIterator(tm1), EMPTY_MAP, null);
-    fei.seek(new Range(nk(0, 10, 0, 0), null), EMPTY_SET, false);
-    aten(fei, 1, 1, 3, 6, 1 * 1 * 3);
-    aten(fei, 2, 2, 3, 6, 2 * 2 * 3);
-    aten(fei, 3, 3, 3, 6, 3 * 3 * 3);
-    aten(fei, 4, 4, 3, 6, 4 * 4 * 3);
+    fei.seek(new Range(newKey(0, 10, 0, 0), null), EMPTY_SET, false);
+    testAndCallNext(fei, 1, 1, 3, 6, 1 * 1 * 3);
+    testAndCallNext(fei, 2, 2, 3, 6, 2 * 2 * 3);
+    testAndCallNext(fei, 3, 3, 3, 6, 3 * 3 * 3);
+    testAndCallNext(fei, 4, 4, 3, 6, 4 * 4 * 3);
     assertFalse(fei.hasTop());
 
-    fei.seek(new Range(nk(1, 1, 3, 6), nk(3, 3, 3, 6)), EMPTY_SET, false);
-    aten(fei, 1, 1, 3, 6, 1 * 1 * 3);
-    aten(fei, 2, 2, 3, 6, 2 * 2 * 3);
-    aten(fei, 3, 3, 3, 6, 3 * 3 * 3);
+    fei.seek(new Range(newKey(1, 1, 3, 6), newKey(3, 3, 3, 6)), EMPTY_SET, 
false);
+    testAndCallNext(fei, 1, 1, 3, 6, 1 * 1 * 3);
+    testAndCallNext(fei, 2, 2, 3, 6, 2 * 2 * 3);
+    testAndCallNext(fei, 3, 3, 3, 6, 3 * 3 * 3);
     assertFalse(fei.hasTop());
 
-    fei.seek(new Range(nk(1, 1, 3, 6), false, nk(3, 3, 3, 6), false), 
EMPTY_SET, false);
-    aten(fei, 2, 2, 3, 6, 2 * 2 * 3);
+    fei.seek(new Range(newKey(1, 1, 3, 6), false, newKey(3, 3, 3, 6), false), 
EMPTY_SET, false);
+    testAndCallNext(fei, 2, 2, 3, 6, 2 * 2 * 3);
     assertFalse(fei.hasTop());
   }
 }

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/accumulo/blob/a4a45398/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/iterators/IteratorUtilTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/iterators/IteratorUtilTest.java 
b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/iterators/IteratorUtilTest.java
index 65deb63..e647a60 100644
--- 
a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/iterators/IteratorUtilTest.java
+++ 
b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/accumulo/core/iterators/IteratorUtilTest.java
@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ public class IteratorUtilTest {
 
     TreeMap<Key,Value> tm = new TreeMap<>();
 
-    MultiIteratorTest.nkv(tm, 1, 0, false, "1");
-    MultiIteratorTest.nkv(tm, 2, 0, false, "2");
+    MultiIteratorTest.newKeyValue(tm, 1, 0, false, "1");
+    MultiIteratorTest.newKeyValue(tm, 2, 0, false, "2");
 
     SortedMapIterator source = new SortedMapIterator(tm);
 
@@ -144,13 +144,13 @@ public class IteratorUtilTest {
     iter.seek(new Range(), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertTrue(iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(iter.getTopKey().equals(MultiIteratorTest.nk(1, 0)));
+    assertTrue(iter.getTopKey().equals(MultiIteratorTest.newKey(1, 0)));
     assertTrue(iter.getTopValue().toString().equals("4"));
 
     iter.next();
 
     assertTrue(iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(iter.getTopKey().equals(MultiIteratorTest.nk(2, 0)));
+    assertTrue(iter.getTopKey().equals(MultiIteratorTest.newKey(2, 0)));
     assertTrue(iter.getTopValue().toString().equals("9"));
 
     iter.next();
@@ -166,8 +166,8 @@ public class IteratorUtilTest {
 
     TreeMap<Key,Value> tm = new TreeMap<>();
 
-    MultiIteratorTest.nkv(tm, 1, 0, false, "1");
-    MultiIteratorTest.nkv(tm, 2, 0, false, "2");
+    MultiIteratorTest.newKeyValue(tm, 1, 0, false, "1");
+    MultiIteratorTest.newKeyValue(tm, 2, 0, false, "2");
 
     SortedMapIterator source = new SortedMapIterator(tm);
 
@@ -176,13 +176,13 @@ public class IteratorUtilTest {
     iter.seek(new Range(), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertTrue(iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(iter.getTopKey().equals(MultiIteratorTest.nk(1, 0)));
+    assertTrue(iter.getTopKey().equals(MultiIteratorTest.newKey(1, 0)));
     assertTrue(iter.getTopValue().toString().equals("1"));
 
     iter.next();
 
     assertTrue(iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(iter.getTopKey().equals(MultiIteratorTest.nk(2, 0)));
+    assertTrue(iter.getTopKey().equals(MultiIteratorTest.newKey(2, 0)));
     assertTrue(iter.getTopValue().toString().equals("2"));
 
     iter.next();
@@ -199,8 +199,8 @@ public class IteratorUtilTest {
 
     TreeMap<Key,Value> tm = new TreeMap<>();
 
-    MultiIteratorTest.nkv(tm, 1, 0, false, "1");
-    MultiIteratorTest.nkv(tm, 2, 0, false, "2");
+    MultiIteratorTest.newKeyValue(tm, 1, 0, false, "1");
+    MultiIteratorTest.newKeyValue(tm, 2, 0, false, "2");
 
     SortedMapIterator source = new SortedMapIterator(tm);
 
@@ -212,13 +212,13 @@ public class IteratorUtilTest {
     iter.seek(new Range(), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertTrue(iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(iter.getTopKey().equals(MultiIteratorTest.nk(1, 0)));
+    assertTrue(iter.getTopKey().equals(MultiIteratorTest.newKey(1, 0)));
     assertTrue(iter.getTopValue().toString().equals("2"));
 
     iter.next();
 
     assertTrue(iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(iter.getTopKey().equals(MultiIteratorTest.nk(2, 0)));
+    assertTrue(iter.getTopKey().equals(MultiIteratorTest.newKey(2, 0)));
     assertTrue(iter.getTopValue().toString().equals("5"));
 
     iter.next();
@@ -238,8 +238,8 @@ public class IteratorUtilTest {
 
     TreeMap<Key,Value> tm = new TreeMap<>();
 
-    MultiIteratorTest.nkv(tm, 1, 0, false, "1");
-    MultiIteratorTest.nkv(tm, 2, 0, false, "2");
+    MultiIteratorTest.newKeyValue(tm, 1, 0, false, "1");
+    MultiIteratorTest.newKeyValue(tm, 2, 0, false, "2");
 
     SortedMapIterator source = new SortedMapIterator(tm);
 
@@ -248,13 +248,13 @@ public class IteratorUtilTest {
     iter.seek(new Range(), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertTrue(iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(iter.getTopKey().equals(MultiIteratorTest.nk(1, 0)));
+    assertTrue(iter.getTopKey().equals(MultiIteratorTest.newKey(1, 0)));
     assertTrue(iter.getTopValue().toString().equals("64"));
 
     iter.next();
 
     assertTrue(iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(iter.getTopKey().equals(MultiIteratorTest.nk(2, 0)));
+    assertTrue(iter.getTopKey().equals(MultiIteratorTest.newKey(2, 0)));
     assertTrue(iter.getTopValue().toString().equals("81"));
 
     iter.next();
@@ -274,8 +274,8 @@ public class IteratorUtilTest {
 
     TreeMap<Key,Value> tm = new TreeMap<>();
 
-    MultiIteratorTest.nkv(tm, 1, 850, false, "1");
-    MultiIteratorTest.nkv(tm, 2, 950, false, "2");
+    MultiIteratorTest.newKeyValue(tm, 1, 850, false, "1");
+    MultiIteratorTest.newKeyValue(tm, 2, 950, false, "2");
 
     SortedMapIterator source = new SortedMapIterator(tm);
 
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ public class IteratorUtilTest {
     iter.seek(new Range(), EMPTY_COL_FAMS, false);
 
     assertTrue(iter.hasTop());
-    assertTrue(iter.getTopKey().equals(MultiIteratorTest.nk(2, 950)));
+    assertTrue(iter.getTopKey().equals(MultiIteratorTest.newKey(2, 950)));
     iter.next();
 
     assertFalse(iter.hasTop());

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