FrankYang0529 opened a new pull request, #74529:
URL: https://github.com/apache/airflow/pull/74529

   ### Why
   
   - #73698 records each login in the `_awsam_login_state` cookie, and by 
default `/auth/login_callback` only accepts a SAML response that matches an 
entry in that cookie. The cookie is set with `SameSite=Lax`.
   - After sign-in, the IdP sends the SAML response back with an auto-submitted 
form POST to `/auth/login_callback`. IAM Identity Center is on a different site 
than Airflow, so this POST is cross-site. Browsers do not send `SameSite=Lax` 
cookies on cross-site POST requests.
   - As a result, every login started from Airflow fails with 401 "No login in 
progress for this browser. Start the login from Airflow and try again." Users 
cannot log in to the UI. Turning on `allow_idp_initiated_login` does not help. 
Without the login state cookie, the callback handles the SAML response as an 
IdP-initiated login. It then rejects the response with 401 "Invalid SAML 
response", because the response carries `InResponseTo`.
   
   ### How
   
   - Over https, set the login state cookie with `SameSite=None`. Browsers 
require `Secure` for `SameSite=None`, and the cookie already gets `Secure` over 
https.
   - Over plain http, keep `SameSite=Lax`. Browsers reject a `SameSite=None` 
cookie without `Secure`, so `SameSite=None` would break every login over plain 
http that starts from Airflow. This PR does not fix logins over plain http that 
start from Airflow and use IAM Identity Center, because Identity Center is on a 
different site than Airflow. Over plain http, a login that starts from Airflow 
completes only with an IdP on the same site as Airflow, for example a local 
test IdP.
   
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