Added: cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/cql/indexes.html URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/cql/indexes.html?rev=1757419&view=auto ============================================================================== --- cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/cql/indexes.html (added) +++ cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/cql/indexes.html Tue Aug 23 19:25:17 2016 @@ -0,0 +1,170 @@ +--- +layout: docpage + +title: "Documentation" + +is_homepage: false +is_sphinx_doc: true + +doc-parent: "The Cassandra Query Language (CQL)" + +doc-title: "Secondary Indexes" +doc-header-links: ' + <link rel="top" title="Apache Cassandra Documentation v3.10" href="../index.html"/> + <link rel="up" title="The Cassandra Query Language (CQL)" href="index.html"/> + <link rel="next" title="Materialized Views" href="mvs.html"/> + <link rel="prev" title="Data Manipulation" href="dml.html"/> +' +doc-search-path: "../search.html" + +extra-footer: ' +<script type="text/javascript"> + var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { + URL_ROOT: "", + VERSION: "", + COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, + FILE_SUFFIX: ".html", + HAS_SOURCE: false, + SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: "" + }; +</script> +' + +--- +<div class="container-fluid"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-md-2"> + <div class="doc-navigation"> + <div class="doc-menu" role="navigation"> + <div class="navbar-header"> + <button type="button" class="pull-left navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".sidebar-navbar-collapse"> + <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> + <span class="icon-bar"></span> + <span class="icon-bar"></span> + <span class="icon-bar"></span> + </button> + </div> + <div class="navbar-collapse collapse sidebar-navbar-collapse"> + <form id="doc-search-form" class="navbar-form" action="../search.html" method="get" role="search"> + <div class="form-group"> + <input type="text" size="30" class="form-control input-sm" name="q" placeholder="Search docs"> + <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> + <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> + </div> + </form> + + + + <ul class="current"> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting_started/index.html">Getting Started</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../data_modeling/index.html">Data Modeling</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">The Cassandra Query Language (CQL)</a><ul class="current"> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="definitions.html">Definitions</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="types.html">Data Types</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ddl.html">Data Definition</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dml.html">Data Manipulation</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Secondary Indexes</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#create-index">CREATE INDEX</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#drop-index">DROP INDEX</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="mvs.html">Materialized Views</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Security</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html">Functions</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html">JSON Support</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="triggers.html">Triggers</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="appendices.html">Appendices</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html">Changes</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../configuration/index.html">Configuring Cassandra</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating/index.html">Operating Cassandra</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tools/index.html">Cassandra Tools</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/index.html">Troubleshooting</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../development/index.html">Cassandra Development</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../faq/index.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../bugs.html">Reporting Bugs and Contributing</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contactus.html">Contact us</a></li> +</ul> + + + + </div><!--/.nav-collapse --> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <div class="col-md-8"> + <div class="content doc-content"> + <div class="container"> + + <div class="section" id="secondary-indexes"> +<span id="id1"></span><h1>Secondary Indexes<a class="headerlink" href="#secondary-indexes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> +<p>CQL supports creating secondary indexes on tables, allowing queries on the table to use those indexes. A secondary index +is identified by a name defined by:</p> +<pre> +<strong id="grammar-token-index_name">index_name</strong> ::= re('[a-zA-Z_0-9]+') +</pre> +<div class="section" id="create-index"> +<span id="create-index-statement"></span><h2>CREATE INDEX<a class="headerlink" href="#create-index" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Creating a secondary index on a table uses the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CREATE</span> <span class="pre">INDEX</span></code> statement:</p> +<pre> +<strong id="grammar-token-create_index_statement">create_index_statement</strong> ::= CREATE [ CUSTOM ] INDEX [ IF NOT EXISTS ] [ <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-index_name"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">index_name</span></code></a> ] + ON <a class="reference internal" href="ddl.html#grammar-token-table_name"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">table_name</span></code></a> '(' <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-index_identifier"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">index_identifier</span></code></a> ')' + [ USING <a class="reference internal" href="definitions.html#grammar-token-string"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">string</span></code></a> [ WITH OPTIONS = <a class="reference internal" href="types.html#grammar-token-map_literal"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">map_literal</span></code></a> ] ] +<strong id="grammar-token-index_identifier">index_identifier </strong> ::= <a class="reference internal" href="ddl.html#grammar-token-column_name"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">column_name</span></code></a> + | ( KEYS | VALUES | ENTRIES | FULL ) '(' <a class="reference internal" href="ddl.html#grammar-token-column_name"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">column_name</span></code></a> ')' +</pre> +<p>For instance:</p> +<div class="highlight-cql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">INDEX</span> <span class="n">userIndex</span> <span class="k">ON</span> <span class="n">NerdMovies</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k">user</span><span class="p">);</span> +<span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">INDEX</span> <span class="k">ON</span> <span class="n">Mutants</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">abilityId</span><span class="p">);</span> +<span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">INDEX</span> <span class="k">ON</span> <span class="k">users</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k">keys</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">favs</span><span class="p">));</span> +<span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">CUSTOM</span> <span class="k">INDEX</span> <span class="k">ON</span> <span class="k">users</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">email</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">USING</span> <span class="s1">'path.to.the.IndexClass'</span><span class="p">;</span> +<span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">CUSTOM</span> <span class="k">INDEX</span> <span class="k">ON</span> <span class="k">users</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">email</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">USING</span> <span class="s1">'path.to.the.IndexClass'</span> <span class="k">WITH</span> <span class="k">OPTIONS</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'storage'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'/mnt/ssd/indexes/'</span><span class="p">};</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CREATE</span> <span class="pre">INDEX</span></code> statement is used to create a new (automatic) secondary index for a given (existing) column in a +given table. A name for the index itself can be specified before the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ON</span></code> keyword, if desired. If data already exists +for the column, it will be indexed asynchronously. After the index is created, new data for the column is indexed +automatically at insertion time.</p> +<p>Attempting to create an already existing index will return an error unless the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">IF</span> <span class="pre">NOT</span> <span class="pre">EXISTS</span></code> option is used. If it +is used, the statement will be a no-op if the index already exists.</p> +<div class="section" id="indexes-on-map-keys"> +<h3>Indexes on Map Keys<a class="headerlink" href="#indexes-on-map-keys" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>When creating an index on a <a class="reference internal" href="types.html#maps"><span class="std std-ref">maps</span></a>, you may index either the keys or the values. If the column identifier is +placed within the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">keys()</span></code> function, the index will be on the map keys, allowing you to use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CONTAINS</span> <span class="pre">KEY</span></code> in +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">WHERE</span></code> clauses. Otherwise, the index will be on the map values.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="drop-index"> +<span id="drop-index-statement"></span><h2>DROP INDEX<a class="headerlink" href="#drop-index" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Dropping a secondary index uses the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DROP</span> <span class="pre">INDEX</span></code> statement:</p> +<pre> +<strong id="grammar-token-drop_index_statement">drop_index_statement</strong> ::= DROP INDEX [ IF EXISTS ] <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-index_name"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">index_name</span></code></a> +</pre> +<p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DROP</span> <span class="pre">INDEX</span></code> statement is used to drop an existing secondary index. The argument of the statement is the index +name, which may optionally specify the keyspace of the index.</p> +<p>If the index does not exists, the statement will return an error, unless <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">IF</span> <span class="pre">EXISTS</span></code> is used in which case the +operation is a no-op.</p> +</div> +</div> + + + + + <div class="doc-prev-next-links" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation"> + + <a href="mvs.html" class="btn btn-default pull-right " role="button" title="Materialized Views" accesskey="n">Next <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> + + + <a href="dml.html" class="btn btn-default" role="button" title="Data Manipulation" accesskey="p"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous</a> + + </div> + + </div> + </div> + </div> + <div class="col-md-2"> + </div> + </div> +</div> \ No newline at end of file
Added: cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/cql/json.html URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/cql/json.html?rev=1757419&view=auto ============================================================================== --- cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/cql/json.html (added) +++ cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/cql/json.html Tue Aug 23 19:25:17 2016 @@ -0,0 +1,317 @@ +--- +layout: docpage + +title: "Documentation" + +is_homepage: false +is_sphinx_doc: true + +doc-parent: "The Cassandra Query Language (CQL)" + +doc-title: "JSON Support" +doc-header-links: ' + <link rel="top" title="Apache Cassandra Documentation v3.10" href="../index.html"/> + <link rel="up" title="The Cassandra Query Language (CQL)" href="index.html"/> + <link rel="next" title="Triggers" href="triggers.html"/> + <link rel="prev" title="Functions" href="functions.html"/> +' +doc-search-path: "../search.html" + +extra-footer: ' +<script type="text/javascript"> + var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { + URL_ROOT: "", + VERSION: "", + COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, + FILE_SUFFIX: ".html", + HAS_SOURCE: false, + SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: "" + }; +</script> +' + +--- +<div class="container-fluid"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-md-2"> + <div class="doc-navigation"> + <div class="doc-menu" role="navigation"> + <div class="navbar-header"> + <button type="button" class="pull-left navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".sidebar-navbar-collapse"> + <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> + <span class="icon-bar"></span> + <span class="icon-bar"></span> + <span class="icon-bar"></span> + </button> + </div> + <div class="navbar-collapse collapse sidebar-navbar-collapse"> + <form id="doc-search-form" class="navbar-form" action="../search.html" method="get" role="search"> + <div class="form-group"> + <input type="text" size="30" class="form-control input-sm" name="q" placeholder="Search docs"> + <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> + <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> + </div> + </form> + + + + <ul class="current"> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting_started/index.html">Getting Started</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../data_modeling/index.html">Data Modeling</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">The Cassandra Query Language (CQL)</a><ul class="current"> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="definitions.html">Definitions</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="types.html">Data Types</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ddl.html">Data Definition</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dml.html">Data Manipulation</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="indexes.html">Secondary Indexes</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="mvs.html">Materialized Views</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Security</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html">Functions</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">JSON Support</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#select-json">SELECT JSON</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#insert-json">INSERT JSON</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#json-encoding-of-cassandra-data-types">JSON Encoding of Cassandra Data Types</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#the-fromjson-function">The fromJson() Function</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#the-tojson-function">The toJson() Function</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="triggers.html">Triggers</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="appendices.html">Appendices</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html">Changes</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../configuration/index.html">Configuring Cassandra</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating/index.html">Operating Cassandra</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tools/index.html">Cassandra Tools</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/index.html">Troubleshooting</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../development/index.html">Cassandra Development</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../faq/index.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../bugs.html">Reporting Bugs and Contributing</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contactus.html">Contact us</a></li> +</ul> + + + + </div><!--/.nav-collapse --> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <div class="col-md-8"> + <div class="content doc-content"> + <div class="container"> + + <div class="section" id="json-support"> +<span id="cql-json"></span><h1>JSON Support<a class="headerlink" href="#json-support" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> +<p>Cassandra 2.2 introduces JSON support to <a class="reference internal" href="dml.html#select-statement"><span class="std std-ref">SELECT</span></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="dml.html#insert-statement"><span class="std std-ref">INSERT</span></a> +statements. This support does not fundamentally alter the CQL API (for example, the schema is still enforced), it simply +provides a convenient way to work with JSON documents.</p> +<div class="section" id="select-json"> +<h2>SELECT JSON<a class="headerlink" href="#select-json" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>With <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span></code> statements, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code> keyword can be used to return each row as a single <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code> encoded map. The +remainder of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span></code> statement behavior is the same.</p> +<p>The result map keys are the same as the column names in a normal result set. For example, a statement like <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span> <span class="pre">JSON</span> +<span class="pre">a,</span> <span class="pre">ttl(b)</span> <span class="pre">FROM</span> <span class="pre">...</span></code> would result in a map with keys <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"a"</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"ttl(b)"</span></code>. However, this is one notable exception: +for symmetry with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">INSERT</span> <span class="pre">JSON</span></code> behavior, case-sensitive column names with upper-case letters will be surrounded with +double quotes. For example, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span> <span class="pre">JSON</span> <span class="pre">myColumn</span> <span class="pre">FROM</span> <span class="pre">...</span></code> would result in a map key <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"\"myColumn\""</span></code> (note the +escaped quotes).</p> +<p>The map values will <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code>-encoded representations (as described below) of the result set values.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="insert-json"> +<h2>INSERT JSON<a class="headerlink" href="#insert-json" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>With <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">INSERT</span></code> statements, the new <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code> keyword can be used to enable inserting a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code> encoded map as a single +row. The format of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code> map should generally match that returned by a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span> <span class="pre">JSON</span></code> statement on the same +table. In particular, case-sensitive column names should be surrounded with double quotes. For example, to insert into a +table with two columns named “myKey” and “value”, you would do the following:</p> +<div class="highlight-cql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span> <span class="k">INTO</span> <span class="n">mytable</span> <span class="k">JSON</span> <span class="s1">'{ "\"myKey\"": 0, "value": 0}'</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>By default (or if <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DEFAULT</span> <span class="pre">NULL</span></code> is explicitly used), a column omitted from the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code> map will be set to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, +meaning that any pre-existing value for that column will be removed (resulting in a tombstone being created). +Alternatively, if the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DEFAULT</span> <span class="pre">UNSET</span></code> directive is used after the value, omitted column values will be left unset, +meaning that pre-existing values for those column will be preserved.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="json-encoding-of-cassandra-data-types"> +<h2>JSON Encoding of Cassandra Data Types<a class="headerlink" href="#json-encoding-of-cassandra-data-types" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Where possible, Cassandra will represent and accept data types in their native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code> representation. Cassandra will +also accept string representations matching the CQL literal format for all single-field types. For example, floats, +ints, UUIDs, and dates can be represented by CQL literal strings. However, compound types, such as collections, tuples, +and user-defined types must be represented by native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code> collections (maps and lists) or a JSON-encoded string +representation of the collection.</p> +<p>The following table describes the encodings that Cassandra will accept in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">INSERT</span> <span class="pre">JSON</span></code> values (and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fromJson()</span></code> +arguments) as well as the format Cassandra will use when returning data for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span> <span class="pre">JSON</span></code> statements (and +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fromJson()</span></code>):</p> +<table border="1" class="docutils"> +<colgroup> +<col width="13%" /> +<col width="21%" /> +<col width="13%" /> +<col width="54%" /> +</colgroup> +<thead valign="bottom"> +<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Type</th> +<th class="head">Formats accepted</th> +<th class="head">Return format</th> +<th class="head">Notes</th> +</tr> +</thead> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ascii</span></code></td> +<td>string</td> +<td>string</td> +<td>Uses JSON’s <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\u</span></code> character escape</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bigint</span></code></td> +<td>integer, string</td> +<td>integer</td> +<td>String must be valid 64 bit integer</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">blob</span></code></td> +<td>string</td> +<td>string</td> +<td>String should be 0x followed by an even number of hex digits</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boolean</span></code></td> +<td>boolean, string</td> +<td>boolean</td> +<td>String must be “true” or “false”</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">date</span></code></td> +<td>string</td> +<td>string</td> +<td>Date in format <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">YYYY-MM-DD</span></code>, timezone UTC</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">decimal</span></code></td> +<td>integer, float, string</td> +<td>float</td> +<td>May exceed 32 or 64-bit IEEE-754 floating point precision in +client-side decoder</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">double</span></code></td> +<td>integer, float, string</td> +<td>float</td> +<td>String must be valid integer or float</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">float</span></code></td> +<td>integer, float, string</td> +<td>float</td> +<td>String must be valid integer or float</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">inet</span></code></td> +<td>string</td> +<td>string</td> +<td>IPv4 or IPv6 address</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">int</span></code></td> +<td>integer, string</td> +<td>integer</td> +<td>String must be valid 32 bit integer</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">list</span></code></td> +<td>list, string</td> +<td>list</td> +<td>Uses JSON’s native list representation</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">map</span></code></td> +<td>map, string</td> +<td>map</td> +<td>Uses JSON’s native map representation</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">smallint</span></code></td> +<td>integer, string</td> +<td>integer</td> +<td>String must be valid 16 bit integer</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set</span></code></td> +<td>list, string</td> +<td>list</td> +<td>Uses JSON’s native list representation</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></code></td> +<td>string</td> +<td>string</td> +<td>Uses JSON’s <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\u</span></code> character escape</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">time</span></code></td> +<td>string</td> +<td>string</td> +<td>Time of day in format <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HH-MM-SS[.fffffffff]</span></code></td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">timestamp</span></code></td> +<td>integer, string</td> +<td>string</td> +<td>A timestamp. Strings constant allows to input <a class="reference internal" href="types.html#timestamps"><span class="std std-ref">timestamps +as dates</span></a>. Datestamps with format <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">YYYY-MM-DD</span> +<span class="pre">HH:MM:SS.SSS</span></code> are returned.</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">timeuuid</span></code></td> +<td>string</td> +<td>string</td> +<td>Type 1 UUID. See <a class="reference internal" href="definitions.html#grammar-token-constant"><code class="xref std std-token docutils literal"><span class="pre">constant</span></code></a> for the UUID format</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tinyint</span></code></td> +<td>integer, string</td> +<td>integer</td> +<td>String must be valid 8 bit integer</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tuple</span></code></td> +<td>list, string</td> +<td>list</td> +<td>Uses JSON’s native list representation</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UDT</span></code></td> +<td>map, string</td> +<td>map</td> +<td>Uses JSON’s native map representation with field names as keys</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">uuid</span></code></td> +<td>string</td> +<td>string</td> +<td>See <a class="reference internal" href="definitions.html#grammar-token-constant"><code class="xref std std-token docutils literal"><span class="pre">constant</span></code></a> for the UUID format</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">varchar</span></code></td> +<td>string</td> +<td>string</td> +<td>Uses JSON’s <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\u</span></code> character escape</td> +</tr> +<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">varint</span></code></td> +<td>integer, string</td> +<td>integer</td> +<td>Variable length; may overflow 32 or 64 bit integers in +client-side decoder</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +</div> +<div class="section" id="the-fromjson-function"> +<h2>The fromJson() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#the-fromjson-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fromJson()</span></code> function may be used similarly to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">INSERT</span> <span class="pre">JSON</span></code>, but for a single column value. It may only be used +in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">VALUES</span></code> clause of an <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">INSERT</span></code> statement or as one of the column values in an <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UPDATE</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DELETE</span></code>, or +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span></code> statement. For example, it cannot be used in the selection clause of a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span></code> statement.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="the-tojson-function"> +<h2>The toJson() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#the-tojson-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">toJson()</span></code> function may be used similarly to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span> <span class="pre">JSON</span></code>, but for a single column value. It may only be used +in the selection clause of a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span></code> statement.</p> +</div> +</div> + + + + + <div class="doc-prev-next-links" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation"> + + <a href="triggers.html" class="btn btn-default pull-right " role="button" title="Triggers" accesskey="n">Next <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> + + + <a href="functions.html" class="btn btn-default" role="button" title="Functions" accesskey="p"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous</a> + + </div> + + </div> + </div> + </div> + <div class="col-md-2"> + </div> + </div> +</div> \ No newline at end of file Added: cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/cql/mvs.html URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/cql/mvs.html?rev=1757419&view=auto ============================================================================== --- cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/cql/mvs.html (added) +++ cassandra/site/src/doc/3.10/cql/mvs.html Tue Aug 23 19:25:17 2016 @@ -0,0 +1,243 @@ +--- +layout: docpage + +title: "Documentation" + +is_homepage: false +is_sphinx_doc: true + +doc-parent: "The Cassandra Query Language (CQL)" + +doc-title: "Materialized Views" +doc-header-links: ' + <link rel="top" title="Apache Cassandra Documentation v3.10" href="../index.html"/> + <link rel="up" title="The Cassandra Query Language (CQL)" href="index.html"/> + <link rel="next" title="Security" href="security.html"/> + <link rel="prev" title="Secondary Indexes" href="indexes.html"/> +' +doc-search-path: "../search.html" + +extra-footer: ' +<script type="text/javascript"> + var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { + URL_ROOT: "", + VERSION: "", + COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, + FILE_SUFFIX: ".html", + HAS_SOURCE: false, + SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: "" + }; +</script> +' + +--- +<div class="container-fluid"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-md-2"> + <div class="doc-navigation"> + <div class="doc-menu" role="navigation"> + <div class="navbar-header"> + <button type="button" class="pull-left navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".sidebar-navbar-collapse"> + <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> + <span class="icon-bar"></span> + <span class="icon-bar"></span> + <span class="icon-bar"></span> + </button> + </div> + <div class="navbar-collapse collapse sidebar-navbar-collapse"> + <form id="doc-search-form" class="navbar-form" action="../search.html" method="get" role="search"> + <div class="form-group"> + <input type="text" size="30" class="form-control input-sm" name="q" placeholder="Search docs"> + <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> + <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> + </div> + </form> + + + + <ul class="current"> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting_started/index.html">Getting Started</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../data_modeling/index.html">Data Modeling</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">The Cassandra Query Language (CQL)</a><ul class="current"> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="definitions.html">Definitions</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="types.html">Data Types</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ddl.html">Data Definition</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dml.html">Data Manipulation</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="indexes.html">Secondary Indexes</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Materialized Views</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#create-materialized-view">CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#alter-materialized-view">ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#drop-materialized-view">DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Security</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html">Functions</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html">JSON Support</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="triggers.html">Triggers</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="appendices.html">Appendices</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html">Changes</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../configuration/index.html">Configuring Cassandra</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating/index.html">Operating Cassandra</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tools/index.html">Cassandra Tools</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/index.html">Troubleshooting</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../development/index.html">Cassandra Development</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../faq/index.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../bugs.html">Reporting Bugs and Contributing</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contactus.html">Contact us</a></li> +</ul> + + + + </div><!--/.nav-collapse --> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <div class="col-md-8"> + <div class="content doc-content"> + <div class="container"> + + <div class="section" id="materialized-views"> +<span id="id1"></span><h1>Materialized Views<a class="headerlink" href="#materialized-views" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> +<p>Materialized views names are defined by:</p> +<pre> +<strong id="grammar-token-view_name">view_name</strong> ::= re('[a-zA-Z_0-9]+') +</pre> +<div class="section" id="create-materialized-view"> +<span id="create-materialized-view-statement"></span><h2>CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW<a class="headerlink" href="#create-materialized-view" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>You can create a materialized view on a table using a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CREATE</span> <span class="pre">MATERIALIZED</span> <span class="pre">VIEW</span></code> statement:</p> +<pre> +<strong id="grammar-token-create_materialized_view_statement">create_materialized_view_statement</strong> ::= CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW [ IF NOT EXISTS ] <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-view_name"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">view_name</span></code></a> AS + <a class="reference internal" href="dml.html#grammar-token-select_statement"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">select_statement</span></code></a> + PRIMARY KEY '(' <a class="reference internal" href="ddl.html#grammar-token-primary_key"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">primary_key</span></code></a> ')' + WITH <a class="reference internal" href="ddl.html#grammar-token-table_options"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">table_options</span></code></a> +</pre> +<p>For instance:</p> +<div class="highlight-cql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">MATERIALIZED</span> <span class="k">VIEW</span> <span class="n">monkeySpecies_by_population</span> <span class="k">AS</span> + <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">monkeySpecies</span> + <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">population</span> <span class="k">IS</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> <span class="k">AND</span> <span class="n">species</span> <span class="k">IS</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> + <span class="k">PRIMARY</span> <span class="k">KEY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">population</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">species</span><span class="p">)</span> + <span class="k">WITH</span> <span class="n">comment</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'Allow query by population instead of species'</span><span class="p">;</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CREATE</span> <span class="pre">MATERIALIZED</span> <span class="pre">VIEW</span></code> statement creates a new materialized view. Each such view is a set of <em>rows</em> which +corresponds to rows which are present in the underlying, or base, table specified in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span></code> statement. A +materialized view cannot be directly updated, but updates to the base table will cause corresponding updates in the +view.</p> +<p>Creating a materialized view has 3 main parts:</p> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>The <a class="reference internal" href="#mv-select"><span class="std std-ref">select statement</span></a> that restrict the data included in the view.</li> +<li>The <a class="reference internal" href="#mv-primary-key"><span class="std std-ref">primary key</span></a> definition for the view.</li> +<li>The <a class="reference internal" href="#mv-options"><span class="std std-ref">options</span></a> for the view.</li> +</ul> +<p>Attempting to create an already existing materialized view will return an error unless the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">IF</span> <span class="pre">NOT</span> <span class="pre">EXISTS</span></code> option is +used. If it is used, the statement will be a no-op if the materialized view already exists.</p> +<div class="section" id="mv-select-statement"> +<span id="mv-select"></span><h3>MV select statement<a class="headerlink" href="#mv-select-statement" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>The select statement of a materialized view creation defines which of the base table is included in the view. That +statement is limited in a number of ways:</p> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>the <a class="reference internal" href="dml.html#selection-clause"><span class="std std-ref">selection</span></a> is limited to those that only select columns of the base table. In other +words, you can’t use any function (aggregate or not), casting, term, etc. Aliases are also not supported. You can +however use <cite>*</cite> as a shortcut of selecting all columns. Further, <a class="reference internal" href="ddl.html#static-columns"><span class="std std-ref">static columns</span></a> cannot be +included in a materialized view (which means <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span> <span class="pre">*</span></code> isn’t allowed if the base table has static columns).</li> +<li>the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">WHERE</span></code> clause have the following restrictions:<ul> +<li>it cannot include any <a class="reference internal" href="definitions.html#grammar-token-bind_marker"><code class="xref std std-token docutils literal"><span class="pre">bind_marker</span></code></a>.</li> +<li>the columns that are not part of the <em>base table</em> primary key can only be restricted by an <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">IS</span> <span class="pre">NOT</span> <span class="pre">NULL</span></code> +restriction. No other restriction is allowed.</li> +<li>as the columns that are part of the <em>view</em> primary key cannot be null, they must always be at least restricted by a +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">IS</span> <span class="pre">NOT</span> <span class="pre">NULL</span></code> restriction (or any other restriction, but they must have one).</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>it cannot have neither an <a class="reference internal" href="dml.html#ordering-clause"><span class="std std-ref">ordering clause</span></a>, nor a <a class="reference internal" href="dml.html#limit-clause"><span class="std std-ref">limit</span></a>, nor <a class="reference internal" href="dml.html#allow-filtering"><span class="std std-ref">ALLOW +FILTERING</span></a>.</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="section" id="mv-primary-key"> +<span id="id2"></span><h3>MV primary key<a class="headerlink" href="#mv-primary-key" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>A view must have a primary key and that primary key must conform to the following restrictions:</p> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>it must contain all the primary key columns of the base table. This ensures that every row of the view correspond to +exactly one row of the base table.</li> +<li>it can only contain a single column that is not a primary key column in the base table.</li> +</ul> +<p>So for instance, give the following base table definition:</p> +<div class="highlight-cql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="p">(</span> + <span class="n">k</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> + <span class="n">c1</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> + <span class="n">c2</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> + <span class="n">v1</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> + <span class="n">v2</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> + <span class="k">PRIMARY</span> <span class="k">KEY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c2</span><span class="p">)</span> +<span class="p">)</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>then the following view definitions are allowed:</p> +<div class="highlight-cql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">MATERIALIZED</span> <span class="k">VIEW</span> <span class="n">mv1</span> <span class="k">AS</span> + <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="k">IS</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> <span class="k">AND</span> <span class="n">c1</span> <span class="k">IS</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> <span class="k">AND</span> <span class="n">c2</span> <span class="k">IS</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> + <span class="k">PRIMARY</span> <span class="k">KEY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c2</span><span class="p">)</span> + +<span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">MATERIALIZED</span> <span class="k">VIEW</span> <span class="n">mv1</span> <span class="k">AS</span> + <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="k">IS</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> <span class="k">AND</span> <span class="n">c1</span> <span class="k">IS</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> <span class="k">AND</span> <span class="n">c2</span> <span class="k">IS</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> + <span class="k">PRIMARY</span> <span class="k">KEY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c2</span><span class="p">)</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>but the following ones are <strong>not</strong> allowed:</p> +<div class="highlight-cql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Error: cannot include both v1 and v2 in the primary key as both are not in the base table primary key</span> +<span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">MATERIALIZED</span> <span class="k">VIEW</span> <span class="n">mv1</span> <span class="k">AS</span> + <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="k">IS</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> <span class="k">AND</span> <span class="n">c1</span> <span class="k">IS</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> <span class="k">AND</span> <span class="n">c2</span> <span class="k">IS</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> <span class="k">AND</span> <span class="n">v1</span> <span class="k">IS</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> + <span class="k">PRIMARY</span> <span class="k">KEY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c2</span><span class="p">)</span> + +<span class="c1">// Error: must include k in the primary as it's a base table primary key column</span> +<span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">MATERIALIZED</span> <span class="k">VIEW</span> <span class="n">mv1</span> <span class="k">AS</span> + <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">c1</span> <span class="k">IS</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> <span class="k">AND</span> <span class="n">c2</span> <span class="k">IS</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> + <span class="k">PRIMARY</span> <span class="k">KEY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c2</span><span class="p">)</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="mv-options"> +<span id="id3"></span><h3>MV options<a class="headerlink" href="#mv-options" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>A materialized view is internally implemented by a table and as such, creating a MV allows the <a class="reference internal" href="ddl.html#create-table-options"><span class="std std-ref">same options than +creating a table</span></a>.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="alter-materialized-view"> +<span id="alter-materialized-view-statement"></span><h2>ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW<a class="headerlink" href="#alter-materialized-view" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>After creation, you can alter the options of a materialized view using the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ALTER</span> <span class="pre">MATERIALIZED</span> <span class="pre">VIEW</span></code> statement:</p> +<pre> +<strong id="grammar-token-alter_materialized_view_statement">alter_materialized_view_statement</strong> ::= ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-view_name"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">view_name</span></code></a> WITH <a class="reference internal" href="ddl.html#grammar-token-table_options"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">table_options</span></code></a> +</pre> +<p>The options that can be updated are the same than at creation time and thus the <a class="reference internal" href="ddl.html#create-table-options"><span class="std std-ref">same than for tables</span></a>.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="drop-materialized-view"> +<span id="drop-materialized-view-statement"></span><h2>DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW<a class="headerlink" href="#drop-materialized-view" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Dropping a materialized view users the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DROP</span> <span class="pre">MATERIALIZED</span> <span class="pre">VIEW</span></code> statement:</p> +<pre> +<strong id="grammar-token-drop_materialized_view_statement">drop_materialized_view_statement</strong> ::= DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW [ IF EXISTS ] <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-view_name"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">view_name</span></code></a>; +</pre> +<p>If the materialized view does not exists, the statement will return an error, unless <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">IF</span> <span class="pre">EXISTS</span></code> is used in which case +the operation is a no-op.</p> +</div> +</div> + + + + + <div 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