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kou pushed a commit to branch main
in repository
https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/arrow-flight-sql-postgresql.git
The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/main by this push:
new 0cad9b5 Add missing build time for INSERT/COPY with PostgreSQL
protocol (#172)
0cad9b5 is described below
commit 0cad9b56214ecd17e3864308988955c8b27d77f8
Author: Sutou Kouhei <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Sun Nov 19 07:30:17 2023 +0900
Add missing build time for INSERT/COPY with PostgreSQL protocol (#172)
Closes GH-171
---
benchmark/insert-copy.cc | 119 +++++++++++-------
benchmark/insert.cc | 92 +++++++-------
benchmark/insert.hh | 92 ++++++++++++++
benchmark/integer/README.md | 12 +-
benchmark/integer/insert.csv | 18 +--
benchmark/integer/insert.svg | 104 ++++++++--------
benchmark/integer/select.csv | 12 +-
benchmark/integer/select.svg | 112 ++++++++---------
benchmark/select-copy.c | 9 +-
benchmark/select-polars.py | 1 -
benchmark/select.c | 2 +-
benchmark/string/README.md | 12 +-
benchmark/string/insert.csv | 18 +--
benchmark/string/insert.svg | 133 +++++++++-----------
benchmark/string/select.csv | 16 +--
benchmark/string/select.svg | 281 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
16 files changed, 607 insertions(+), 426 deletions(-)
diff --git a/benchmark/insert-copy.cc b/benchmark/insert-copy.cc
index d2f8165..7bb3957 100644
--- a/benchmark/insert-copy.cc
+++ b/benchmark/insert-copy.cc
@@ -17,30 +17,18 @@
* under the License.
*/
-#include <chrono>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <vector>
+#include "insert.hh"
-#include <libpq-fe.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
-class ConnectionFinisher {
- public:
- ConnectionFinisher(PGconn* connection) : connection_(connection) {}
- ~ConnectionFinisher() { PQfinish(connection_); }
-
- private:
- PGconn* connection_;
-};
-
-class ResultClearner {
- public:
- ResultClearner(PGresult* result) : result_(result) {}
- ~ResultClearner() { PQclear(result_); }
-
- private:
- PGresult* result_;
-};
+namespace {
+template <typename Type>
+void
+write_binary_data(std::ostream& stream, Type value)
+{
+ stream.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&value), sizeof(Type));
+}
+}; // namespace
int
main(int argc, char** argv)
@@ -78,33 +66,31 @@ main(int argc, char** argv)
}
}
- std::vector<std::string> buffers;
+ std::vector<std::vector<Value>> records;
{
- auto result = PQexec(connection, "COPY data TO STDOUT (FORMAT
binary)");
+ auto result = PQexec(connection, "SELECT * FROM data");
ResultClearner resultClearner(result);
- if (PQresultStatus(result) != PGRES_COPY_OUT)
+ if (PQresultStatus(result) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
{
- std::cerr << "failed to copy to: " <<
PQerrorMessage(connection) << std::endl;
+ std::cerr << "failed to select: " <<
PQerrorMessage(connection) << std::endl;
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
- while (true)
+ auto nTuples = PQntuples(result);
+ auto nFields = PQnfields(result);
+ for (int iTuple = 0; iTuple < nTuples; iTuple++)
{
- char* data;
- auto size = PQgetCopyData(connection, &data, 0);
- if (size == -1)
- {
- break;
- }
- if (size == -2)
+ std::vector<Value> values;
+ for (int iField = 0; iField < nFields; iField++)
{
- std::cerr << "failed to read copy data: " <<
PQerrorMessage(connection)
- << std::endl;
- return EXIT_FAILURE;
+ if (!append_value(values, result, iTuple,
iField))
+ {
+ return EXIT_FAILURE;
+ }
}
- buffers.emplace_back(data, size);
- free(data);
+ records.push_back(std::move(values));
}
}
+
auto before = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
{
auto result = PQexec(connection, "COPY data_insert FROM STDOUT
(FORMAT binary)");
@@ -115,15 +101,58 @@ main(int argc, char** argv)
<< std::endl;
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
- for (const auto& buffer : buffers)
+ std::ostringstream copyDataStream;
{
- auto copyDataResult = PQputCopyData(connection,
buffer.data(), buffer.size());
- if (copyDataResult == -1)
+ // See the "Binary Format" section in
+ //
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-copy.html for
+ // details.
+
+ const char signature[] = "PGCOPY\n\377\r\n";
+ // The last '\0' is also part of the signature.
+ copyDataStream << std::string_view(signature,
sizeof(signature));
+ const uint32_t flags = 0;
+ write_binary_data(copyDataStream, htonl(flags));
+ const uint32_t headerExtensionAreaLength = 0;
+ write_binary_data(copyDataStream,
htonl(headerExtensionAreaLength));
+ auto nRecords = records.size();
+ for (size_t iRecord = 0; iRecord < nRecords; ++iRecord)
{
- std::cerr << "failed to put copy data: " <<
PQerrorMessage(connection)
- << std::endl;
- return EXIT_FAILURE;
+ const auto& values = records[iRecord];
+ const auto nValues = values.size();
+ write_binary_data(copyDataStream,
htons(nValues));
+ for (size_t iValue = 0; iValue < nValues;
++iValue)
+ {
+ const auto& value = values[iValue];
+ if
(std::holds_alternative<std::monostate>(value))
+ {
+
write_binary_data(copyDataStream,
+
htonl(static_cast<uint32_t>(-1)));
+ }
+ else if
(std::holds_alternative<int32_t>(value))
+ {
+ const auto& int32Value =
std::get<int32_t>(value);
+
write_binary_data(copyDataStream, htonl(sizeof(int32_t)));
+
write_binary_data(copyDataStream,
+
htonl(static_cast<uint32_t>(int32Value)));
+ }
+ else if
(std::holds_alternative<std::string>(value))
+ {
+ const auto& stringValue =
std::get<std::string>(value);
+
write_binary_data(copyDataStream, htonl(stringValue.size()));
+ copyDataStream << stringValue;
+ }
+ }
}
+ const uint16_t fileTrailer = -1;
+ write_binary_data(copyDataStream, htons(fileTrailer));
+ }
+ const auto& copyData = copyDataStream.str();
+ auto copyDataResult = PQputCopyData(connection,
copyData.data(), copyData.size());
+ if (copyDataResult == -1)
+ {
+ std::cerr << "failed to put copy data: " <<
PQerrorMessage(connection)
+ << std::endl;
+ return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
auto copyEndResult = PQputCopyEnd(connection, nullptr);
if (copyEndResult == -1)
diff --git a/benchmark/insert.cc b/benchmark/insert.cc
index 7eb58f5..4ffecb8 100644
--- a/benchmark/insert.cc
+++ b/benchmark/insert.cc
@@ -17,31 +17,7 @@
* under the License.
*/
-#include <chrono>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <iostream>
-
-#include <libpq-fe.h>
-
-#include <catalog/pg_type_d.h>
-
-class ConnectionFinisher {
- public:
- ConnectionFinisher(PGconn* connection) : connection_(connection) {}
- ~ConnectionFinisher() { PQfinish(connection_); }
-
- private:
- PGconn* connection_;
-};
-
-class ResultClearner {
- public:
- ResultClearner(PGresult* result) : result_(result) {}
- ~ResultClearner() { PQclear(result_); }
-
- private:
- PGresult* result_;
-};
+#include "insert.hh"
int
main(int argc, char** argv)
@@ -79,7 +55,7 @@ main(int argc, char** argv)
}
}
- std::string insert = "INSERT INTO data_insert VALUES ";
+ std::vector<std::vector<Value>> records;
{
auto result = PQexec(connection, "SELECT * FROM data");
ResultClearner resultClearner(result);
@@ -92,37 +68,57 @@ main(int argc, char** argv)
auto nFields = PQnfields(result);
for (int iTuple = 0; iTuple < nTuples; iTuple++)
{
- if (iTuple > 0)
- {
- insert += ", ";
- }
+ std::vector<Value> values;
for (int iField = 0; iField < nFields; iField++)
{
- if (PQgetisnull(result, iTuple, iField))
- {
- insert += "(null)";
- }
- else
+ if (!append_value(values, result, iTuple,
iField))
{
- insert += "(";
- auto type = PQftype(result, iField);
- if (type == TEXTOID)
- {
- insert += "'";
- }
- insert += PQgetvalue(result, iTuple,
iField);
- if (type == TEXTOID)
- {
- insert += "'";
- }
- insert += ")";
+ return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
}
+ records.push_back(std::move(values));
}
}
+
auto before = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
{
- auto result = PQexec(connection, insert.c_str());
+ std::ostringstream insert;
+ insert << "INSERT INTO data_insert VALUES ";
+ auto nRecords = records.size();
+ for (size_t iRecord = 0; iRecord < nRecords; ++iRecord)
+ {
+ const auto& values = records[iRecord];
+ if (iRecord > 0)
+ {
+ insert << ", ";
+ }
+ insert << "(";
+ auto nValues = values.size();
+ for (size_t iValue = 0; iValue < nValues; ++iValue)
+ {
+ if (iValue > 0)
+ {
+ insert << ", ";
+ }
+ const auto& value = values[iValue];
+ if
(std::holds_alternative<std::monostate>(value))
+ {
+ insert << "null";
+ }
+ else if (std::holds_alternative<int32_t>(value))
+ {
+ insert << std::get<int32_t>(value);
+ }
+ else if
(std::holds_alternative<std::string>(value))
+ {
+ insert << "'";
+ insert << std::get<std::string>(value);
+ insert << "'";
+ }
+ }
+ insert << ")";
+ }
+ auto result = PQexec(connection, insert.str().c_str());
ResultClearner resultClearner(result);
if (PQresultStatus(result) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
{
diff --git a/benchmark/insert.hh b/benchmark/insert.hh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14c02c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/insert.hh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <charconv>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <variant>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <libpq-fe.h>
+
+#include <catalog/pg_type_d.h>
+
+namespace {
+class ConnectionFinisher {
+ public:
+ ConnectionFinisher(PGconn* connection) : connection_(connection) {}
+ ~ConnectionFinisher() { PQfinish(connection_); }
+
+ private:
+ PGconn* connection_;
+};
+
+class ResultClearner {
+ public:
+ ResultClearner(PGresult* result) : result_(result) {}
+ ~ResultClearner() { PQclear(result_); }
+
+ private:
+ PGresult* result_;
+};
+
+using Value = std::variant<std::monostate, int32_t, std::string>;
+
+bool
+append_value(std::vector<Value>& values, PGresult* result, int iTuple, int
iField)
+{
+ if (PQgetisnull(result, iTuple, iField))
+ {
+ values.push_back(std::monostate{});
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ Oid type = PQftype(result, iField);
+ char* rawValue = PQgetvalue(result, iTuple, iField);
+ int length = PQgetlength(result, iTuple, iField);
+ switch (type)
+ {
+ case INT4OID:
+ {
+ int32_t value;
+ auto result = std::from_chars(rawValue, rawValue +
length, value);
+ if (result.ec != std::errc{})
+ {
+ std::cerr << "failed to parse integer value: "
<< rawValue << std::endl;
+ return false;
+ }
+ values.emplace_back(value);
+ }
+ break;
+ case TEXTOID:
+ {
+ values.emplace_back(std::string(rawValue, length));
+ }
+ break;
+ default:
+ std::cerr << "unsupported type: " << type << std::endl;
+ return false;
+ }
+ return true;
+}
+}; // namespace
diff --git a/benchmark/integer/README.md b/benchmark/integer/README.md
index 60e7a7c..5f72318 100644
--- a/benchmark/integer/README.md
+++ b/benchmark/integer/README.md
@@ -48,19 +48,19 @@ Here is a benchmark result on the following environment:
| Apache Arrow Flight SQL | `SELECT` | `COPY` |
| ----------------------- | -------- | ------ |
-| 0.014 | 0.015 | 0.011 |
+| 0.014 | 0.015 | 0.012 |
1M records:
| Apache Arrow Flight SQL | `SELECT` | `COPY` |
| ----------------------- | -------- | ------ |
-| 0.082 | 0.145 | 0.110 |
+| 0.082 | 0.140 | 0.112 |
10M records:
| Apache Arrow Flight SQL | `SELECT` | `COPY` |
| ----------------------- | -------- | ------ |
-| 0.694 | 1.486 | 1.142 |
+| 0.691 | 1.463 | 1.108 |
### `INSERT`
@@ -70,16 +70,16 @@ Here is a benchmark result on the following environment:
| Apache Arrow Flight SQL | `INSERT` | `COPY` |
| ----------------------- | -------- | ------ |
-| 0.273 | 0.121 | 0.020 |
+| 0.497 | 0.310 | 0.068 |
1M records:
| Apache Arrow Flight SQL | `INSERT` | `COPY` |
| ----------------------- | -------- | ------ |
-| 6.055 | 2.232 | 0.345 |
+| 7.013 | 5.410 | 0.637 |
10M records:
| Apache Arrow Flight SQL | `INSERT` | `COPY` |
| ----------------------- | -------- | ------ |
-| 51.757 | 31.390 | 7.832 |
+| 55.064 | 37.522 | 6.720 |
diff --git a/benchmark/integer/insert.csv b/benchmark/integer/insert.csv
index 068c12c..5958741 100644
--- a/benchmark/integer/insert.csv
+++ b/benchmark/integer/insert.csv
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
Approach,N records,Elapsed time (sec)
-Apache Arrow Flight SQL,100000,0.273
-INSERT,100000,0.121
-COPY,100000,0.020
-Apache Arrow Flight SQL,1000000,6.055
-INSERT,1000000,2.232
-COPY,1000000,0.345
-Apache Arrow Flight SQL,10000000,51.757
-INSERT,10000000,31.390
-COPY,10000000,7.832
+Apache Arrow Flight SQL,100000,0.497
+INSERT,100000,0.310
+COPY,100000,0.068
+Apache Arrow Flight SQL,1000000,7.013
+INSERT,1000000,5.410
+COPY,1000000,0.637
+Apache Arrow Flight SQL,10000000,55.064
+INSERT,10000000,37.522
+COPY,10000000,6.720
diff --git a/benchmark/integer/insert.svg b/benchmark/integer/insert.svg
index edae65a..dfde81a 100644
--- a/benchmark/integer/insert.svg
+++ b/benchmark/integer/insert.svg
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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<cc:Work>
<dc:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage"/>
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+ <dc:date>2023-11-19T07:16:29.203133</dc:date>
<dc:format>image/svg+xml</dc:format>
<dc:creator>
<cc:Agent>
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+ <use xlink:href="#meb8618df0a" x="57.6" y="123.478232" style="stroke:
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- <path clip-path="url(#p81d22f9aab)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
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- <path clip-path="url(#p81d22f9aab)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
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- <path clip-path="url(#p81d22f9aab)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
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<path d="M 57.6 307.584
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diff --git a/benchmark/integer/select.csv b/benchmark/integer/select.csv
index 90fec54..9c4c251 100644
--- a/benchmark/integer/select.csv
+++ b/benchmark/integer/select.csv
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
Approach,N records,Elapsed time (sec)
Apache Arrow Flight SQL,100000,0.014
SELECT,100000,0.015
-COPY,100000,0.011
+COPY,100000,0.012
Apache Arrow Flight SQL,1000000,0.082
-SELECT,1000000,0.145
-COPY,1000000,0.110
-Apache Arrow Flight SQL,10000000,0.694
-SELECT,10000000,1.486
-COPY,10000000,1.142
+SELECT,1000000,0.140
+COPY,1000000,0.112
+Apache Arrow Flight SQL,10000000,0.691
+SELECT,10000000,1.463
+COPY,10000000,1.108
diff --git a/benchmark/integer/select.svg b/benchmark/integer/select.svg
index 8703293..afcab04 100644
--- a/benchmark/integer/select.svg
+++ b/benchmark/integer/select.svg
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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<cc:Work>
<dc:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage"/>
- <dc:date>2023-11-16T18:51:19.944464</dc:date>
+ <dc:date>2023-11-19T07:16:29.366290</dc:date>
<dc:format>image/svg+xml</dc:format>
<dc:creator>
<cc:Agent>
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+L 69.82144 305.158737
z
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+L 252.34944 288.181895
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-L 402.49856 112.813825
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+L 371.38944 115.641744
z
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<g id="matplotlib.axis_1">
<g id="xtick_1">
<g id="line2d_1">
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+ <path id="m77657ee7a9" d="M 0 0
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<g>
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diff --git a/benchmark/select-copy.c b/benchmark/select-copy.c
index 11ad095..8d27fcf 100644
--- a/benchmark/select-copy.c
+++ b/benchmark/select-copy.c
@@ -31,8 +31,9 @@
/* See the "Binary Format" section in
* https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-copy.html for
* details. */
-static const char signature[] = "PGCOPY\n\377\r\n";
+
/* The last '\0' is also part of the signature. */
+static const char signature[11] = "PGCOPY\n\377\r\n";
static const size_t signatureSize = sizeof(signature);
typedef struct {
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ read_uint16(Buffer* buffer, uint16_t* output, const char* tag)
return false;
}
- *output = htons(*((uint16_t*)(buffer->data)));
+ *output = ntohs(*((uint16_t*)(buffer->data)));
buffer->data += sizeof(uint16_t);
buffer->size -= sizeof(uint16_t);
return true;
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ read_uint32(Buffer* buffer, uint32_t* output, const char* tag)
return false;
}
- *output = htonl(*((uint32_t*)(buffer->data)));
+ *output = ntohl(*((uint32_t*)(buffer->data)));
buffer->data += sizeof(uint32_t);
buffer->size -= sizeof(uint32_t);
return true;
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ parse_tuples(Buffer* buffer, Oid* types, bool* finished)
}
default:
fprintf(stderr,
- "tuple: field: %u: Unsupported
type: %u: %u: %d\n",
+ "tuple: field: %u: unsupported
type: %u: %u: %d\n",
i,
type,
size,
diff --git a/benchmark/select-polars.py b/benchmark/select-polars.py
index 652674a..33f6d5c 100755
--- a/benchmark/select-polars.py
+++ b/benchmark/select-polars.py
@@ -32,4 +32,3 @@ start = time.perf_counter()
polars.read_database_uri(query="SELECT * FROM data",
uri=uri)
print(time.perf_counter() - start)
-
diff --git a/benchmark/select.c b/benchmark/select.c
index 7711bee..fcc66fa 100644
--- a/benchmark/select.c
+++ b/benchmark/select.c
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ parse_value(PGresult* result, int iTuple, int iField)
}
break;
default:
- fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported type: %u\n", type);
+ fprintf(stderr, "unsupported type: %u\n", type);
return false;
}
return true;
diff --git a/benchmark/string/README.md b/benchmark/string/README.md
index d0f2594..48c8426 100644
--- a/benchmark/string/README.md
+++ b/benchmark/string/README.md
@@ -48,19 +48,19 @@ Here is a benchmark result on the following environment:
| Apache Arrow Flight SQL | `SELECT` | `COPY` |
| ----------------------- | -------- | ------ |
-| 0.041 | 0.016 | 0.016 |
+| 0.040 | 0.017 | 0.016 |
1M records:
| Apache Arrow Flight SQL | `SELECT` | `COPY` |
| ----------------------- | -------- | ------ |
-| 0.353 | 0.149 | 0.148 |
+| 0.364 | 0.162 | 0.152 |
10M records:
| Apache Arrow Flight SQL | `SELECT` | `COPY` |
| ----------------------- | -------- | ------ |
-| 2.154 | 1.924 | 1.596 |
+| 2.053 | 1.706 | 1.603 |
### `INSERT`
@@ -70,16 +70,16 @@ Here is a benchmark result on the following environment:
| Apache Arrow Flight SQL | `INSERT` | `COPY` |
| ----------------------- | -------- | ------ |
-| 0.343 | 0.338 | 0.416 |
+| 0.661 | 0.622 | 0.265 |
1M records:
| Apache Arrow Flight SQL | `INSERT` | `COPY` |
| ----------------------- | -------- | ------ |
-| 6.906 | 5.730 | 2.870 |
+| 7.028 | 5.956 | 2.915 |
10M records:
| Apache Arrow Flight SQL | `INSERT` | `COPY` |
| ----------------------- | -------- | ------ |
-| 116.579 | 107.045 | 66.410 |
+| 97.898 | 86.678 | 50.889 |
diff --git a/benchmark/string/insert.csv b/benchmark/string/insert.csv
index 73f8bb7..d6f01ef 100644
--- a/benchmark/string/insert.csv
+++ b/benchmark/string/insert.csv
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
Approach,N records,Elapsed time (sec)
-Apache Arrow Flight SQL,100000,0.343
-INSERT,100000,0.338
-COPY,100000,0.416
-Apache Arrow Flight SQL,1000000,6.906
-INSERT,1000000,5.730
-COPY,1000000,2.870
-Apache Arrow Flight SQL,10000000,116.579
-INSERT,10000000,107.045
-COPY,10000000,66.410
+Apache Arrow Flight SQL,100000,0.661
+INSERT,100000,0.622
+COPY,100000,0.265
+Apache Arrow Flight SQL,1000000,7.028
+INSERT,1000000,5.956
+COPY,1000000,2.915
+Apache Arrow Flight SQL,10000000,97.898
+INSERT,10000000,86.678
+COPY,10000000,50.889
diff --git a/benchmark/string/insert.svg b/benchmark/string/insert.svg
index cb8e05a..3c65bd7 100644
--- a/benchmark/string/insert.svg
+++ b/benchmark/string/insert.svg
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<rdf:RDF xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/";
xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#";
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#";>
<cc:Work>
<dc:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage"/>
- <dc:date>2023-11-16T18:51:20.038826</dc:date>
+ <dc:date>2023-11-19T07:16:29.455651</dc:date>
<dc:format>image/svg+xml</dc:format>
<dc:creator>
<cc:Agent>
@@ -40,18 +40,18 @@ z
<g id="patch_3">
<path d="M 69.82144 307.584
L 100.93056 307.584
-L 100.93056 306.838326
-L 69.82144 306.838326
+L 100.93056 305.872792
+L 69.82144 305.872792
z
-" clip-path="url(#p1ecb086c24)" style="fill: #1f77b4"/>
+" clip-path="url(#p9bc037ba06)" style="fill: #1f77b4"/>
</g>
<g id="patch_4">
<path d="M 188.86144 307.584
L 219.97056 307.584
-L 219.97056 292.570519
-L 188.86144 292.570519
+L 219.97056 289.389795
+L 188.86144 289.389795
z
-" clip-path="url(#p1ecb086c24)" style="fill: #1f77b4"/>
+" clip-path="url(#p9bc037ba06)" style="fill: #1f77b4"/>
</g>
<g id="patch_5">
<path d="M 307.90144 307.584
@@ -59,66 +59,66 @@ L 339.01056 307.584
L 339.01056 54.144
L 307.90144 54.144
z
-" clip-path="url(#p1ecb086c24)" style="fill: #1f77b4"/>
+" clip-path="url(#p9bc037ba06)" style="fill: #1f77b4"/>
</g>
<g id="patch_6">
<path d="M 101.56544 307.584
L 132.67456 307.584
-L 132.67456 306.849196
-L 101.56544 306.849196
+L 132.67456 305.973756
+L 101.56544 305.973756
z
-" clip-path="url(#p1ecb086c24)" style="fill: #ff7f0e"/>
+" clip-path="url(#p9bc037ba06)" style="fill: #ff7f0e"/>
</g>
<g id="patch_7">
<path d="M 220.60544 307.584
L 251.71456 307.584
-L 251.71456 295.127115
-L 220.60544 295.127115
+L 251.71456 292.165006
+L 220.60544 292.165006
z
-" clip-path="url(#p1ecb086c24)" style="fill: #ff7f0e"/>
+" clip-path="url(#p9bc037ba06)" style="fill: #ff7f0e"/>
</g>
<g id="patch_8">
<path d="M 339.64544 307.584
L 370.75456 307.584
-L 370.75456 74.870691
-L 339.64544 74.870691
+L 370.75456 83.190526
+L 339.64544 83.190526
z
-" clip-path="url(#p1ecb086c24)" style="fill: #ff7f0e"/>
+" clip-path="url(#p9bc037ba06)" style="fill: #ff7f0e"/>
</g>
<g id="patch_9">
<path d="M 133.30944 307.584
L 164.41856 307.584
-L 164.41856 306.679626
-L 133.30944 306.679626
+L 164.41856 306.897964
+L 133.30944 306.897964
z
-" clip-path="url(#p1ecb086c24)" style="fill: #2ca02c"/>
+" clip-path="url(#p9bc037ba06)" style="fill: #2ca02c"/>
</g>
<g id="patch_10">
<path d="M 252.34944 307.584
L 283.45856 307.584
-L 283.45856 301.344688
-L 252.34944 301.344688
+L 283.45856 300.037599
+L 252.34944 300.037599
z
-" clip-path="url(#p1ecb086c24)" style="fill: #2ca02c"/>
+" clip-path="url(#p9bc037ba06)" style="fill: #2ca02c"/>
</g>
<g id="patch_11">
<path d="M 371.38944 307.584
L 402.49856 307.584
-L 402.49856 163.210224
-L 371.38944 163.210224
+L 402.49856 175.841695
+L 371.38944 175.841695
z
-" clip-path="url(#p1ecb086c24)" style="fill: #2ca02c"/>
+" clip-path="url(#p9bc037ba06)" style="fill: #2ca02c"/>
</g>
<g id="matplotlib.axis_1">
<g id="xtick_1">
<g id="line2d_1">
<defs>
- <path id="ma4a065f076" d="M 0 0
+ <path id="m815ab6d40e" d="M 0 0
L 0 3.5
" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
</defs>
<g>
- <use xlink:href="#ma4a065f076" x="117.12" y="307.584" style="stroke:
#000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
+ <use xlink:href="#m815ab6d40e" x="117.12" y="307.584" style="stroke:
#000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
</g>
</g>
<g id="text_1">
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ z
<g id="xtick_2">
<g id="line2d_2">
<g>
- <use xlink:href="#ma4a065f076" x="236.16" y="307.584" style="stroke:
#000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
+ <use xlink:href="#m815ab6d40e" x="236.16" y="307.584" style="stroke:
#000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
</g>
</g>
<g id="text_2">
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ z
<g id="xtick_3">
<g id="line2d_3">
<g>
- <use xlink:href="#ma4a065f076" x="355.2" y="307.584" style="stroke:
#000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
+ <use xlink:href="#m815ab6d40e" x="355.2" y="307.584" style="stroke:
#000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
</g>
</g>
<g id="text_3">
@@ -385,12 +385,12 @@ z
<g id="ytick_1">
<g id="line2d_4">
<defs>
- <path id="mb94ee7c6db" d="M 0 0
+ <path id="m8bfade3e1f" d="M 0 0
L -3.5 0
" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
</defs>
<g>
- <use xlink:href="#mb94ee7c6db" x="57.6" y="307.584" style="stroke:
#000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
+ <use xlink:href="#m8bfade3e1f" x="57.6" y="307.584" style="stroke:
#000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
</g>
</g>
<g id="text_5">
@@ -403,12 +403,12 @@ L -3.5 0
<g id="ytick_2">
<g id="line2d_5">
<g>
- <use xlink:href="#mb94ee7c6db" x="57.6" y="264.104471" style="stroke:
#000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
+ <use xlink:href="#m8bfade3e1f" x="57.6" y="255.807661" style="stroke:
#000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
</g>
</g>
<g id="text_6">
<!-- 20 -->
- <g transform="translate(37.875 267.90369) scale(0.1 -0.1)">
+ <g transform="translate(37.875 259.60688) scale(0.1 -0.1)">
<defs>
<path id="DejaVuSans-32" d="M 1228 531
L 3431 531
@@ -443,12 +443,12 @@ z
<g id="ytick_3">
<g id="line2d_6">
<g>
- <use xlink:href="#mb94ee7c6db" x="57.6" y="220.624942" style="stroke:
#000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
+ <use xlink:href="#m8bfade3e1f" x="57.6" y="204.031323" style="stroke:
#000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
</g>
</g>
<g id="text_7">
<!-- 40 -->
- <g transform="translate(37.875 224.424161) scale(0.1 -0.1)">
+ <g transform="translate(37.875 207.830541) scale(0.1 -0.1)">
<defs>
<path id="DejaVuSans-34" d="M 2419 4116
L 825 1625
@@ -478,12 +478,12 @@ z
<g id="ytick_4">
<g id="line2d_7">
<g>
- <use xlink:href="#mb94ee7c6db" x="57.6" y="177.145413" style="stroke:
#000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
+ <use xlink:href="#m8bfade3e1f" x="57.6" y="152.254984" style="stroke:
#000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
</g>
</g>
<g id="text_8">
<!-- 60 -->
- <g transform="translate(37.875 180.944632) scale(0.1 -0.1)">
+ <g transform="translate(37.875 156.054203) scale(0.1 -0.1)">
<defs>
<path id="DejaVuSans-36" d="M 2113 2584
Q 1688 2584 1439 2293
@@ -524,12 +524,12 @@ z
<g id="ytick_5">
<g id="line2d_8">
<g>
- <use xlink:href="#mb94ee7c6db" x="57.6" y="133.665884" style="stroke:
#000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
+ <use xlink:href="#m8bfade3e1f" x="57.6" y="100.478645" style="stroke:
#000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
</g>
</g>
<g id="text_9">
<!-- 80 -->
- <g transform="translate(37.875 137.465103) scale(0.1 -0.1)">
+ <g transform="translate(37.875 104.277864) scale(0.1 -0.1)">
<defs>
<path id="DejaVuSans-38" d="M 2034 2216
Q 1584 2216 1326 1975
@@ -579,34 +579,19 @@ z
<g id="ytick_6">
<g id="line2d_9">
<g>
- <use xlink:href="#mb94ee7c6db" x="57.6" y="90.186355" style="stroke:
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+ <use xlink:href="#m8bfade3e1f" x="57.6" y="48.702307" style="stroke:
#000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
</g>
</g>
<g id="text_10">
<!-- 100 -->
- <g transform="translate(31.5125 93.985574) scale(0.1 -0.1)">
+ <g transform="translate(31.5125 52.501526) scale(0.1 -0.1)">
<use xlink:href="#DejaVuSans-31"/>
<use xlink:href="#DejaVuSans-30" x="63.623047"/>
<use xlink:href="#DejaVuSans-30" x="127.246094"/>
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- <g id="ytick_7">
- <g id="line2d_10">
- <g>
- <use xlink:href="#mb94ee7c6db" x="57.6" y="46.706827" style="stroke:
#000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
- </g>
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- <g id="text_11">
- <!-- 120 -->
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- <use xlink:href="#DejaVuSans-31"/>
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- <use xlink:href="#DejaVuSans-30" x="127.246094"/>
- </g>
- </g>
- </g>
- <g id="text_12">
+ <g id="text_11">
<!-- Elapsed time (sec) -->
<g transform="translate(25.432812 220.976438) rotate(-90) scale(0.1
-0.1)">
<defs>
@@ -803,32 +788,32 @@ z
</g>
</g>
</g>
+ <g id="line2d_10">
+ <path clip-path="url(#p9bc037ba06)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
stroke-width: 2.7; stroke-linecap: square"/>
+ </g>
<g id="line2d_11">
- <path clip-path="url(#p1ecb086c24)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
stroke-width: 2.7; stroke-linecap: square"/>
+ <path clip-path="url(#p9bc037ba06)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
stroke-width: 2.7; stroke-linecap: square"/>
</g>
<g id="line2d_12">
- <path clip-path="url(#p1ecb086c24)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
stroke-width: 2.7; stroke-linecap: square"/>
+ <path clip-path="url(#p9bc037ba06)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
stroke-width: 2.7; stroke-linecap: square"/>
</g>
<g id="line2d_13">
- <path clip-path="url(#p1ecb086c24)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
stroke-width: 2.7; stroke-linecap: square"/>
+ <path clip-path="url(#p9bc037ba06)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
stroke-width: 2.7; stroke-linecap: square"/>
</g>
<g id="line2d_14">
- <path clip-path="url(#p1ecb086c24)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
stroke-width: 2.7; stroke-linecap: square"/>
+ <path clip-path="url(#p9bc037ba06)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
stroke-width: 2.7; stroke-linecap: square"/>
</g>
<g id="line2d_15">
- <path clip-path="url(#p1ecb086c24)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
stroke-width: 2.7; stroke-linecap: square"/>
+ <path clip-path="url(#p9bc037ba06)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
stroke-width: 2.7; stroke-linecap: square"/>
</g>
<g id="line2d_16">
- <path clip-path="url(#p1ecb086c24)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
stroke-width: 2.7; stroke-linecap: square"/>
+ <path clip-path="url(#p9bc037ba06)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
stroke-width: 2.7; stroke-linecap: square"/>
</g>
<g id="line2d_17">
- <path clip-path="url(#p1ecb086c24)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
stroke-width: 2.7; stroke-linecap: square"/>
+ <path clip-path="url(#p9bc037ba06)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
stroke-width: 2.7; stroke-linecap: square"/>
</g>
<g id="line2d_18">
- <path clip-path="url(#p1ecb086c24)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
stroke-width: 2.7; stroke-linecap: square"/>
- </g>
- <g id="line2d_19">
- <path clip-path="url(#p1ecb086c24)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
stroke-width: 2.7; stroke-linecap: square"/>
+ <path clip-path="url(#p9bc037ba06)" style="fill: none; stroke: #424242;
stroke-width: 2.7; stroke-linecap: square"/>
</g>
<g id="patch_12">
<path d="M 57.6 307.584
@@ -864,7 +849,7 @@ Q 62.6 108.1845 64.6 108.1845
z
" style="fill: #ffffff; opacity: 0.8; stroke: #cccccc; stroke-linejoin:
miter"/>
</g>
- <g id="text_13">
+ <g id="text_12">
<!-- Approach -->
<g transform="translate(118.6 58.070438) scale(0.1 -0.1)">
<defs>
@@ -922,7 +907,7 @@ L 66.6 65.748563
z
" style="fill: #1f77b4"/>
</g>
- <g id="text_14">
+ <g id="text_13">
<!-- Apache Arrow Flight SQL -->
<g transform="translate(94.6 72.748563) scale(0.1 -0.1)">
<defs>
@@ -1089,7 +1074,7 @@ L 66.6 80.426688
z
" style="fill: #ff7f0e"/>
</g>
- <g id="text_15">
+ <g id="text_14">
<!-- INSERT -->
<g transform="translate(94.6 87.426688) scale(0.1 -0.1)">
<defs>
@@ -1156,7 +1141,7 @@ L 66.6 95.104813
z
" style="fill: #2ca02c"/>
</g>
- <g id="text_16">
+ <g id="text_15">
<!-- COPY -->
<g transform="translate(94.6 102.104813) scale(0.1 -0.1)">
<defs>
@@ -1246,7 +1231,7 @@ z
</g>
</g>
<defs>
- <clipPath id="p1ecb086c24">
+ <clipPath id="p9bc037ba06">
<rect x="57.6" y="41.472" width="357.12" height="266.112"/>
</clipPath>
</defs>
diff --git a/benchmark/string/select.csv b/benchmark/string/select.csv
index 8053df9..bd56dbf 100644
--- a/benchmark/string/select.csv
+++ b/benchmark/string/select.csv
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
Approach,N records,Elapsed time (sec)
-Apache Arrow Flight SQL,100000,0.041
-SELECT,100000,0.016
+Apache Arrow Flight SQL,100000,0.040
+SELECT,100000,0.017
COPY,100000,0.016
-Apache Arrow Flight SQL,1000000,0.353
-SELECT,1000000,0.149
-COPY,1000000,0.148
-Apache Arrow Flight SQL,10000000,2.154
-SELECT,10000000,1.924
-COPY,10000000,1.596
+Apache Arrow Flight SQL,1000000,0.364
+SELECT,1000000,0.162
+COPY,1000000,0.152
+Apache Arrow Flight SQL,10000000,2.053
+SELECT,10000000,1.706
+COPY,10000000,1.603
diff --git a/benchmark/string/select.svg b/benchmark/string/select.svg
index e937061..f246230 100644
--- a/benchmark/string/select.svg
+++ b/benchmark/string/select.svg
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<rdf:RDF xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/";
xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#";
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#";>
<cc:Work>
<dc:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage"/>
- <dc:date>2023-11-16T18:51:20.134370</dc:date>
+ <dc:date>2023-11-19T07:16:29.547253</dc:date>
<dc:format>image/svg+xml</dc:format>
<dc:creator>
<cc:Agent>
@@ -40,18 +40,18 @@ z
<g id="patch_3">
<path d="M 69.82144 307.584
L 100.93056 307.584
-L 100.93056 302.759933
-L 69.82144 302.759933
+L 100.93056 302.646056
+L 69.82144 302.646056
z
-" clip-path="url(#p27f446f3c3)" style="fill: #1f77b4"/>
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<g id="patch_4">
<path d="M 188.86144 307.584
L 219.97056 307.584
-L 219.97056 266.049961
-L 188.86144 266.049961
+L 219.97056 262.648705
+L 188.86144 262.648705
z
-" clip-path="url(#p27f446f3c3)" style="fill: #1f77b4"/>
+" clip-path="url(#p0b9328f81d)" style="fill: #1f77b4"/>
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<g id="patch_5">
<path d="M 307.90144 307.584
@@ -59,66 +59,66 @@ L 339.01056 307.584
L 339.01056 54.144
L 307.90144 54.144
z
-" clip-path="url(#p27f446f3c3)" style="fill: #1f77b4"/>
+" clip-path="url(#p0b9328f81d)" style="fill: #1f77b4"/>
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<g id="patch_6">
<path d="M 101.56544 307.584
L 132.67456 307.584
-L 132.67456 305.701437
-L 101.56544 305.701437
+L 132.67456 305.485374
+L 101.56544 305.485374
z
-" clip-path="url(#p27f446f3c3)" style="fill: #ff7f0e"/>
+" clip-path="url(#p0b9328f81d)" style="fill: #ff7f0e"/>
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<g id="patch_7">
<path d="M 220.60544 307.584
L 251.71456 307.584
-L 251.71456 290.052635
-L 220.60544 290.052635
+L 251.71456 287.585325
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