http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/bval/blob/3f287a7a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/metadata/XmlBuilder.java
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diff --git 
a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/metadata/XmlBuilder.java 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/metadata/XmlBuilder.java
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@@ -0,0 +1,694 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.bval.jsr.metadata;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
+import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
+import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedParameterizedType;
+import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedType;
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
+import java.lang.reflect.Executable;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.lang.reflect.Parameter;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.EnumSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import javax.validation.ConstraintDeclarationException;
+import javax.validation.ConstraintTarget;
+import javax.validation.Payload;
+import javax.validation.ValidationException;
+import javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement;
+
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.ConstraintAnnotationAttributes;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.descriptor.GroupConversion;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.util.AnnotationsManager;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.util.ToUnmodifiable;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.AnnotationProxyBuilder;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.AnnotationType;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.BeanType;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.ClassType;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.ConstraintMappingsType;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.ConstraintType;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.ConstructorType;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.ContainerElementTypeType;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.CrossParameterType;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.ElementType;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.FieldType;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.GetterType;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.GroupConversionType;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.GroupSequenceType;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.GroupsType;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.MethodType;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.ParameterType;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.PayloadType;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.ReturnValueType;
+import org.apache.bval.util.Exceptions;
+import org.apache.bval.util.Lazy;
+import org.apache.bval.util.ObjectUtils;
+import org.apache.bval.util.Validate;
+import org.apache.bval.util.reflection.Reflection;
+import org.apache.commons.weaver.privilizer.Privilizing;
+import org.apache.commons.weaver.privilizer.Privilizing.CallTo;
+
+@Privilizing(@CallTo(Reflection.class))
+public class XmlBuilder {
+    //@formatter:off
+    public enum Version {
+        v10("1.0"), v11("1.1"), v20("2.0");
+
+        final BigDecimal number;
+        private final String id;
+
+        private Version(String number) {
+            this.id = number;
+            this.number = new BigDecimal(number);
+        }
+
+        public String getId() {
+            return id;
+        }
+    }
+    //@formatter:on
+
+    private class ForBean implements MetadataBuilder.ForBean {
+
+        private final BeanType descriptor;
+
+        ForBean(BeanType descriptor) {
+            super();
+            this.descriptor = Validate.notNull(descriptor, "descriptor");
+        }
+
+        Class<?> getBeanClass() {
+            return resolveClass(descriptor.getClazz());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public MetadataBuilder.ForClass getClass(Metas<Class<?>> meta) {
+            return new XmlBuilder.ForClass(descriptor.getClassType());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Map<String, MetadataBuilder.ForContainer<Field>> 
getFields(Metas<Class<?>> meta) {
+            return descriptor.getField().stream()
+                .collect(ToUnmodifiable.map(FieldType::getName, 
XmlBuilder.ForField::new));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Map<String, MetadataBuilder.ForContainer<Method>> 
getGetters(Metas<Class<?>> meta) {
+            return descriptor.getGetter().stream()
+                .collect(ToUnmodifiable.map(GetterType::getName, 
XmlBuilder.ForGetter::new));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Map<Signature, MetadataBuilder.ForExecutable<Constructor<?>>> 
getConstructors(Metas<Class<?>> meta) {
+            if (!atLeast(Version.v11)) {
+                return Collections.emptyMap();
+            }
+            final Function<ConstructorType, Class<?>[]> params = ct -> 
ct.getParameter().stream()
+                
.map(ParameterType::getType).map(XmlBuilder.this::resolveClass).toArray(Class[]::new);
+
+            final Function<ConstructorType, Signature> signature =
+                ct -> new Signature(meta.getHost().getSimpleName(), 
params.apply(ct));
+
+            return descriptor.getConstructor().stream()
+                .collect(Collectors.toMap(signature, 
XmlBuilder.ForConstructor::new));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Map<Signature, MetadataBuilder.ForExecutable<Method>> 
getMethods(Metas<Class<?>> meta) {
+            if (!atLeast(Version.v11)) {
+                return Collections.emptyMap();
+            }
+            final Function<MethodType, Class<?>[]> params = mt -> 
mt.getParameter().stream().map(ParameterType::getType)
+                .map(XmlBuilder.this::resolveClass).toArray(Class[]::new);
+
+            final Function<MethodType, Signature> signature = mt -> new 
Signature(mt.getName(), params.apply(mt));
+
+            return 
descriptor.getMethod().stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(signature, 
XmlBuilder.ForMethod::new));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public final AnnotationBehavior getAnnotationBehavior() {
+            return descriptor.getIgnoreAnnotations() ? 
AnnotationBehavior.EXCLUDE : AnnotationBehavior.INCLUDE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class NonRootLevel<SELF extends NonRootLevel<SELF, D>, D> 
implements HasAnnotationBehavior {
+        protected final D descriptor;
+        private Lazy<Boolean> getIgnoreAnnotations;
+
+        public NonRootLevel(D descriptor) {
+            super();
+            this.descriptor = Validate.notNull(descriptor, "descriptor");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public final AnnotationBehavior getAnnotationBehavior() {
+            return Optional.ofNullable(getIgnoreAnnotations).map(Lazy::get)
+                .map(b -> b.booleanValue() ? AnnotationBehavior.EXCLUDE : 
AnnotationBehavior.INCLUDE)
+                .orElse(AnnotationBehavior.ABSTAIN);
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        final SELF withGetIgnoreAnnotations(Function<D, Boolean> 
getIgnoreAnnotations) {
+            Validate.notNull(getIgnoreAnnotations);
+            this.getIgnoreAnnotations = new Lazy<>(() -> 
getIgnoreAnnotations.apply(descriptor));
+            return (SELF) this;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ForElement<SELF extends XmlBuilder.ForElement<SELF, E, D>, E 
extends AnnotatedElement, D>
+        extends NonRootLevel<SELF, D> implements MetadataBuilder.ForElement<E> 
{
+
+        private Lazy<Annotation[]> getDeclaredConstraints;
+
+        ForElement(D descriptor) {
+            super(descriptor);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public final Annotation[] getDeclaredConstraints(Metas<E> meta) {
+            return lazy(getDeclaredConstraints, "getDeclaredConstraints");
+        }
+
+        final SELF withGetConstraintTypes(Function<D, List<ConstraintType>> 
getConstraintTypes) {
+            return withGetDeclaredConstraints(getConstraintTypes
+                .andThen(l -> 
l.stream().map(XmlBuilder.this::createConstraint).toArray(Annotation[]::new)));
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        final SELF withGetDeclaredConstraints(Function<D, Annotation[]> 
getDeclaredConstraints) {
+            this.getDeclaredConstraints = new Lazy<>(() -> 
getDeclaredConstraints.apply(descriptor));
+            return (SELF) this;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ForClass extends ForElement<ForClass, Class<?>, ClassType> 
implements MetadataBuilder.ForClass {
+
+        ForClass(ClassType descriptor) {
+            super(descriptor);
+            this.withGetConstraintTypes(ct -> ct.getConstraint());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public List<Class<?>> getGroupSequence(Metas<Class<?>> meta) {
+            final GroupSequenceType groupSequence = 
descriptor.getGroupSequence();
+            return groupSequence == null ? null
+                : 
groupSequence.getValue().stream().map(XmlBuilder.this::resolveClass).collect(ToUnmodifiable.list());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ForContainer<SELF extends XmlBuilder.ForContainer<SELF, E, 
D>, E extends AnnotatedElement, D>
+        extends XmlBuilder.ForElement<SELF, E, D> implements 
MetadataBuilder.ForContainer<E> {
+
+        private Lazy<Boolean> isCascade;
+        private Lazy<Set<GroupConversion>> getGroupConversions;
+        private Lazy<List<ContainerElementTypeType>> getContainerElementTypes;
+
+        ForContainer(D descriptor) {
+            super(descriptor);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean isCascade(Metas<E> meta) {
+            return lazy(isCascade, "isCascade").booleanValue();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Set<GroupConversion> getGroupConversions(Metas<E> meta) {
+            return lazy(getGroupConversions, "getGroupConversions");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Map<ContainerElementKey, 
MetadataBuilder.ForContainer<AnnotatedType>> getContainerElementTypes(
+            Metas<E> meta) {
+            if (!atLeast(Version.v20)) {
+                return Collections.emptyMap();
+            }
+            final List<ContainerElementTypeType> elements = 
lazy(getContainerElementTypes, "getContainerElementTypes");
+            final AnnotatedType annotatedType = meta.getAnnotatedType();
+            final E host = meta.getHost();
+
+            if (annotatedType instanceof AnnotatedParameterizedType) {
+                final AnnotatedType[] actualTypeArguments =
+                    ((AnnotatedParameterizedType) 
annotatedType).getAnnotatedActualTypeArguments();
+
+                return elements.stream().collect(ToUnmodifiable.map(cet -> {
+                    Integer typeArgumentIndex = cet.getTypeArgumentIndex();
+                    if (typeArgumentIndex == null) {
+                        Exceptions.raiseIf(actualTypeArguments.length > 1, 
ValidationException::new,
+                            "Missing required type argument index for %s", 
host);
+                        typeArgumentIndex = Integer.valueOf(0);
+                    }
+                    return new 
ContainerElementKey((AnnotatedParameterizedType) annotatedType, 
typeArgumentIndex);
+                }, XmlBuilder.ForContainerElementType::new));
+            }
+            Exceptions.raiseUnless(elements.isEmpty(), 
ValidationException::new,
+                "Illegally specified %d container element type(s) for %s", 
elements.size(), host);
+
+            return Collections.emptyMap();
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        SELF withGetValid(Function<D, String> getValid) {
+            Validate.notNull(getValid);
+            this.isCascade = new Lazy<>(() -> getValid.apply(descriptor) != 
null);
+            return (SELF) this;
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        SELF withGetGroupConversions(Function<D, List<GroupConversionType>> 
getGroupConversions) {
+            Validate.notNull(getGroupConversions);
+
+            this.getGroupConversions = new Lazy<>(() -> {
+                return getGroupConversions.apply(descriptor).stream().map(gc 
-> {
+                    final Class<?> source = resolveClass(gc.getFrom());
+                    final Class<?> target = resolveClass(gc.getTo());
+                    return GroupConversion.from(source).to(target);
+                }).collect(ToUnmodifiable.set());
+            });
+            return (SELF) this;
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        SELF withGetContainerElementTypes(Function<D, 
List<ContainerElementTypeType>> getContainerElementTypes) {
+            Validate.notNull(getContainerElementTypes);
+            this.getContainerElementTypes = new Lazy<>(() -> 
getContainerElementTypes.apply(descriptor));
+            return (SELF) this;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ForContainerElementType
+        extends ForContainer<ForContainerElementType, AnnotatedType, 
ContainerElementTypeType> {
+
+        ForContainerElementType(ContainerElementTypeType descriptor) {
+            super(descriptor);
+            
this.withGetConstraintTypes(ContainerElementTypeType::getConstraint)
+                .withGetValid(ContainerElementTypeType::getValid)
+                
.withGetGroupConversions(ContainerElementTypeType::getConvertGroup)
+                
.withGetContainerElementTypes(ContainerElementTypeType::getContainerElementType);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ForField extends XmlBuilder.ForContainer<ForField, Field, 
FieldType> {
+
+        ForField(FieldType descriptor) {
+            super(descriptor);
+            this.withGetIgnoreAnnotations(FieldType::getIgnoreAnnotations)
+                
.withGetConstraintTypes(FieldType::getConstraint).withGetValid(FieldType::getValid)
+                .withGetGroupConversions(FieldType::getConvertGroup)
+                
.withGetContainerElementTypes(FieldType::getContainerElementType);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ForGetter extends XmlBuilder.ForContainer<ForGetter, Method, 
GetterType> {
+
+        ForGetter(GetterType descriptor) {
+            super(descriptor);
+            this.withGetIgnoreAnnotations(GetterType::getIgnoreAnnotations)
+                
.withGetConstraintTypes(GetterType::getConstraint).withGetValid(GetterType::getValid)
+                .withGetGroupConversions(GetterType::getConvertGroup)
+                
.withGetContainerElementTypes(GetterType::getContainerElementType);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private abstract class ForExecutable<SELF extends ForExecutable<SELF, E, 
D>, E extends Executable, D>
+        extends NonRootLevel<SELF, D> implements 
MetadataBuilder.ForExecutable<E> {
+
+        Lazy<ReturnValueType> getReturnValue;
+        Lazy<CrossParameterType> getCrossParameter;
+        Lazy<List<ParameterType>> getParameters;
+
+        ForExecutable(D descriptor) {
+            super(descriptor);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public MetadataBuilder.ForElement<E> getCrossParameter(Metas<E> meta) {
+            return new XmlBuilder.ForCrossParameter<>(lazy(getCrossParameter, 
"getCrossParameter"));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public MetadataBuilder.ForContainer<E> getReturnValue(Metas<E> meta) {
+            return new XmlBuilder.ForReturnValue<>(lazy(getReturnValue, 
"getReturnValue"));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public List<MetadataBuilder.ForContainer<Parameter>> 
getParameters(Metas<E> meta) {
+            return lazy(getParameters, 
"getParameters").stream().map(XmlBuilder.ForParameter::new)
+                .collect(Collectors.toList());
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        SELF withGetReturnValue(Function<D, ReturnValueType> getReturnValue) {
+            Validate.notNull(getReturnValue);
+            this.getReturnValue = new Lazy<>(() -> 
getReturnValue.apply(descriptor));
+            return (SELF) this;
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        SELF withGetCrossParameter(Function<D, CrossParameterType> 
getCrossParameter) {
+            Validate.notNull(getCrossParameter);
+            this.getCrossParameter = new Lazy<>(() -> 
getCrossParameter.apply(descriptor));
+            return (SELF) this;
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        SELF withGetParameters(Function<D, List<ParameterType>> getParameters) 
{
+            Validate.notNull(getParameters);
+            this.getParameters = new Lazy<>(() -> 
getParameters.apply(descriptor));
+            return (SELF) this;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ForConstructor extends ForExecutable<ForConstructor, 
Constructor<?>, ConstructorType> {
+
+        ForConstructor(ConstructorType descriptor) {
+            super(descriptor);
+            
this.withGetIgnoreAnnotations(ConstructorType::getIgnoreAnnotations)
+                .withGetReturnValue(ConstructorType::getReturnValue)
+                .withGetCrossParameter(ConstructorType::getCrossParameter)
+                .withGetParameters(ConstructorType::getParameter);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ForMethod extends ForExecutable<ForMethod, Method, 
MethodType> {
+
+        ForMethod(MethodType descriptor) {
+            super(descriptor);
+            this.withGetIgnoreAnnotations(MethodType::getIgnoreAnnotations)
+                
.withGetReturnValue(MethodType::getReturnValue).withGetCrossParameter(MethodType::getCrossParameter)
+                .withGetParameters(MethodType::getParameter);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ForParameter extends ForContainer<ForParameter, Parameter, 
ParameterType> {
+
+        ForParameter(ParameterType descriptor) {
+            super(descriptor);
+            this.withGetIgnoreAnnotations(ParameterType::getIgnoreAnnotations)
+                
.withGetConstraintTypes(ParameterType::getConstraint).withGetValid(ParameterType::getValid)
+                .withGetGroupConversions(ParameterType::getConvertGroup)
+                
.withGetContainerElementTypes(ParameterType::getContainerElementType);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ForCrossParameter<E extends Executable>
+        extends ForElement<ForCrossParameter<E>, E, CrossParameterType> {
+
+        ForCrossParameter(CrossParameterType descriptor) {
+            super(descriptor);
+            
this.withGetIgnoreAnnotations(CrossParameterType::getIgnoreAnnotations)
+                .withGetDeclaredConstraints(d -> d.getConstraint().stream()
+                    .map(ct -> createConstraint(ct, 
ConstraintTarget.PARAMETERS)).toArray(Annotation[]::new));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ForReturnValue<E extends Executable> extends 
ForContainer<ForReturnValue<E>, E, ReturnValueType> {
+
+        ForReturnValue(ReturnValueType descriptor) {
+            super(descriptor);
+            this.withGetDeclaredConstraints(d -> d.getConstraint().stream()
+                .map(ct -> createConstraint(ct, 
ConstraintTarget.RETURN_VALUE)).toArray(Annotation[]::new))
+                .withGetContainerElementTypes(d -> 
d.getContainerElementType());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final Set<ConstraintAnnotationAttributes> RESERVED_PARAMS = 
Collections
+        .unmodifiableSet(EnumSet.of(ConstraintAnnotationAttributes.GROUPS, 
ConstraintAnnotationAttributes.MESSAGE,
+            ConstraintAnnotationAttributes.PAYLOAD, 
ConstraintAnnotationAttributes.VALIDATION_APPLIES_TO));
+
+    static final <T> T lazy(Lazy<T> lazy, String name) {
+        Validate.validState(lazy != null, "%s not set", name);
+        return lazy.get();
+    }
+
+    private final ConstraintMappingsType constraintMappings;
+    private final BigDecimal version;
+
+    public XmlBuilder(ConstraintMappingsType constraintMappings) {
+        super();
+        this.constraintMappings = constraintMappings;
+        Validate.notNull(constraintMappings, "constraintMappings");
+
+        BigDecimal v;
+        try {
+            v = new BigDecimal(constraintMappings.getVersion());
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            v = Version.v10.number;
+        }
+        this.version = v;
+    }
+
+    public Map<Class<?>, MetadataBuilder.ForBean> forBeans() {
+        return 
constraintMappings.getBean().stream().map(XmlBuilder.ForBean::new)
+            .collect(ToUnmodifiable.map(XmlBuilder.ForBean::getBeanClass, 
Function.identity()));
+    }
+
+    public String getDefaultPackage() {
+        return constraintMappings.getDefaultPackage();
+    }
+
+    boolean atLeast(Version v) {
+        return version.compareTo(v.number) >= 0;
+    }
+
+    <T> Class<T> resolveClass(String className) {
+        return loadClass(toQualifiedClassName(className));
+    }
+
+    private String toQualifiedClassName(String className) {
+        if (isQualifiedClass(className)) {
+            return className;
+        }
+        if (className.startsWith("[L") && className.endsWith(";")) {
+            return "[L" + getDefaultPackage() + "." + className.substring(2);
+        }
+        return getDefaultPackage() + "." + className;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isQualifiedClass(String clazz) {
+        return clazz.indexOf('.') >= 0;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    private <T> Class<T> loadClass(final String fqn) {
+        ClassLoader loader = Reflection.getClassLoader(XmlBuilder.class);
+        if (loader == null) {
+            loader = getClass().getClassLoader();
+        }
+        try {
+            return (Class<T>) Class.forName(fqn, true, loader);
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
+            throw Exceptions.create(ValidationException::new, ex, "Unable to 
load class: %d", fqn);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Class<?>[] loadClasses(Supplier<Stream<String>> classNames) {
+        return streamClasses(classNames).toArray(Class[]::new);
+    }
+
+    private Stream<Class<?>> streamClasses(Supplier<Stream<String>> 
classNames) {
+        return classNames.get().map(this::loadClass);
+    }
+
+    private <A extends Annotation, T> A createConstraint(final ConstraintType 
constraint) {
+        return createConstraint(constraint, ConstraintTarget.IMPLICIT);
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    private <A extends Annotation, T> A createConstraint(final ConstraintType 
constraint, ConstraintTarget target) {
+
+        final Class<A> annotationClass = (Class<A>) 
loadClass(toQualifiedClassName(constraint.getAnnotation()));
+        final AnnotationProxyBuilder<A> annoBuilder = new 
AnnotationProxyBuilder<A>(annotationClass);
+
+        if (constraint.getMessage() != null) {
+            annoBuilder.setMessage(constraint.getMessage());
+        }
+        annoBuilder.setGroups(getGroups(constraint.getGroups()));
+        annoBuilder.setPayload(getPayload(constraint.getPayload()));
+
+        if (AnnotationsManager.declaresAttribute(annotationClass,
+            
ConstraintAnnotationAttributes.VALIDATION_APPLIES_TO.getAttributeName())) {
+            annoBuilder.setValidationAppliesTo(target);
+        }
+
+        for (final ElementType elementType : constraint.getElement()) {
+            final String name = elementType.getName();
+            checkValidName(name);
+
+            final Class<?> returnType = 
getAnnotationParameterType(annotationClass, name);
+            final Object elementValue = getElementValue(elementType, 
returnType);
+            annoBuilder.setValue(name, elementValue);
+        }
+        return annoBuilder.createAnnotation();
+    }
+
+    private void checkValidName(String name) {
+        
Exceptions.raiseIf(RESERVED_PARAMS.stream().map(ConstraintAnnotationAttributes::getAttributeName)
+            .anyMatch(Predicate.isEqual(name)), ValidationException::new, "%s 
is a reserved parameter name.", name);
+    }
+
+    private <A extends Annotation> Class<?> getAnnotationParameterType(final 
Class<A> annotationClass,
+        final String name) {
+        final Method m = Reflection.getPublicMethod(annotationClass, name);
+        Exceptions.raiseIf(m == null, ValidationException::new,
+            "Annotation of type %s does not contain a parameter %s.", 
annotationClass.getName(), name);
+        return m.getReturnType();
+    }
+
+    private Object getElementValue(ElementType elementType, Class<?> 
returnType) {
+        removeEmptyContentElements(elementType);
+
+        final List<Serializable> content = elementType.getContent();
+        final int sz = content.size();
+        if (returnType.isArray()) {
+            final Object result = 
Array.newInstance(returnType.getComponentType(), sz);
+            for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+                Array.set(result, i, getSingleValue(content.get(i), 
returnType.getComponentType()));
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+        Exceptions.raiseIf(sz != 1, ValidationException::new,
+            "Attempt to specify an array where single value is expected.");
+
+        return getSingleValue(content.get(0), returnType);
+    }
+
+    private void removeEmptyContentElements(ElementType elementType) {
+        for (Iterator<Serializable> iter = 
elementType.getContent().iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
+            final Serializable content = iter.next();
+            if (content instanceof String && ((String) content).matches("[\\n 
].*")) {
+                iter.remove();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    private Object getSingleValue(Serializable serializable, Class<?> 
returnType) {
+        if (serializable instanceof String) {
+            return convertToResultType(returnType, (String) serializable);
+        }
+        if (serializable instanceof JAXBElement<?>) {
+            final JAXBElement<?> elem = (JAXBElement<?>) serializable;
+            if (String.class.equals(elem.getDeclaredType())) {
+                return convertToResultType(returnType, (String) 
elem.getValue());
+            }
+            if (AnnotationType.class.equals(elem.getDeclaredType())) {
+                AnnotationType annotationType = (AnnotationType) 
elem.getValue();
+                try {
+                    return createAnnotation(annotationType, (Class<? extends 
Annotation>) returnType);
+                } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+                    throw new ValidationException("Unexpected parameter 
value");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        throw new ValidationException("Unexpected parameter value");
+    }
+
+    private Object convertToResultType(Class<?> returnType, String value) {
+        /**
+         * Class is represented by the fully qualified class name of the 
class. spec: Note that if the raw string is
+         * unqualified, default package is taken into account.
+         */
+        if (String.class.equals(returnType)) {
+            return value;
+        }
+        if (Class.class.equals(returnType)) {
+            return resolveClass(value);
+        }
+        if (returnType.isEnum()) {
+            try {
+                @SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" })
+                final Enum e = Enum.valueOf(returnType.asSubclass(Enum.class), 
value);
+                return e;
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                throw new ConstraintDeclarationException(e);
+            }
+        }
+        if (Byte.class.equals(returnType) || byte.class.equals(returnType)) {
+            // spec mandates it:
+            return Byte.parseByte(value);
+        }
+        if (Short.class.equals(returnType) || short.class.equals(returnType)) {
+            return Short.parseShort(value);
+        }
+        if (Integer.class.equals(returnType) || int.class.equals(returnType)) {
+            return Integer.parseInt(value);
+        }
+        if (Long.class.equals(returnType) || long.class.equals(returnType)) {
+            return Long.parseLong(value);
+        }
+        if (Float.class.equals(returnType) || float.class.equals(returnType)) {
+            return Float.parseFloat(value);
+        }
+        if (Double.class.equals(returnType) || 
double.class.equals(returnType)) {
+            return Double.parseDouble(value);
+        }
+        if (Boolean.class.equals(returnType) || 
boolean.class.equals(returnType)) {
+            return Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
+        }
+        if (Character.class.equals(returnType) || 
char.class.equals(returnType)) {
+            Exceptions.raiseIf(value.length() > 1, 
ConstraintDeclarationException::new,
+                "a char must have a length of 1");
+            return value.charAt(0);
+        }
+        return Exceptions.raise(ValidationException::new, "Unknown annotation 
value type %s", returnType.getName());
+    }
+
+    private <A extends Annotation> Annotation createAnnotation(AnnotationType 
annotationType, Class<A> returnType) {
+        final AnnotationProxyBuilder<A> metaAnnotation = new 
AnnotationProxyBuilder<>(returnType);
+        for (ElementType elementType : annotationType.getElement()) {
+            final String name = elementType.getName();
+            metaAnnotation.setValue(name, getElementValue(elementType, 
getAnnotationParameterType(returnType, name)));
+        }
+        return metaAnnotation.createAnnotation();
+    }
+
+    private Class<?>[] getGroups(GroupsType groupsType) {
+        if (groupsType == null) {
+            return ObjectUtils.EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY;
+        }
+        return loadClasses(groupsType.getValue()::stream);
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    private Class<? extends Payload>[] getPayload(PayloadType payloadType) {
+        if (payloadType == null) {
+            return (Class<? extends Payload>[]) ObjectUtils.EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY;
+        }
+        return streamClasses(payloadType.getValue()::stream).peek(pc -> {
+            Exceptions.raiseUnless(Payload.class.isAssignableFrom(pc), 
ConstraintDeclarationException::new,
+                "Specified payload class %s does not implement %s", 
pc.getName(), Payload.class.getName());
+        }).<Class<? extends Payload>> map(pc -> 
pc.asSubclass(Payload.class)).toArray(Class[]::new);
+    }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/bval/blob/3f287a7a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/metadata/XmlValidationMappingProvider.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/metadata/XmlValidationMappingProvider.java
 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/metadata/XmlValidationMappingProvider.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a47d1c6
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/metadata/XmlValidationMappingProvider.java
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.bval.jsr.metadata;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
+
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.ValidatedByType;
+import org.apache.bval.util.Validate;
+
+public class XmlValidationMappingProvider extends 
ClassLoadingValidatorMappingProvider {
+    private static final Logger log = 
Logger.getLogger(XmlValidationMappingProvider.class.getName());
+
+    private final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, ValidatedByType> config;
+    private final Function<String, String> classNameTransformer;
+
+    public XmlValidationMappingProvider(Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, 
ValidatedByType> validatorMappings,
+        Function<String, String> classNameTransformer) {
+        super();
+        this.config = Validate.notNull(validatorMappings, "validatorMappings");
+        this.classNameTransformer = Validate.notNull(classNameTransformer, 
"classNameTransformer");
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
+    @Override
+    public <A extends Annotation> ValidatorMapping<A> 
doGetValidatorMapping(Class<A> constraintType) {
+        final ValidatedByType validatedByType = config.get(constraintType);
+        if (validatedByType == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return new ValidatorMapping<>("XML descriptor",
+            
load(validatedByType.getValue().stream().map(String::trim).map(classNameTransformer),
+                (Class<ConstraintValidator<A, ?>>) (Class) 
ConstraintValidator.class,
+                e -> log.log(Level.SEVERE, "exception loading XML-declared 
constraint validators", e))
+                    .collect(Collectors.toList()),
+            toAnnotationBehavior(validatedByType));
+    }
+
+    private AnnotationBehavior toAnnotationBehavior(ValidatedByType 
validatedByType) {
+        final Boolean includeExistingValidators = 
validatedByType.getIncludeExistingValidators();
+        return includeExistingValidators == null ? AnnotationBehavior.ABSTAIN
+            : includeExistingValidators.booleanValue() ? 
AnnotationBehavior.INCLUDE : AnnotationBehavior.EXCLUDE;
+    }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/bval/blob/3f287a7a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/parameter/DefaultParameterNameProvider.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/parameter/DefaultParameterNameProvider.java
 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/parameter/DefaultParameterNameProvider.java
index 2b43bcd..dec9ae8 100644
--- 
a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/parameter/DefaultParameterNameProvider.java
+++ 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/parameter/DefaultParameterNameProvider.java
@@ -18,30 +18,29 @@
  */
 package org.apache.bval.jsr.parameter;
 
-import javax.validation.ParameterNameProvider;
 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
+import java.lang.reflect.Executable;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.lang.reflect.Parameter;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import javax.validation.ParameterNameProvider;
 
 public class DefaultParameterNameProvider implements ParameterNameProvider {
-    private static final String ARG = "arg";
+
+    private static List<String> parameterNames(Executable exe) {
+        return 
Stream.of(exe.getParameters()).map(Parameter::getName).collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
 
     @Override
     public List<String> getParameterNames(Constructor<?> constructor) {
-        return names(constructor.getParameterTypes().length);
+        return parameterNames(constructor);
     }
 
     @Override
     public List<String> getParameterNames(Method method) {
-        return names(method.getParameterTypes().length);
-    }
-
-    private static List<String> names(final int length) {
-        final List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
-        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-            list.add(ARG + i);
-        }
-        return list;
+        return parameterNames(method);
     }
 }

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/bval/blob/3f287a7a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/resolver/CachingTraversableResolver.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/resolver/CachingTraversableResolver.java
 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/resolver/CachingTraversableResolver.java
index 05639c7..2f212de 100644
--- 
a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/resolver/CachingTraversableResolver.java
+++ 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/resolver/CachingTraversableResolver.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import javax.validation.TraversableResolver;
 import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
 
 /**
  * Cache results of a delegated traversable resovler to optimize calls
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ import java.util.Map;
  */
 public class CachingTraversableResolver implements TraversableResolver, 
CachingRelevant {
     private TraversableResolver delegate;
-    private Map<CacheEntry, CacheEntry> cache = new HashMap<CacheEntry, 
CacheEntry>();
+    private Map<CacheEntry, CacheEntry> cache = new HashMap<>();
 
     /**
      * Convenience method to check whether caching is necessary on a given 
{@link TraversableResolver}.
@@ -61,11 +62,8 @@ public class CachingTraversableResolver implements 
TraversableResolver, CachingR
      * @see #needsCaching(TraversableResolver)
      */
     public static TraversableResolver cacheFor(TraversableResolver 
traversableResolver) {
-        if (needsCaching(traversableResolver)) {
-            return new CachingTraversableResolver(traversableResolver);
-        } else {
-            return traversableResolver;
-        }
+        return needsCaching(traversableResolver) ? new 
CachingTraversableResolver(traversableResolver)
+            : traversableResolver;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -158,15 +156,14 @@ public class CachingTraversableResolver implements 
TraversableResolver, CachingR
             if (this == o) {
                 return true;
             }
-            if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+            if (o == null || !getClass().equals(o.getClass())) {
                 return false;
             }
 
             CacheEntry that = (CacheEntry) o;
 
-            return elementType == that.elementType && path.equals(that.path) 
&& type.equals(that.type)
-                && !(object != null ? !object.equals(that.object) : 
that.object != null) && node.equals(that.node);
-
+            return elementType == that.elementType && Objects.equals(path, 
that.path) && Objects.equals(type, that.type)
+                && Objects.equals(object, that.object) && Objects.equals(node, 
that.node);
         }
 
         /**
@@ -178,12 +175,7 @@ public class CachingTraversableResolver implements 
TraversableResolver, CachingR
         }
 
         private int buildHashCode() {
-            int result = object != null ? object.hashCode() : 0;
-            result = 31 * result + node.hashCode();
-            result = 31 * result + type.hashCode();
-            result = 31 * result + path.hashCode();
-            result = 31 * result + elementType.hashCode();
-            return result;
+            return Objects.hash(object, node, type, path, elementType);
         }
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/bval/blob/3f287a7a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/AnnotationsManager.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/AnnotationsManager.java 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/AnnotationsManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b53b513
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/AnnotationsManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.bval.jsr.util;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
+import java.lang.annotation.Repeatable;
+import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.EnumSet;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import javax.validation.Constraint;
+import javax.validation.ConstraintDefinitionException;
+import javax.validation.ConstraintTarget;
+import javax.validation.OverridesAttribute;
+import javax.validation.Payload;
+import javax.validation.ValidationException;
+import javax.validation.constraintvalidation.ValidationTarget;
+
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.ApacheValidatorFactory;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.ConfigurationImpl;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.ConstraintAnnotationAttributes;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.ConstraintCached.ConstraintValidatorInfo;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.groups.Group;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.groups.Groups;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.groups.GroupsComputer;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.metadata.Metas;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.xml.AnnotationProxyBuilder;
+import org.apache.bval.util.Exceptions;
+import org.apache.bval.util.Lazy;
+import org.apache.bval.util.StringUtils;
+import org.apache.bval.util.Validate;
+import org.apache.bval.util.reflection.Reflection;
+import org.apache.commons.weaver.privilizer.Privilizing;
+import org.apache.commons.weaver.privilizer.Privilizing.CallTo;
+
+/**
+ * Manages (constraint) annotations according to the BV spec.
+ * 
+ * @since 2.0
+ */
+@Privilizing(@CallTo(Reflection.class))
+public class AnnotationsManager {
+    private static final class OverriddenAnnotationSpecifier {
+        final Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType;
+        final boolean impliesSingleComposingConstraint;
+        final int constraintIndex;
+
+        OverriddenAnnotationSpecifier(OverridesAttribute annotation) {
+            this(annotation.constraint(), annotation.constraintIndex());
+        }
+
+        OverriddenAnnotationSpecifier(Class<? extends Annotation> 
annotationType, int constraintIndex) {
+            super();
+            this.annotationType = annotationType;
+            this.impliesSingleComposingConstraint = constraintIndex < 0;
+            this.constraintIndex = Math.max(constraintIndex, 0);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+            if (obj == this) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (obj == null || !obj.getClass().equals(getClass())) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            final OverriddenAnnotationSpecifier other = 
(OverriddenAnnotationSpecifier) obj;
+            return Objects.equals(annotationType, other.annotationType) && 
constraintIndex == other.constraintIndex;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hash(annotationType, constraintIndex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class Composition {
+        final Lazy<Map<OverriddenAnnotationSpecifier, Map<String, String>>> 
overrides = new Lazy<>(HashMap::new);
+        final Annotation[] components;
+
+        Composition(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType) {
+            // TODO detect recursion
+            components = getDeclaredConstraints(annotationType);
+
+            if (!isComposed()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, AtomicInteger> 
constraintCounts = new HashMap<>();
+            for (Annotation a : components) {
+                constraintCounts.computeIfAbsent(a.annotationType(), k -> new 
AtomicInteger()).incrementAndGet();
+            }
+            // create a map of overridden constraints to overridden attributes:
+            for (Method m : Reflection.getDeclaredMethods(annotationType)) {
+                final String from = m.getName();
+                for (OverridesAttribute overridesAttribute : 
m.getDeclaredAnnotationsByType(OverridesAttribute.class)) {
+                    final String to =
+                        
Optional.of(overridesAttribute.name()).filter(StringUtils::isNotBlank).orElse(from);
+
+                    final OverriddenAnnotationSpecifier spec = new 
OverriddenAnnotationSpecifier(overridesAttribute);
+                    final int count = 
constraintCounts.get(spec.annotationType).get();
+
+                    if (spec.impliesSingleComposingConstraint) {
+                        Exceptions.raiseUnless(count == 1, 
ConstraintDefinitionException::new,
+                            "Expected a single composing %s constraint", 
spec.annotationType);
+                    } else {
+                        Exceptions.raiseUnless(count > spec.constraintIndex, 
ConstraintDefinitionException::new,
+                            "Expected at least %s composing %s constraints", 
spec.constraintIndex + 1,
+                            spec.annotationType);
+                    }
+                    final Map<String, String> attributeMapping =
+                        overrides.get().computeIfAbsent(spec, k -> new 
HashMap<>());
+
+                    Exceptions.raiseIf(attributeMapping.containsKey(to), 
ConstraintDefinitionException::new,
+                        "Attempt to override %s#%s() index %d from multiple 
sources", overridesAttribute.constraint(),
+                        to, overridesAttribute.constraintIndex());
+
+                    attributeMapping.put(to, from);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        boolean isComposed() {
+            return components.length > 0;
+        }
+
+        Annotation[] getComponents(Annotation source) {
+            final Class<?>[] groups =
+                
ConstraintAnnotationAttributes.GROUPS.analyze(source.annotationType()).read(source);
+
+            final Class<? extends Payload>[] payload =
+                
ConstraintAnnotationAttributes.PAYLOAD.analyze(source.annotationType()).read(source);
+
+            final Optional<ConstraintTarget> constraintTarget =
+                
Optional.of(source.annotationType()).map(ConstraintAnnotationAttributes.VALIDATION_APPLIES_TO::analyze)
+                    
.filter(ConstraintAnnotationAttributes.Worker::isValid).map(w -> 
w.read(source));
+
+            final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, AtomicInteger> 
constraintCounts = new HashMap<>();
+
+            return Stream.of(components).map(c -> {
+                final int index =
+                    constraintCounts.computeIfAbsent(c.annotationType(), k -> 
new AtomicInteger()).getAndIncrement();
+
+                final AnnotationProxyBuilder<Annotation> proxyBuilder = new 
AnnotationProxyBuilder<>(c);
+
+                proxyBuilder.setGroups(groups);
+                proxyBuilder.setPayload(payload);
+                
constraintTarget.ifPresent(proxyBuilder::setValidationAppliesTo);
+
+                overrides.optional().map(o -> o.get(new 
OverriddenAnnotationSpecifier(c.annotationType(), index)))
+                    .ifPresent(m -> {
+                        final Map<String, Object> sourceAttributes = 
readAttributes(source);
+                        m.forEach((k, v) -> proxyBuilder.setValue(k, 
sourceAttributes.get(v)));
+                    });
+                return proxyBuilder.isChanged() ? 
proxyBuilder.createAnnotation() : c;
+            }).toArray(Annotation[]::new);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static Map<String, Object> readAttributes(Annotation a) {
+        final Lazy<Map<String, Object>> result = new 
Lazy<>(LinkedHashMap::new);
+
+        Stream.of(Reflection.getDeclaredMethods(a.annotationType())).filter(m 
-> m.getParameterCount() == 0)
+            .forEach(m -> {
+                final boolean mustUnset = Reflection.setAccessible(m, true);
+                try {
+                    result.get().put(m.getName(), m.invoke(a));
+                } catch (IllegalAccessException | IllegalArgumentException | 
InvocationTargetException e) {
+                    Exceptions.raise(ValidationException::new, e, "Caught 
exception reading attributes of %s", a);
+                } finally {
+                    if (mustUnset) {
+                        Reflection.setAccessible(m, false);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        return 
result.optional().map(Collections::unmodifiableMap).orElseGet(Collections::emptyMap);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Meta-annotation aware.
+     * 
+     * @param e
+     * @param t
+     * @return {@code boolean}
+     * @see AnnotatedElement#isAnnotationPresent(Class)
+     */
+    public static boolean isAnnotationPresent(AnnotatedElement e, Class<? 
extends Annotation> t) {
+        if (e.isAnnotationPresent(t)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return 
Stream.of(e.getAnnotations()).map(Annotation::annotationType).anyMatch(a -> 
isAnnotationPresent(a, t));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get declared annotations with a particular meta-annotation.
+     * 
+     * @param e
+     * @param meta
+     * @return {@link Annotation}[]
+     */
+    public static Annotation[] getDeclared(AnnotatedElement e, Class<? extends 
Annotation> meta) {
+        return Stream.of(e.getDeclaredAnnotations()).filter(ann -> 
isAnnotationPresent(ann.annotationType(), meta))
+            .toArray(Annotation[]::new);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Accounts for {@link Constraint} meta-annotation AND {@link Repeatable}
+     * constraint annotations.
+     * 
+     * @param meta
+     * @return Annotation[]
+     */
+    public static Annotation[] getDeclaredConstraints(Metas<?> meta) {
+        final Annotation[] result = getDeclaredConstraints(meta.getHost());
+        final Class<?> dc = meta.getDeclaringClass();
+        if (dc.isInterface()) {
+            final GroupsComputer groupsComputer = new GroupsComputer();
+            // ensure interface group is implied by Default group:
+            Stream.of(result).map(c -> {
+                final Groups groups = groupsComputer
+                    
.computeGroups(ConstraintAnnotationAttributes.GROUPS.analyze(c.annotationType()).read(c));
+                if (groups.getGroups().stream().anyMatch(Group::isDefault)) {
+                    final Set<Class<?>> groupClasses = 
groups.getGroups().stream().map(Group::getGroup)
+                        .collect(Collectors.toCollection(LinkedHashSet::new));
+                    if (groupClasses.add(dc)) {
+                        final AnnotationProxyBuilder<?> proxyBuilder = new 
AnnotationProxyBuilder<>(c);
+                        proxyBuilder.setGroups(groupClasses.toArray(new 
Class[groupClasses.size()]));
+                        return proxyBuilder.createAnnotation();
+                    }
+                }
+                return c;
+            }).toArray(n -> result);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static Annotation[] getDeclaredConstraints(AnnotatedElement e) {
+        return 
Stream.of(e.getDeclaredAnnotations()).flatMap((Function<Annotation, 
Stream<Annotation>>) a -> {
+            final ConstraintAnnotationAttributes.Worker<? extends Annotation> 
analyzer =
+                
ConstraintAnnotationAttributes.VALUE.analyze(a.annotationType());
+            if (analyzer.isValid()) {
+                return Stream.of(analyzer.<Annotation[]> read(a));
+            }
+            return Stream.of(a);
+        }).filter(a -> 
a.annotationType().isAnnotationPresent(Constraint.class)).toArray(Annotation[]::new);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean declaresAttribute(Class<? extends Annotation> 
annotationType, String name) {
+        try {
+            annotationType.getDeclaredMethod(name);
+            return true;
+        } catch (NoSuchMethodException | SecurityException e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final ApacheValidatorFactory validatorFactory;
+    private final LRUCache<Class<? extends Annotation>, Composition> 
compositions;
+
+    public AnnotationsManager(ApacheValidatorFactory validatorFactory) {
+        super();
+        this.validatorFactory = Validate.notNull(validatorFactory);
+        final String cacheSize =
+            
validatorFactory.getProperties().get(ConfigurationImpl.Properties.CONSTRAINTS_CACHE_SIZE);
+        try {
+            compositions = new LRUCache<>(Integer.parseInt(cacheSize));
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            throw Exceptions.create(IllegalStateException::new, e,
+                "Cannot parse value %s for configuration property %s", 
cacheSize,
+                ConfigurationImpl.Properties.CONSTRAINTS_CACHE_SIZE);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the composing constraints for the specified constraint
+     * {@link Annotation}.
+     * 
+     * @param a
+     * @return {@link Annotation}[]
+     */
+    public Annotation[] getComposingConstraints(Annotation a) {
+        return getComposition(a.annotationType()).getComponents(a);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Learn whether {@code a} is composed.
+     * 
+     * @param a
+     * @return {@code boolean}
+     */
+    public boolean isComposed(Annotation a) {
+        return getComposition(a.annotationType()).isComposed();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the supported targets for {@code constraintType}.
+     * 
+     * @param constraintType
+     * @return {@link Set} of {@link ValidationTarget}
+     */
+    public <A extends Annotation> Set<ValidationTarget> 
supportedTargets(Class<A> constraintType) {
+        final Set<ConstraintValidatorInfo<A>> constraintValidatorInfo =
+            
validatorFactory.getConstraintsCache().getConstraintValidatorInfo(constraintType);
+        final Stream<Set<ValidationTarget>> s;
+        if (constraintValidatorInfo.isEmpty()) {
+            // must be for composition:
+            s = Stream.of(new 
Composition(constraintType).components).map(Annotation::annotationType)
+                .map(this::supportedTargets);
+        } else {
+            s = 
constraintValidatorInfo.stream().map(ConstraintValidatorInfo::getSupportedTargets);
+        }
+        return s.flatMap(Collection::stream)
+            .collect(Collectors.toCollection(() -> 
EnumSet.noneOf(ValidationTarget.class)));
+    }
+
+    private Composition getComposition(Class<? extends Annotation> 
annotationType) {
+        return compositions.computeIfAbsent(annotationType, ct -> {
+            final Set<ValidationTarget> composedTargets = 
supportedTargets(annotationType);
+            final Composition result = new Composition(annotationType);
+            
Stream.of(result.components).map(Annotation::annotationType).forEach(at -> {
+                final Set<ValidationTarget> composingTargets = 
supportedTargets(at);
+                Exceptions.raiseIf(Collections.disjoint(composingTargets, 
composedTargets),
+                    ConstraintDefinitionException::new,
+                    "Attempt to compose %s of %s but validator types are 
incompatible", annotationType.getName(),
+                    at.getName());
+            });
+            return result;
+        });
+    }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/bval/blob/3f287a7a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/ClassHelper.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/ClassHelper.java 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/ClassHelper.java
index 9d3bd85..73c82a6 100644
--- a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/ClassHelper.java
+++ b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/ClassHelper.java
@@ -20,7 +20,11 @@ package org.apache.bval.jsr.util;
 
 import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.security.AccessController;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
 
 /**
  * Common operations on classes that do not require an {@link 
AccessController}.
@@ -28,6 +32,7 @@ import java.util.List;
  * @author Carlos Vara
  */
 public class ClassHelper {
+    private static final Set<Class<?>> IGNORED_TYPES = 
Collections.unmodifiableSet(new 
HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(null,Object.class,Serializable.class,Cloneable.class)));
 
     private ClassHelper() {
         // No instances please
@@ -42,10 +47,7 @@ public class ClassHelper {
      * @param clazz
      */
     public static List<Class<?>> fillFullClassHierarchyAsList(List<Class<?>> 
allClasses, Class<?> clazz) {
-        if (clazz == null || clazz == Object.class || clazz == 
Serializable.class || clazz == Cloneable.class) {
-            return allClasses;
-        }
-        if (allClasses.contains(clazz)) {
+        if (IGNORED_TYPES.contains(clazz) || allClasses.contains(clazz)) {
             return allClasses;
         }
         allClasses.add(clazz);

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/bval/blob/3f287a7a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl.java
 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0cff10
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.bval.jsr.util;
+
+import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
+import 
javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContext;
+import 
javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.ContainerElementNodeContextBuilder;
+import 
javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContext;
+import 
javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.NodeBuilderCustomizableContext;
+
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.job.ConstraintValidatorContextImpl;
+
+public class ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl
+    implements ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContext {
+    private final ConstraintValidatorContextImpl<?> context;
+    private final String template;
+    private final PathImpl path;
+    private NodeImpl node;
+
+    public 
ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(ConstraintValidatorContextImpl<?>
 context, String template,
+        PathImpl path, String name, Class<?> containerType, Integer 
typeArgumentIndex) {
+        super();
+        this.context = context;
+        this.path = path;
+        this.template = template;
+        this.node = new NodeImpl.ContainerElementNodeImpl(name, containerType, 
typeArgumentIndex);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ContainerElementNodeContextBuilder inIterable() {
+        node.setInIterable(true);
+        return new ContainerElementNodeContextBuilderImpl(context, template, 
path, node);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NodeBuilderCustomizableContext addPropertyNode(String name) {
+        path.addNode(node);
+        return new NodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(context, template, path, 
name);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContext addBeanNode() {
+        path.addNode(node);
+        return new LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(context, template, 
path);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContext 
addContainerElementNode(String name, Class<?> containerType,
+        Integer typeArgumentIndex) {
+        path.addNode(node);
+        node = new NodeImpl.ContainerElementNodeImpl(name, containerType, 
typeArgumentIndex);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ConstraintValidatorContext addConstraintViolation() {
+        context.addError(template, path);
+        return context;
+    }
+
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/bval/blob/3f287a7a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/ContainerElementNodeBuilderDefinedContextImpl.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/ContainerElementNodeBuilderDefinedContextImpl.java
 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/ContainerElementNodeBuilderDefinedContextImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6077d87
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/ContainerElementNodeBuilderDefinedContextImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.bval.jsr.util;
+
+import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
+import 
javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContext;
+import 
javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.ContainerElementNodeBuilderDefinedContext;
+import 
javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContext;
+import 
javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.NodeBuilderCustomizableContext;
+
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.job.ConstraintValidatorContextImpl;
+
+public class ContainerElementNodeBuilderDefinedContextImpl implements 
ContainerElementNodeBuilderDefinedContext {
+    private final ConstraintValidatorContextImpl<?> context;
+    private final String template;
+    private final PathImpl path;
+
+    
ContainerElementNodeBuilderDefinedContextImpl(ConstraintValidatorContextImpl<?> 
context, String template,
+        PathImpl path) {
+        super();
+        this.context = context;
+        this.template = template;
+        this.path = path;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NodeBuilderCustomizableContext addPropertyNode(String name) {
+        return new NodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(context, template, path, 
name);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContext addBeanNode() {
+        return new LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(context, template, 
path);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContext 
addContainerElementNode(String name, Class<?> containerType,
+        Integer typeArgumentIndex) {
+        return new ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(context, 
name, path, name, containerType,
+            typeArgumentIndex);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ConstraintValidatorContext addConstraintViolation() {
+        context.addError(template, path);
+        return context;
+    }
+
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/bval/blob/3f287a7a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/ContainerElementNodeContextBuilderImpl.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/ContainerElementNodeContextBuilderImpl.java
 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/ContainerElementNodeContextBuilderImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f05ef76
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/ContainerElementNodeContextBuilderImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.bval.jsr.util;
+
+import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
+import 
javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContext;
+import 
javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.ContainerElementNodeBuilderDefinedContext;
+import 
javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.ContainerElementNodeContextBuilder;
+import 
javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContext;
+import 
javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.NodeBuilderCustomizableContext;
+
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.job.ConstraintValidatorContextImpl;
+
+public class ContainerElementNodeContextBuilderImpl implements 
ContainerElementNodeContextBuilder {
+    private final ConstraintValidatorContextImpl<?> context;
+    private final String template;
+    private final PathImpl path;
+    private final NodeImpl node;
+
+    ContainerElementNodeContextBuilderImpl(ConstraintValidatorContextImpl<?> 
context, String template,
+        PathImpl path, NodeImpl node) {
+        super();
+        this.context = context;
+        this.template = template;
+        this.path = path;
+        this.node = node;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ContainerElementNodeBuilderDefinedContext atKey(Object key) {
+        node.setKey(key);
+        path.addNode(node);
+        return new ContainerElementNodeBuilderDefinedContextImpl(context, 
template, path);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ContainerElementNodeBuilderDefinedContext atIndex(Integer index) {
+        node.setIndex(index);
+        path.addNode(node);
+        return new ContainerElementNodeBuilderDefinedContextImpl(context, 
template, path);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NodeBuilderCustomizableContext addPropertyNode(String name) {
+        path.addNode(node);
+        return new NodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(context, name, path, 
name);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContext addBeanNode() {
+        path.addNode(node);
+        return new LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(context, template, 
path);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContext 
addContainerElementNode(String name, Class<?> containerType,
+        Integer typeArgumentIndex) {
+        path.addNode(node);
+        return new ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(context, 
template, path, name, containerType,
+            typeArgumentIndex);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ConstraintValidatorContext addConstraintViolation() {
+        context.addError(template, path);
+        return context;
+    }
+
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/bval/blob/3f287a7a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/IOs.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/IOs.java 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/IOs.java
index 611a9d6..57f7cf4 100644
--- a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/IOs.java
+++ b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/IOs.java
@@ -33,25 +33,20 @@ public class IOs {
         if (stream == null) {
             return null;
         }
-
-        // force ByteArrayOutputStream since we close the stream ATM
-        /*if (stream.markSupported()) {
-            return stream;
-        } else {*/
-        try {
+        try (InputStream in = stream) {
             final ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
             final byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
             int length;
-            while ((length = stream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
+            while ((length = in.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                 baos.write(buffer, 0, length);
             }
             return new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray());
         } catch (final IOException e) {
             throw new RuntimeException(e);
         }
-        /*}*/
     }
 
+    //TODO see if needed
     public static void closeQuietly(Closeable closeable) {
         if (closeable != null) {
             try {

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/bval/blob/3f287a7a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/LRUCache.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/LRUCache.java 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/LRUCache.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48fcd7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/LRUCache.java
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.bval.jsr.util;
+
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class LRUCache<K, V> extends LinkedHashMap<K, V> {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    private final int maximumCapacity;
+
+    public LRUCache(int maximumCapacity) {
+        super(16, 0.75f, true);
+        if (maximumCapacity < 1) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("maximumCapacity must be > 0");
+        }
+        this.maximumCapacity = maximumCapacity;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<K, V> eldest) {
+        return super.removeEldestEntry(eldest) || size() >= maximumCapacity;
+    }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/bval/blob/3f287a7a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl.java
 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl.java
index efa9aeb..99305be 100644
--- 
a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl.java
+++ 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl.java
@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@
  */
 package org.apache.bval.jsr.util;
 
-import org.apache.bval.jsr.ConstraintValidatorContextImpl;
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.job.ConstraintValidatorContextImpl;
 
 import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
+import 
javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContext;
 import 
javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.LeafNodeBuilderDefinedContext;
 import 
javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.LeafNodeContextBuilder;
 
@@ -43,8 +44,7 @@ public class LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl
         }
 
         @Override
-        public LeafNodeBuilderDefinedContext atIndex(
-            Integer index) {
+        public LeafNodeBuilderDefinedContext atIndex(Integer index) {
             node.setIndex(index);
             return definedContext;
         }
@@ -55,16 +55,16 @@ public class LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl
         }
     }
 
-    private final ConstraintValidatorContextImpl context;
+    private final ConstraintValidatorContextImpl<?> context;
     private final PathImpl path;
     private final String template;
     private final NodeImpl node;
 
-    public LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(final 
ConstraintValidatorContextImpl parent, String messageTemplate,
-        PathImpl propertyPath) {
-        context = parent;
-        template = messageTemplate;
-        path = propertyPath;
+    public LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(final 
ConstraintValidatorContextImpl<?> context, String template,
+        PathImpl path) {
+        this.context = context;
+        this.template = template;
+        this.path = path;
         node = new NodeImpl.BeanNodeImpl();
     }
 
@@ -81,4 +81,9 @@ public class LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl
         return context;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContext inContainer(Class<?> 
containerType, Integer typeArgumentIndex) {
+        node.inContainer(containerType, typeArgumentIndex);
+        return this;
+    }
 }

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/bval/blob/3f287a7a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/Methods.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/Methods.java 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/Methods.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f98311
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/Methods.java
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.bval.jsr.util;
+
+import java.beans.Introspector;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+
+import org.apache.bval.util.Validate;
+
+public final class Methods {
+    public static boolean isGetter(Method m) {
+        if (m.getParameterCount() > 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // TODO look for capital letter after verb?
+        if (Boolean.TYPE.equals(m.getReturnType()) && 
m.getName().startsWith("is")) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return !Void.TYPE.equals(m.getReturnType()) && 
m.getName().startsWith("get");
+    }
+
+    public static String propertyName(Method getter) {
+        Validate.isTrue(isGetter(getter), "%s is not a getter", getter);
+        final String name = getter.getName();
+        final String suffix = name.startsWith("is") ? name.substring(2) : 
name.substring(3);
+        return Introspector.decapitalize(suffix);
+    }
+
+    private Methods() {
+    }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/bval/blob/3f287a7a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/NodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/NodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl.java
 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/NodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl.java
index ca058fc..6ec977c 100644
--- 
a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/NodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl.java
+++ 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/NodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl.java
@@ -18,38 +18,40 @@
  */
 package org.apache.bval.jsr.util;
 
-import org.apache.bval.jsr.ConstraintValidatorContextImpl;
-
 import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
+import 
javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContext;
+import 
javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.NodeBuilderCustomizableContext;
 import javax.validation.ElementKind;
 
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.job.ConstraintValidatorContextImpl;
+
 /**
  * Description: implementation of {@link 
javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.NodeBuilderCustomizableContext}.<br/>
  */
 public final class NodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl
     implements 
ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.NodeBuilderCustomizableContext
 {
-    private final ConstraintValidatorContextImpl parent;
-    private final String messageTemplate;
-    private final PathImpl propertyPath;
+    private final ConstraintValidatorContextImpl<?> context;
+    private final String template;
+    private final PathImpl path;
     private NodeImpl node;
 
     /**
      * Create a new NodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl instance.
-     * @param contextImpl
+     * @param context
      * @param template
      * @param path
      * @param name
      */
-    public NodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(ConstraintValidatorContextImpl 
contextImpl, String template, PathImpl path,
+    public 
NodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(ConstraintValidatorContextImpl<?> context, 
String template, PathImpl path,
         String name) {
-        parent = contextImpl;
-        messageTemplate = template;
-        propertyPath = path;
+        this.context = context;
+        this.template = template;
+        this.path = path;
 
-        if (propertyPath.isRootPath() || propertyPath.getLeafNode().getKind() 
!= null) {
+        if (path.isRootPath() || path.getLeafNode().getKind() != null) {
             node = new NodeImpl.PropertyNodeImpl(name);
         } else {
-            node = propertyPath.removeLeafNode();
+            node = path.removeLeafNode();
             node.setName(name);
             node.setKind(ElementKind.PROPERTY); // enforce it
         }
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ public final class NodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl
     @Override
     public 
ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.NodeContextBuilder 
inIterable() {
         node.setInIterable(true);
-        return new NodeContextBuilderImpl(parent, messageTemplate, 
propertyPath, node);
+        return new NodeContextBuilderImpl(context, template, path, node);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -75,15 +77,15 @@ public final class NodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl
     @Override
     public 
ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.NodeBuilderCustomizableContext
 addPropertyNode(
         String name) {
-        propertyPath.addNode(node);
+        path.addNode(node);
         node = new NodeImpl.PropertyNodeImpl(name);
         return this;
     }
 
     @Override
     public 
ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContext
 addBeanNode() {
-        propertyPath.addNode(node);
-        return new LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(parent, 
messageTemplate, propertyPath);
+        path.addNode(node);
+        return new LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(context, template, 
path);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -91,10 +93,25 @@ public final class NodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl
      */
     @Override
     public ConstraintValidatorContext addConstraintViolation() {
-        propertyPath.addNode(node);
+        path.addNode(node);
         node = null;
-        parent.addError(messageTemplate, propertyPath);
-        return parent;
+        context.addError(template, path);
+        return context;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NodeBuilderCustomizableContext inContainer(Class<?> containerClass, 
Integer typeArgumentIndex) {
+        path.getLeafNode().inContainer(containerClass, typeArgumentIndex);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContext 
addContainerElementNode(String name, Class<?> containerType,
+        Integer typeArgumentIndex) {
+        path.addNode(node);
+        node = new NodeImpl.ContainerElementNodeImpl(name, containerType, 
typeArgumentIndex);
+        return new ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(context, 
template, path, name, containerType,
+            typeArgumentIndex);
     }
 
 }

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/bval/blob/3f287a7a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/NodeBuilderDefinedContextImpl.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/NodeBuilderDefinedContextImpl.java
 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/NodeBuilderDefinedContextImpl.java
index 5ce20b5..f695e84 100644
--- 
a/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/NodeBuilderDefinedContextImpl.java
+++ 
b/bval-jsr/src/main/java/org/apache/bval/jsr/util/NodeBuilderDefinedContextImpl.java
@@ -18,18 +18,19 @@
  */
 package org.apache.bval.jsr.util;
 
-import org.apache.bval.jsr.ConstraintValidatorContextImpl;
-
 import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
+import 
javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContext;
+
+import org.apache.bval.jsr.job.ConstraintValidatorContextImpl;
 
 /**
  * Description: Implementation of {@link NodeBuilderDefinedContext}.<br/>
  */
 public final class NodeBuilderDefinedContextImpl
     implements 
ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.NodeBuilderDefinedContext 
{
-    private final ConstraintValidatorContextImpl parent;
-    private final String messageTemplate;
-    private final PathImpl propertyPath;
+    private final ConstraintValidatorContextImpl context;
+    private final String template;
+    private final PathImpl path;
 
     /**
      * Create a new NodeBuilderDefinedContextImpl instance.
@@ -38,9 +39,9 @@ public final class NodeBuilderDefinedContextImpl
      * @param path
      */
     public NodeBuilderDefinedContextImpl(ConstraintValidatorContextImpl 
contextImpl, String template, PathImpl path) {
-        parent = contextImpl;
-        messageTemplate = template;
-        propertyPath = path;
+        this.context = contextImpl;
+        this.template = template;
+        this.path = path;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -54,12 +55,12 @@ public final class NodeBuilderDefinedContextImpl
     @Override
     public 
ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.NodeBuilderCustomizableContext
 addPropertyNode(
         String name) {
-        return new NodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(parent, messageTemplate, 
propertyPath, name);
+        return new NodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(context, template, path, 
name);
     }
 
     @Override
     public 
ConstraintValidatorContext.ConstraintViolationBuilder.LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContext
 addBeanNode() {
-        return new LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(parent, 
messageTemplate, propertyPath);
+        return new LeafNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(context, template, 
path);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -67,7 +68,14 @@ public final class NodeBuilderDefinedContextImpl
      */
     @Override
     public ConstraintValidatorContext addConstraintViolation() {
-        parent.addError(messageTemplate, propertyPath);
-        return parent;
+        context.addError(template, path);
+        return context;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContext 
addContainerElementNode(String name, Class<?> containerType,
+        Integer typeArgumentIndex) {
+        return new ContainerElementNodeBuilderCustomizableContextImpl(context, 
template, path, name, containerType,
+            typeArgumentIndex);
     }
 }

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