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The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/main by this push:
     new f4dfafd61426 CAMEL-23571: Ensure GooglePubsubComponent does not leave 
orphan channels (#23378)
f4dfafd61426 is described below

commit f4dfafd61426e03305067e90d3b44da4411ceb5a
Author: David Riseley <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Wed May 20 19:42:44 2026 +0100

    CAMEL-23571: Ensure GooglePubsubComponent does not leave orphan channels 
(#23378)
---
 .../google/pubsub/GooglePubsubComponent.java       | 32 +++++++-------
 .../google/pubsub/OrphanChannelLogAppender.java    | 49 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 .../component/google/pubsub/PubsubTestSupport.java | 46 +++++++++++++++-----
 3 files changed, 101 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git 
a/components/camel-google/camel-google-pubsub/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/component/google/pubsub/GooglePubsubComponent.java
 
b/components/camel-google/camel-google-pubsub/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/component/google/pubsub/GooglePubsubComponent.java
index 39dc7326923c..287d3aecdc38 100644
--- 
a/components/camel-google/camel-google-pubsub/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/component/google/pubsub/GooglePubsubComponent.java
+++ 
b/components/camel-google/camel-google-pubsub/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/component/google/pubsub/GooglePubsubComponent.java
@@ -28,8 +28,7 @@ import java.util.stream.Stream;
 import com.google.api.gax.core.CredentialsProvider;
 import com.google.api.gax.core.FixedCredentialsProvider;
 import com.google.api.gax.core.NoCredentialsProvider;
-import com.google.api.gax.grpc.GrpcTransportChannel;
-import com.google.api.gax.rpc.FixedTransportChannelProvider;
+import com.google.api.gax.grpc.InstantiatingGrpcChannelProvider;
 import com.google.api.gax.rpc.StatusCode;
 import com.google.api.gax.rpc.TransportChannelProvider;
 import com.google.auth.Credentials;
@@ -44,7 +43,6 @@ import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.stub.SubscriberStubSettings;
 import com.google.common.cache.Cache;
 import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;
 import com.google.common.cache.RemovalListener;
-import io.grpc.ManagedChannel;
 import io.grpc.ManagedChannelBuilder;
 import org.apache.camel.Endpoint;
 import org.apache.camel.RuntimeCamelException;
@@ -153,9 +151,10 @@ public class GooglePubsubComponent extends 
HeaderFilterStrategyComponent {
             throws IOException {
         Publisher.Builder builder = Publisher.newBuilder(topicName);
         if (StringHelper.trimToNull(endpoint) != null) {
-            ManagedChannel channel = 
ManagedChannelBuilder.forTarget(endpoint).usePlaintext().build();
-            TransportChannelProvider channelProvider
-                    = 
FixedTransportChannelProvider.create(GrpcTransportChannel.create(channel));
+            TransportChannelProvider channelProvider = 
InstantiatingGrpcChannelProvider.newBuilder()
+                    .setEndpoint(endpoint)
+                    
.setChannelConfigurator(ManagedChannelBuilder::usePlaintext)
+                    .build();
             builder.setChannelProvider(channelProvider);
         }
         
builder.setCredentialsProvider(getCredentialsProvider(googlePubsubEndpoint));
@@ -180,9 +179,10 @@ public class GooglePubsubComponent extends 
HeaderFilterStrategyComponent {
             throws IOException {
         Subscriber.Builder builder = Subscriber.newBuilder(subscriptionName, 
messageReceiver);
         if (StringHelper.trimToNull(endpoint) != null) {
-            ManagedChannel channel = 
ManagedChannelBuilder.forTarget(endpoint).usePlaintext().build();
-            TransportChannelProvider channelProvider
-                    = 
FixedTransportChannelProvider.create(GrpcTransportChannel.create(channel));
+            TransportChannelProvider channelProvider = 
InstantiatingGrpcChannelProvider.newBuilder()
+                    .setEndpoint(endpoint)
+                    
.setChannelConfigurator(ManagedChannelBuilder::usePlaintext)
+                    .build();
             builder.setChannelProvider(channelProvider);
         }
         
builder.setCredentialsProvider(getCredentialsProvider(googlePubsubEndpoint));
@@ -206,9 +206,10 @@ public class GooglePubsubComponent extends 
HeaderFilterStrategyComponent {
         }
 
         if (StringHelper.trimToNull(endpoint) != null) {
-            ManagedChannel channel = 
ManagedChannelBuilder.forTarget(endpoint).usePlaintext().build();
-            TransportChannelProvider channelProvider
-                    = 
FixedTransportChannelProvider.create(GrpcTransportChannel.create(channel));
+            TransportChannelProvider channelProvider = 
InstantiatingGrpcChannelProvider.newBuilder()
+                    .setEndpoint(endpoint)
+                    
.setChannelConfigurator(ManagedChannelBuilder::usePlaintext)
+                    .build();
             builder.setTransportChannelProvider(channelProvider);
         }
         
builder.setCredentialsProvider(getCredentialsProvider(googlePubsubEndpoint));
@@ -219,9 +220,10 @@ public class GooglePubsubComponent extends 
HeaderFilterStrategyComponent {
         SubscriptionAdminSettings.Builder builder = 
SubscriptionAdminSettings.newBuilder();
 
         if (StringHelper.trimToNull(endpoint) != null) {
-            ManagedChannel channel = 
ManagedChannelBuilder.forTarget(endpoint).usePlaintext().build();
-            TransportChannelProvider channelProvider
-                    = 
FixedTransportChannelProvider.create(GrpcTransportChannel.create(channel));
+            TransportChannelProvider channelProvider = 
InstantiatingGrpcChannelProvider.newBuilder()
+                    .setEndpoint(endpoint)
+                    
.setChannelConfigurator(ManagedChannelBuilder::usePlaintext)
+                    .build();
             builder.setTransportChannelProvider(channelProvider);
         }
         
builder.setCredentialsProvider(getCredentialsProvider(googlePubsubEndpoint));
diff --git 
a/components/camel-google/camel-google-pubsub/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/component/google/pubsub/OrphanChannelLogAppender.java
 
b/components/camel-google/camel-google-pubsub/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/component/google/pubsub/OrphanChannelLogAppender.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c8a600f2d248
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/components/camel-google/camel-google-pubsub/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/component/google/pubsub/OrphanChannelLogAppender.java
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.camel.component.google.pubsub;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.AbstractAppender;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.Property;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.PatternLayout;
+
+class OrphanChannelLogAppender extends AbstractAppender {
+
+    private final List<String> messages = Collections.synchronizedList(new 
ArrayList<>());
+
+    OrphanChannelLogAppender() {
+        super("OrphanChannelLogAppender", null, 
PatternLayout.createDefaultLayout(), false, Property.EMPTY_ARRAY);
+        start();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void append(LogEvent event) {
+        messages.add(event.getMessage().getFormattedMessage());
+    }
+
+    List<String> getMessages() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(messages);
+    }
+
+    void reset() {
+        messages.clear();
+    }
+}
diff --git 
a/components/camel-google/camel-google-pubsub/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/component/google/pubsub/PubsubTestSupport.java
 
b/components/camel-google/camel-google-pubsub/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/component/google/pubsub/PubsubTestSupport.java
index 96624e25b8a4..500e6a920836 100644
--- 
a/components/camel-google/camel-google-pubsub/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/component/google/pubsub/PubsubTestSupport.java
+++ 
b/components/camel-google/camel-google-pubsub/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/component/google/pubsub/PubsubTestSupport.java
@@ -18,13 +18,14 @@ package org.apache.camel.component.google.pubsub;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Properties;
 import java.util.logging.LogManager;
 
 import com.google.api.gax.core.CredentialsProvider;
 import com.google.api.gax.core.NoCredentialsProvider;
-import com.google.api.gax.grpc.GrpcTransportChannel;
-import com.google.api.gax.rpc.FixedTransportChannelProvider;
+import com.google.api.gax.grpc.InstantiatingGrpcChannelProvider;
+import com.google.api.gax.rpc.TransportChannelProvider;
 import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.SubscriptionAdminClient;
 import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.SubscriptionAdminSettings;
 import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.TopicAdminClient;
@@ -33,7 +34,6 @@ import com.google.pubsub.v1.ProjectSubscriptionName;
 import com.google.pubsub.v1.Subscription;
 import com.google.pubsub.v1.Topic;
 import com.google.pubsub.v1.TopicName;
-import io.grpc.ManagedChannel;
 import io.grpc.ManagedChannelBuilder;
 import org.apache.camel.BindToRegistry;
 import org.apache.camel.CamelContext;
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ import 
org.apache.camel.test.infra.google.pubsub.services.GooglePubSubService;
 import 
org.apache.camel.test.infra.google.pubsub.services.GooglePubSubServiceFactory;
 import org.apache.camel.test.junit6.CamelTestSupport;
 import org.apache.camel.test.junit6.TestSupport;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.RegisterExtension;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
@@ -52,6 +53,8 @@ public class PubsubTestSupport extends CamelTestSupport {
 
     public static final String PROJECT_ID;
 
+    private static final OrphanChannelLogAppender ORPHAN_APPENDER = new 
OrphanChannelLogAppender();
+
     static {
         Properties testProperties = loadProperties();
         PROJECT_ID = testProperties.getProperty("project.id");
@@ -65,6 +68,11 @@ public class PubsubTestSupport extends CamelTestSupport {
                     "Unable to setup JUL-to-slf4j logging bridge. The test 
execution should result in a log of bogus output. Error: {}",
                     e.getMessage(), e);
         }
+
+        org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Logger orphanLogger
+                = (org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Logger) 
org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager
+                        
.getLogger("io.grpc.internal.ManagedChannelOrphanWrapper");
+        orphanLogger.addAppender(ORPHAN_APPENDER);
     }
 
     private static Properties loadProperties() {
@@ -86,6 +94,23 @@ public class PubsubTestSupport extends CamelTestSupport {
         return loadProperties();
     }
 
+    @Override
+    protected void setupResources() throws Exception {
+        ORPHAN_APPENDER.reset();
+        super.setupResources();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void cleanupResources() throws Exception {
+        super.cleanupResources();
+        System.gc();
+        List<String> orphans = ORPHAN_APPENDER.getMessages();
+        if (!orphans.isEmpty()) {
+            Assertions.fail("gRPC channel(s) garbage collected without 
shutdown (ManagedChannelOrphanWrapper):\n"
+                            + String.join("\n", orphans));
+        }
+    }
+
     @Override
     protected CamelContext createCamelContext() throws Exception {
         createTopicSubscription();
@@ -136,17 +161,16 @@ public class PubsubTestSupport extends CamelTestSupport {
         subscriptionAdminClient.shutdown();
     }
 
-    private FixedTransportChannelProvider createChannelProvider() {
-        ManagedChannel channel = ManagedChannelBuilder
-                .forTarget(service.getServiceAddress())
-                .usePlaintext()
-                .build();
+    private TransportChannelProvider createChannelProvider() {
 
-        return 
FixedTransportChannelProvider.create(GrpcTransportChannel.create(channel));
+        return InstantiatingGrpcChannelProvider.newBuilder()
+                .setEndpoint(service.getServiceAddress())
+                .setChannelConfigurator(ManagedChannelBuilder::usePlaintext)
+                .build();
     }
 
     private TopicAdminClient createTopicAdminClient() {
-        FixedTransportChannelProvider channelProvider = 
createChannelProvider();
+        TransportChannelProvider channelProvider = createChannelProvider();
         CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = 
NoCredentialsProvider.create();
 
         try {
@@ -161,7 +185,7 @@ public class PubsubTestSupport extends CamelTestSupport {
     }
 
     private SubscriptionAdminClient createSubscriptionAdminClient() {
-        FixedTransportChannelProvider channelProvider = 
createChannelProvider();
+        TransportChannelProvider channelProvider = createChannelProvider();
         CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = 
NoCredentialsProvider.create();
 
         try {

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