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The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/main by this push:
     new 9bf6683b48fd CAMEL-24355: Fix NIOConverter.toByteArray for fully 
consumed ByteBuffer (#25330)
9bf6683b48fd is described below

commit 9bf6683b48fdad3db9f302709180f93af5a5f10c
Author: Omar Atie <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Tue Aug 4 21:42:50 2026 -0700

    CAMEL-24355: Fix NIOConverter.toByteArray for fully consumed ByteBuffer 
(#25330)
    
    Use absolute buffer.get(0, bArray) to read bytes from [0, limit) regardless
    of current position, fixing BufferUnderflowException when position equals
    limit (e.g. Kinesis KCL dead-letter-queue flow). The original relative get
    was the wrong API for this converter since the intent is to read the full
    buffer content.
    
    Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <[email protected]>
    Co-authored-by: Cursor <[email protected]>
---
 .../org/apache/camel/converter/NIOConverter.java   |  2 +-
 .../apache/camel/converter/NIOConverterTest.java   | 76 +++++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 76 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git 
a/core/camel-base/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/converter/NIOConverter.java 
b/core/camel-base/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/converter/NIOConverter.java
index d4bb5548fff8..55eb58eef253 100644
--- a/core/camel-base/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/converter/NIOConverter.java
+++ b/core/camel-base/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/converter/NIOConverter.java
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public final class NIOConverter {
     @Converter(order = 1)
     public static byte[] toByteArray(ByteBuffer buffer) {
         byte[] bArray = new byte[buffer.limit()];
-        buffer.get(bArray);
+        buffer.get(0, bArray);
         return bArray;
     }
 
diff --git 
a/core/camel-core/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/converter/NIOConverterTest.java
 
b/core/camel-core/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/converter/NIOConverterTest.java
index 85a0e61e7b3b..a8bf1349b9de 100644
--- 
a/core/camel-core/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/converter/NIOConverterTest.java
+++ 
b/core/camel-core/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/converter/NIOConverterTest.java
@@ -25,10 +25,11 @@ import org.apache.camel.ContextTestSupport;
 import org.apache.camel.Exchange;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
 
-public class NIOConverterTest extends ContextTestSupport {
+class NIOConverterTest extends ContextTestSupport {
     private static final String TEST_FILE_NAME = "hello" + UUID.randomUUID() + 
".txt";
 
     @Test
@@ -53,6 +54,79 @@ public class NIOConverterTest extends ContextTestSupport {
         assertEquals(5, out.length);
     }
 
+    @Test
+    void testToByteArrayFullyConsumedBuffer() {
+        ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap("Hello".getBytes());
+        while (bb.hasRemaining()) {
+            bb.get();
+        }
+        assertThat(bb.position()).isEqualTo(bb.limit());
+
+        byte[] out = NIOConverter.toByteArray(bb);
+
+        assertThat(out).containsExactly("Hello".getBytes());
+        assertThat(bb.position()).isEqualTo(bb.limit());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testToByteArrayPartiallyConsumedBuffer() {
+        ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
+        bb.put("Hello".getBytes());
+        bb.flip();
+        bb.get();
+        assertThat(bb.position()).isEqualTo(1);
+
+        byte[] out = NIOConverter.toByteArray(bb);
+
+        assertThat(out).containsExactly("Hello".getBytes());
+        assertThat(bb.position()).isEqualTo(1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testToByteArrayEmptyBuffer() {
+        ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(0);
+
+        byte[] out = NIOConverter.toByteArray(bb);
+
+        assertThat(out).isEmpty();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testToByteArrayReadOnlyFullyConsumedBuffer() {
+        ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap("Hello".getBytes()).asReadOnlyBuffer();
+        while (bb.hasRemaining()) {
+            bb.get();
+        }
+
+        byte[] out = NIOConverter.toByteArray(bb);
+
+        assertThat(out).containsExactly("Hello".getBytes());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testToStringFullyConsumedBuffer() throws Exception {
+        ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap("Hello".getBytes());
+        while (bb.hasRemaining()) {
+            bb.get();
+        }
+
+        String out = NIOConverter.toString(bb, null);
+
+        assertThat(out).isEqualTo("Hello");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testToInputStreamFullyConsumedBuffer() throws Exception {
+        ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap("Hello".getBytes());
+        while (bb.hasRemaining()) {
+            bb.get();
+        }
+
+        InputStream is = NIOConverter.toInputStream(bb);
+
+        assertThat(IOConverter.toString(is, null)).isEqualTo("Hello");
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testToString() throws Exception {
         ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap("Hello".getBytes());

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