[ 
https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-18802?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=17900301#comment-17900301
 ] 

Branimir Lambov commented on CASSANDRA-18802:
---------------------------------------------

Some peformance test data from a 1TB throughput test at 90% write and 10% read:

!image-2024-11-22-11-31-22-787.png!

(orange is baseline, green CASSANDRA-20092, blue CASSANDRA-18802, further 
details in the linked perf report)

Stats at the end of the throughput stage:

Baseline
{code:java}
nodetool tablestats density
  Keyspace: density
   Read Count: 999999996
   Read Latency: 1.126 ms
   Write Count: 8999999964
   Write Latency: 0.096 ms
   Pending Flushes: 0
   Space used (live): 1198658991147
   Space used (total): 1198658991147
     Table: blobs
     SSTable count: 1557
     Old SSTable count: 0
     Max SSTable size: 3835743840
     Space used (live): 1198658991147
     Space used (total): 1198658991147
     Space used by snapshots (total): 0
     Off heap memory used (total): 15364135232
     SSTable Compression Ratio: 0.942
     Number of partitions (estimate): 8926835792
     Memtable cell count: 0
     Memtable data size: 0
     Memtable off heap memory used: 0
     Memtable switch count: 2825
     Speculative retries: 0
     Local read count: 999999996
     Local read latency: 0.920 ms
     Local write count: 8999999964
     Local write latency: 0.011 ms
     Local read/write ratio: 0.111
     Pending flushes: 0
     Percent repaired: 0.0
     Bytes repaired: 0
     Bytes unrepaired: 1172528505501
     Bytes pending repair: 0
     Bloom filter false positives: 94390770
     Bloom filter false ratio: 0.010
     Bloom filter space used: 14643750976
     Bloom filter off heap memory used: 14627761696
     Index summary off heap memory used: 0
     Compression metadata off heap memory used: 736373536
     Compacted partition minimum bytes: 125
     Compacted partition maximum bytes: 149
     Compacted partition mean bytes: 149
     Average live cells per slice (last five minutes): 1.00
     Maximum live cells per slice (last five minutes): 1
     Average tombstones per slice (last five minutes): 1.00
     Maximum tombstones per slice (last five minutes): 1
     Droppable tombstone ratio: 0.000
nodetool compactionstats --human-readable
  concurrent compactors                     30                                  
                                      
  pending tasks                             96                                  
                                      
  density                                   blobs                   96          
                                      
  compactions completed                     411                                 
                                      
  data compacted                            1.28 TiB                            
                                      
  compactions aborted                       0                                   
                                      
  compactions reduced                       0                                   
                                      
  sstables dropped from compaction          0                                   
                                      
  15 minute rate                            0.37/minute                         
                                      
  mean rate                                 46.23/hour                          
                                      
  compaction throughput (MiB/s)             throttling disabled (0)             
                                      
  current compaction throughput (1 minute)  96.955 MiB/s                        
                                      
  current compaction throughput (5 minute)  90.879 MiB/s                        
                                      
  current compaction throughput (15 minute) 72.797 MiB/s                        
                                      
  id                                        compaction type         keyspace 
table completed  total     unit  progress
  ec7ed890-a80a-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 18.76 GiB  24.68 GiB bytes 76.02%  
  c74ed040-a817-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 9.61 GiB   12.33 GiB bytes 77.92%  
  710bd940-a81b-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 7.22 GiB   12.33 GiB bytes 58.59%  
  78de7410-a81c-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 6.53 GiB   12.33 GiB bytes 52.98%  
  023c29f0-a81d-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 6.18 GiB   12.33 GiB bytes 50.08%  
  206a8bf0-a823-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 1.93 GiB   3.08 GiB  bytes 62.72%  
  51fe15f0-a824-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 311.95 MiB 3.08 GiB  bytes 9.88%   
  bacdf800-a808-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 20.21 GiB  24.68 GiB bytes 81.89%  
  105c5b50-a821-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 3.52 GiB   12.33 GiB bytes 28.59%  
  99108ac0-a821-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 3.18 GiB   12.33 GiB bytes 25.76%  
  5320c400-a824-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 299.17 MiB 3.08 GiB  bytes 9.48%   
  cb094cc0-a802-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 24.63 GiB  24.68 GiB bytes 99.78%  
  bdd18820-a815-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 10.86 GiB  12.33 GiB bytes 88.06%  
  c9818530-a80b-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 18.24 GiB  24.68 GiB bytes 73.87%  
  7fa68fa0-a810-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 14.92 GiB  24.68 GiB bytes 60.47%  
  98d14890-a805-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 22.56 GiB  24.68 GiB bytes 91.40%  
  817779e0-a822-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 2.52 GiB   24.68 GiB bytes 10.21%  
  236b1930-a80c-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 17.92 GiB  24.68 GiB bytes 72.62%  
  e0c473e0-a817-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 9.43 GiB   12.33 GiB bytes 76.51%  
  fc278410-a821-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 3.03 GiB   24.68 GiB bytes 12.28%  
  9e815d40-a821-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 3.17 GiB   12.33 GiB bytes 25.70%  
  a2274f10-a806-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 21.9 GiB   24.68 GiB bytes 88.71%  
  ed111990-a822-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 2.15 GiB   3.08 GiB  bytes 69.91%  
  338309a0-a815-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 11.24 GiB  12.33 GiB bytes 91.18%  
  820e1360-a808-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 20.59 GiB  24.68 GiB bytes 83.43%  
  077d3d10-a821-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 3.55 GiB   12.33 GiB bytes 28.83%  
  67800040-a81b-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 7.27 GiB   12.33 GiB bytes 58.97%  
  457a1d80-a822-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 2.77 GiB   3.08 GiB  bytes 89.74%  
  50905820-a803-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 24.17 GiB  24.68 GiB bytes 97.92%  
  49152920-a823-11ef-a32d-e1c1789989ea      Compaction              density  
blobs 1.73 GiB   3.08 GiB  bytes 56.20%  
Keyspace size after initial workload of 1B cycles: 1.4T  .
SSTable count: 1561{code}
CASSANDRA-20092
{code:java}
 nodetool tablestats density
  Keyspace: density
   Read Count: 999999996
   Read Latency: 1.086 ms
   Write Count: 8999999964
   Write Latency: 0.095 ms
   Pending Flushes: 0
   Space used (live): 1198899880878
   Space used (total): 1198899880878
     Table: blobs
     SSTable count: 1183
     Old SSTable count: 0
     Max SSTable size: 3824131179
     Space used (live): 1198899880878
     Space used (total): 1198899880878
     Space used by snapshots (total): 0
     Off heap memory used (total): 14661904240
     SSTable Compression Ratio: 0.942
     Number of partitions (estimate): 8926835792
     Memtable cell count: 0
     Memtable data size: 0
     Memtable off heap memory used: 0
     Memtable switch count: 2825
     Speculative retries: 0
     Local read count: 999999996
     Local read latency: 0.595 ms
     Local write count: 8999999964
     Local write latency: 0.010 ms
     Local read/write ratio: 0.111
     Pending flushes: 0
     Percent repaired: 0.0
     Bytes repaired: 0
     Bytes unrepaired: 1173014759679
     Bytes pending repair: 0
     Bloom filter false positives: 61211813
     Bloom filter false ratio: 0.009
     Bloom filter space used: 13959915128
     Bloom filter off heap memory used: 13959905664
     Index summary off heap memory used: 0
     Compression metadata off heap memory used: 701998576
     Compacted partition minimum bytes: 125
     Compacted partition maximum bytes: 149
     Compacted partition mean bytes: 149
     Average live cells per slice (last five minutes): 1.00
     Maximum live cells per slice (last five minutes): 1
     Average tombstones per slice (last five minutes): 1.00
     Maximum tombstones per slice (last five minutes): 1
     Droppable tombstone ratio: 0.000

nodetool compactionstats --human-readable
  concurrent compactors                     30                                  
                                      
  pending tasks                             74                                  
                                      
  density                                   blobs                   74          
                                      
  compactions completed                     428                                 
                                      
  data compacted                            1.4 TiB                             
                                      
  compactions aborted                       0                                   
                                      
  compactions reduced                       0                                   
                                      
  sstables dropped from compaction          0                                   
                                      
  15 minute rate                            0.59/minute                         
                                      
  mean rate                                 48.97/hour                          
                                      
  compaction throughput (MiB/s)             throttling disabled (0)             
                                      
  current compaction throughput (1 minute)  96.867 MiB/s                        
                                      
  current compaction throughput (5 minute)  93.756 MiB/s                        
                                      
  current compaction throughput (15 minute) 79.818 MiB/s                        
                                      
  id                                        compaction type         keyspace 
table completed  total     unit  progress
  13578800-a823-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 310.8 MiB  24.68 GiB bytes 1.23%   
  7bdf2860-a805-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 23.86 GiB  24.68 GiB bytes 96.68%  
  83f41b00-a814-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 12.73 GiB  24.68 GiB bytes 51.57%  
  5e83e620-a805-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 23.84 GiB  24.68 GiB bytes 96.58%  
  42d71530-a81b-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 7.34 GiB   12.33 GiB bytes 59.54%  
  7a4c5490-a81f-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 4.18 GiB   12.33 GiB bytes 33.93%  
  3a579560-a816-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 10.46 GiB  12.33 GiB bytes 84.88%  
  52e4ed20-a81c-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 7.1 GiB    24.68 GiB bytes 28.77%  
  a889cb30-a81f-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 4.26 GiB   24.68 GiB bytes 17.26%  
  28db6bf0-a80b-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 19.64 GiB  24.68 GiB bytes 79.58%  
  6bc38fa0-a816-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 11.36 GiB  24.68 GiB bytes 46.02%  
  3a554a70-a821-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 2.78 GiB   24.68 GiB bytes 11.25%  
  3b572b10-a816-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 11.64 GiB  24.68 GiB bytes 47.15%  
  554756e0-a80b-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 19.49 GiB  24.68 GiB bytes 78.95%  
  e58cd160-a817-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 10.35 GiB  24.68 GiB bytes 41.96%  
  8fec0010-a816-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 11.29 GiB  24.68 GiB bytes 45.76%  
  012972b0-a823-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 412.89 MiB 3.08 GiB  bytes 13.08%  
  b8a2ae60-a81a-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 7.65 GiB   12.33 GiB bytes 62.07%  
  0d8ff1b0-a81d-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 6.48 GiB   24.68 GiB bytes 26.24%  
  0b250f60-a821-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 2.94 GiB   3.08 GiB  bytes 95.54%  
  36e529f0-a821-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 2.74 GiB   3.08 GiB  bytes 88.87%  
  a17a8390-a822-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 982.81 MiB 3.08 GiB  bytes 31.14%  
  65b78d90-a821-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 2.56 GiB   24.68 GiB bytes 10.38%  
  ef944200-a822-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 528.91 MiB 3.08 GiB  bytes 16.76%  
  ddfd43f0-a81f-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 4.03 GiB   24.68 GiB bytes 16.34%  
  2a98f870-a821-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 2.8 GiB    3.08 GiB  bytes 91.02%  
  520c31a0-a822-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 1.43 GiB   3.08 GiB  bytes 46.34%  
  4b9a4a30-a81f-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 4.36 GiB   12.33 GiB bytes 35.39%  
  76a63b80-a815-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 11.03 GiB  12.33 GiB bytes 89.48%  
  622c6b00-a821-11ef-a6cc-533198867eb8      Compaction              density  
blobs 2.58 GiB   3.08 GiB  bytes 83.77%  
  active compaction remaining time          n/a                                 
                                      
Keyspace size after initial workload of 1B cycles: 1.4T  .
SSTable count: 1183
{code}
CASSANDRA-18802
{code:java}
nodetool tablestats density
  Keyspace: density
   Read Count: 999999996
   Read Latency: 0.883 ms
   Write Count: 8999999964
   Write Latency: 0.096 ms
   Pending Flushes: 0
   Space used (live): 1207795635119
   Space used (total): 1207795635119
     Table: blobs
     SSTable count: 596
     Old SSTable count: 0
     Max SSTable size: 4345016986
     Space used (live): 1207795635119
     Space used (total): 1207795635119
     Space used by snapshots (total): 0
     Off heap memory used (total): 13206827920
     SSTable Compression Ratio: 0.942
     Number of partitions (estimate): 8926835792
     Memtable cell count: 0
     Memtable data size: 0
     Memtable off heap memory used: 0
     Memtable switch count: 2826
     Speculative retries: 0
     Local read count: 999999996
     Local read latency: 0.266 ms
     Local write count: 8999999964
     Local write latency: 0.011 ms
     Local read/write ratio: 0.111
     Pending flushes: 0
     Percent repaired: 0.0
     Bytes repaired: 0
     Bytes unrepaired: 1175047469169
     Bytes pending repair: 0
     Bloom filter false positives: 156122057
     Bloom filter false ratio: 0.009
     Bloom filter space used: 12633076672
     Bloom filter off heap memory used: 12633071904
     Index summary off heap memory used: 0
     Compression metadata off heap memory used: 573756016
     Compacted partition minimum bytes: 125
     Compacted partition maximum bytes: 149
     Compacted partition mean bytes: 149
     Average live cells per slice (last five minutes): 1.00
     Maximum live cells per slice (last five minutes): 1
     Average tombstones per slice (last five minutes): 1.00
     Maximum tombstones per slice (last five minutes): 1
     Droppable tombstone ratio: 0.000

nodetool compactionstats --human-readable
  concurrent compactors                     30                                  
                                     
  pending tasks                             120                                 
                                     
  density                                   blobs                   120         
                                     
  compactions completed                     1035                                
                                     
  data compacted                            1.65 TiB                            
                                     
  compactions aborted                       0                                   
                                     
  compactions reduced                       0                                   
                                     
  sstables dropped from compaction          0                                   
                                     
  15 minute rate                            1.48/minute                         
                                     
  mean rate                                 119.05/hour                         
                                     
  compaction throughput (MiB/s)             throttling disabled (0)             
                                     
  current compaction throughput (1 minute)  102.481 MiB/s                       
                                     
  current compaction throughput (5 minute)  104.308 MiB/s                       
                                     
  current compaction throughput (15 minute) 102.096 MiB/s                       
                                     
  id                                        compaction type         keyspace 
table completed  total    unit  progress
  3a688450-a821-11ef-8001-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 2.34 GiB   6.22 GiB bytes 37.69%  
  48352630-a81f-11ef-8001-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 5.34 GiB   6.84 GiB bytes 78.11%  
  ba59baf0-a81f-11ef-8001-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 4.67 GiB   6.84 GiB bytes 68.31%  
  3a688450-a821-11ef-8002-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 2.14 GiB   6.22 GiB bytes 34.31%  
  9d0a9130-a820-11ef-8005-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 3.03 GiB   3.09 GiB bytes 98.17%  
  3a688450-a821-11ef-8004-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 2.33 GiB   6.22 GiB bytes 37.48%  
  48352630-a81f-11ef-8004-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 5.36 GiB   6.84 GiB bytes 78.35%  
  ba59baf0-a81f-11ef-8002-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 3.93 GiB   6.84 GiB bytes 57.45%  
  94ef0680-a81f-11ef-8001-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 4.9 GiB    6.84 GiB bytes 71.75%  
  7d854d90-a821-11ef-8004-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 1.94 GiB   6.22 GiB bytes 31.18%  
  94ef0680-a81f-11ef-8004-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 4.9 GiB    6.83 GiB bytes 71.74%  
  ba59baf0-a81f-11ef-8004-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 4.69 GiB   6.83 GiB bytes 68.63%  
  7d854d90-a821-11ef-8002-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 251.95 MiB 6.22 GiB bytes 3.95%   
  48352630-a81f-11ef-8002-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 5.32 GiB   6.84 GiB bytes 77.87%  
  9ba019d0-a822-11ef-8008-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 195.31 MiB 3.08 GiB bytes 6.18%   
  9ba019d0-a822-11ef-8001-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 193.33 MiB 3.09 GiB bytes 6.12%   
  9d0a9130-a820-11ef-8004-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 3.03 GiB   3.08 GiB bytes 98.19%  
  7d854d90-a821-11ef-8003-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 244.82 MiB 6.23 GiB bytes 3.84%   
  94ef0680-a81f-11ef-8003-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 4.89 GiB   6.84 GiB bytes 71.55%  
  9d0a9130-a820-11ef-8006-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 2.45 GiB   3.09 GiB bytes 79.47%  
  48352630-a81f-11ef-8003-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 5.31 GiB   6.84 GiB bytes 77.70%  
  9d0a9130-a820-11ef-8007-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 2.44 GiB   3.09 GiB bytes 78.92%  
  23350fe0-a81e-11ef-8003-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 6.64 GiB   6.84 GiB bytes 97.14%  
  9d0a9130-a820-11ef-8002-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 3.07 GiB   3.09 GiB bytes 99.60%  
  3a688450-a821-11ef-8003-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 2.12 GiB   6.22 GiB bytes 34.00%  
  ba59baf0-a81f-11ef-8003-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 3.92 GiB   6.83 GiB bytes 57.40%  
  7d854d90-a821-11ef-8001-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 1.92 GiB   6.22 GiB bytes 30.84%  
  9d0a9130-a820-11ef-8003-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 3.08 GiB   3.09 GiB bytes 99.73%  
  94ef0680-a81f-11ef-8002-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 4.89 GiB   6.84 GiB bytes 71.57%  
  9ba019d0-a822-11ef-8002-7f4f0da0b40a      Compaction              density  
blobs 191.65 MiB 3.09 GiB bytes 6.07%   
  active compaction remaining time          n/a                                 
                                     
Keyspace size after initial workload of 1B cycles: 1.3T  .
SSTable count: 631 {code}
 

> Extend compaction interfaces to provide split points at operation start
> -----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: CASSANDRA-18802
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-18802
>             Project: Cassandra
>          Issue Type: Improvement
>          Components: Local/Compaction
>            Reporter: Branimir Lambov
>            Assignee: Branimir Lambov
>            Priority: Normal
>         Attachments: CASSANDRA-18802-perf-report.html, 
> image-2024-11-22-11-31-22-787.png
>
>          Time Spent: 10m
>  Remaining Estimate: 0h
>
> The current compaction interfaces allow a compaction strategy to split at 
> arbitrary points while it is writing output. In some cases (e.g. UCS) we know 
> in advance where we want to split. Giving this information before the 
> operation starts allows it to operate on multiple segments of the output in 
> parallel, i.e. parallelize within an operation rather than between 
> operations, which can reduce individual operations' duration and 
> significantly improve the DB's chances of keeping up with load, especially on 
> L0.



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