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The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/main by this push:
     new 6b6d16a42 GH-139: [Flight] Stop return null from 
MetadataAdapter.getAll(String) and getAllByte(String) (#1016)
6b6d16a42 is described below

commit 6b6d16a42fdcb46dae728ef0795559e1606c2372
Author: Aleksei Starikov <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Sun Feb 22 14:41:02 2026 +0100

    GH-139: [Flight] Stop return null from MetadataAdapter.getAll(String) and 
getAllByte(String) (#1016)
    
    ## What's Changed
    
    `CallHeaders` has 3 implementations:
    - FlightCallHeaders
    - ErrorFlightMetadata
    - MetadataAdapter
    
    **Before this change:**
    `MetadataAdapter` could return `null` from `getAll(String)` and
    `getAllByte(String)` when there were no values for the key, because
    gRPC’s `Metadata.getAll()` returns `null` in that case. This was
    undocumented and forced callers to null-check.
    
    **After this change:**
    All 3 implementations consistently return an `empty iterable` (never
    `null`) when the key is absent or has no values. The contract is
    documented on the interface and covered by tests for each
    implementation.
    
    ---
    **This contains breaking changes.**
    `MetadataAdapter.getAll(String)` and `getAllByte(String)` return empty
    iterator instead of null.
    
    ---
    Closes #139.
---
 .../java/org/apache/arrow/flight/CallHeaders.java  | 14 +++++++--
 .../arrow/flight/ServerSessionMiddleware.java      | 26 ++++++++--------
 .../flight/client/ClientCookieMiddleware.java      |  5 +--
 .../apache/arrow/flight/grpc/MetadataAdapter.java  |  9 ++++--
 .../org/apache/arrow/flight/TestCallOptions.java   | 11 +++++++
 .../org/apache/arrow/flight/TestErrorMetadata.java | 11 +++++++
 .../arrow/flight/grpc/TestMetadataAdapter.java     | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 7 files changed, 90 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git 
a/flight/flight-core/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/CallHeaders.java 
b/flight/flight-core/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/CallHeaders.java
index f4f6486a3..0939d232c 100644
--- a/flight/flight-core/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/CallHeaders.java
+++ b/flight/flight-core/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/CallHeaders.java
@@ -26,10 +26,20 @@ public interface CallHeaders {
   /** Get the value of a metadata key. If multiple values are present, then 
get the last one. */
   byte[] getByte(String key);
 
-  /** Get all values present for the given metadata key. */
+  /**
+   * Get all values present for the given metadata key.
+   *
+   * @param key the metadata key
+   * @return an iterable of all values for the key. Returns an empty iterable 
if no value to return.
+   */
   Iterable<String> getAll(String key);
 
-  /** Get all values present for the given metadata key. */
+  /**
+   * Get all values present for the given metadata key.
+   *
+   * @param key the metadata key
+   * @return an iterable of all values for the key. Returns an empty iterable 
if no value to return.
+   */
   Iterable<byte[]> getAllByte(String key);
 
   /**
diff --git 
a/flight/flight-core/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/ServerSessionMiddleware.java
 
b/flight/flight-core/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/ServerSessionMiddleware.java
index 47fd6f136..5ec01b9c8 100644
--- 
a/flight/flight-core/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/ServerSessionMiddleware.java
+++ 
b/flight/flight-core/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/ServerSessionMiddleware.java
@@ -80,20 +80,18 @@ public class ServerSessionMiddleware implements 
FlightServerMiddleware {
       String sessionId = null;
 
       final Iterable<String> it = incomingHeaders.getAll("cookie");
-      if (it != null) {
-        findIdCookie:
-        for (final String headerValue : it) {
-          for (final String cookie : headerValue.split(" ;")) {
-            final String[] cookiePair = cookie.split("=");
-            if (cookiePair.length != 2) {
-              // Soft failure:  Ignore invalid cookie list field
-              break;
-            }
-
-            if (sessionCookieName.equals(cookiePair[0]) && 
cookiePair[1].length() > 0) {
-              sessionId = cookiePair[1];
-              break findIdCookie;
-            }
+      findIdCookie:
+      for (final String headerValue : it) {
+        for (final String cookie : headerValue.split(" ;")) {
+          final String[] cookiePair = cookie.split("=");
+          if (cookiePair.length != 2) {
+            // Soft failure:  Ignore invalid cookie list field
+            break;
+          }
+
+          if (sessionCookieName.equals(cookiePair[0]) && 
cookiePair[1].length() > 0) {
+            sessionId = cookiePair[1];
+            break findIdCookie;
           }
         }
       }
diff --git 
a/flight/flight-core/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/client/ClientCookieMiddleware.java
 
b/flight/flight-core/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/client/ClientCookieMiddleware.java
index e5eb93400..b33e6b7ec 100644
--- 
a/flight/flight-core/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/client/ClientCookieMiddleware.java
+++ 
b/flight/flight-core/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/client/ClientCookieMiddleware.java
@@ -100,10 +100,7 @@ public class ClientCookieMiddleware implements 
FlightClientMiddleware {
 
   @Override
   public void onHeadersReceived(CallHeaders incomingHeaders) {
-    final Iterable<String> setCookieHeaders = 
incomingHeaders.getAll(SET_COOKIE_HEADER);
-    if (setCookieHeaders != null) {
-      factory.updateCookies(setCookieHeaders);
-    }
+    factory.updateCookies(incomingHeaders.getAll(SET_COOKIE_HEADER));
   }
 
   @Override
diff --git 
a/flight/flight-core/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/grpc/MetadataAdapter.java
 
b/flight/flight-core/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/grpc/MetadataAdapter.java
index a1de16ede..64a0769d6 100644
--- 
a/flight/flight-core/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/grpc/MetadataAdapter.java
+++ 
b/flight/flight-core/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/grpc/MetadataAdapter.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package org.apache.arrow.flight.grpc;
 
 import io.grpc.Metadata;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
@@ -53,13 +54,17 @@ public class MetadataAdapter implements CallHeaders {
 
   @Override
   public Iterable<String> getAll(String key) {
-    return this.metadata.getAll(Metadata.Key.of(key, 
Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER));
+    final Iterable<String> all =
+        this.metadata.getAll(Metadata.Key.of(key, 
Metadata.ASCII_STRING_MARSHALLER));
+    return all != null ? all : Collections.emptyList();
   }
 
   @Override
   public Iterable<byte[]> getAllByte(String key) {
     if (key.endsWith(Metadata.BINARY_HEADER_SUFFIX)) {
-      return this.metadata.getAll(Metadata.Key.of(key, 
Metadata.BINARY_BYTE_MARSHALLER));
+      final Iterable<byte[]> all =
+          this.metadata.getAll(Metadata.Key.of(key, 
Metadata.BINARY_BYTE_MARSHALLER));
+      return all != null ? all : Collections.emptyList();
     }
     return StreamSupport.stream(getAll(key).spliterator(), false)
         .map(String::getBytes)
diff --git 
a/flight/flight-core/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/TestCallOptions.java 
b/flight/flight-core/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/TestCallOptions.java
index a54ce6981..8aef9c69a 100644
--- 
a/flight/flight-core/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/TestCallOptions.java
+++ 
b/flight/flight-core/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/TestCallOptions.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import static 
org.apache.arrow.flight.Location.forGrpcInsecure;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
 
@@ -110,6 +111,16 @@ public class TestCallOptions {
     testHeaders(headers);
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void getAllReturnsEmptyIterableForMissingKey() {
+    FlightCallHeaders headers = new FlightCallHeaders();
+
+    assertNotNull(headers.getAll("missing"));
+    assertFalse(headers.getAll("missing").iterator().hasNext());
+    assertNotNull(headers.getAllByte("missing-bin"));
+    assertFalse(headers.getAllByte("missing-bin").iterator().hasNext());
+  }
+
   private void testHeaders(CallHeaders headers) {
     try (BufferAllocator a = new RootAllocator(Long.MAX_VALUE);
         HeaderProducer producer = new HeaderProducer();
diff --git 
a/flight/flight-core/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/TestErrorMetadata.java
 
b/flight/flight-core/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/TestErrorMetadata.java
index a9a3e355b..214614def 100644
--- 
a/flight/flight-core/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/TestErrorMetadata.java
+++ 
b/flight/flight-core/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/TestErrorMetadata.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import static 
org.apache.arrow.flight.FlightTestUtil.LOCALHOST;
 import static org.apache.arrow.flight.Location.forGrpcInsecure;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
@@ -119,6 +120,16 @@ public class TestErrorMetadata {
     }
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void getAllReturnsEmptyIterableForMissingKey() {
+    ErrorFlightMetadata metadata = new ErrorFlightMetadata();
+
+    assertNotNull(metadata.getAll("missing"));
+    assertFalse(metadata.getAll("missing").iterator().hasNext());
+    assertNotNull(metadata.getAllByte("missing-bin"));
+    assertFalse(metadata.getAllByte("missing-bin").iterator().hasNext());
+  }
+
   private static class StatusRuntimeExceptionProducer extends 
NoOpFlightProducer {
     private final PerfOuterClass.Perf perf;
 
diff --git 
a/flight/flight-core/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/grpc/TestMetadataAdapter.java
 
b/flight/flight-core/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/grpc/TestMetadataAdapter.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b0f5dcfcf
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/flight/flight-core/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/flight/grpc/TestMetadataAdapter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.arrow.flight.grpc;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+
+import io.grpc.Metadata;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class TestMetadataAdapter {
+
+  @Test
+  public void getAllReturnsEmptyIterableForMissingKey() {
+    MetadataAdapter headers = new MetadataAdapter(new Metadata());
+
+    assertNotNull(headers.getAll("missing"));
+    assertFalse(headers.getAll("missing").iterator().hasNext());
+    assertNotNull(headers.getAllByte("missing-bin"));
+    assertFalse(headers.getAllByte("missing-bin").iterator().hasNext());
+  }
+}

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