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ggregory pushed a commit to branch master
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-digester.git


The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/master by this push:
     new 361412dc Don't initialize an instance or static variable to its 
default value
361412dc is described below

commit 361412dcaabb579f1569c3c10e7910f9578ac904
Author: Gary Gregory <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Fri Oct 27 09:49:03 2023 -0400

    Don't initialize an instance or static variable to its default value
---
 .../commons/digester3/AbstractMethodRule.java      |  8 +++---
 .../digester3/AbstractObjectCreationFactory.java   |  2 +-
 .../commons/digester3/BeanPropertySetterRule.java  |  2 +-
 .../apache/commons/digester3/CallMethodRule.java   | 10 +++----
 .../apache/commons/digester3/CallParamRule.java    |  8 +++---
 .../org/apache/commons/digester3/Digester.java     | 32 +++++++++++-----------
 .../commons/digester3/ExtendedBaseRules.java       |  2 +-
 .../commons/digester3/FactoryCreateRule.java       |  6 ++--
 .../apache/commons/digester3/NodeCreateRule.java   | 12 ++++----
 .../apache/commons/digester3/ObjectCreateRule.java |  6 ++--
 .../apache/commons/digester3/ObjectParamRule.java  |  6 ++--
 .../commons/digester3/PathCallParamRule.java       |  2 +-
 .../java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Rule.java    |  4 +--
 .../commons/digester3/SetNestedPropertiesRule.java | 10 +++----
 .../apache/commons/digester3/SetPropertyRule.java  |  4 +--
 .../digester3/binder/AbstractParamTypeBuilder.java |  4 +--
 .../digester3/binder/CallMethodBuilder.java        |  4 +--
 .../commons/digester3/binder/CallParamBuilder.java |  6 ++--
 .../commons/digester3/binder/DigesterLoader.java   |  4 +--
 .../digester3/binder/NestedPropertiesBuilder.java  |  2 +-
 .../digester3/binder/ObjectParamBuilder.java       |  2 +-
 .../digester3/binder/PathCallParamBuilder.java     |  2 +-
 .../commons/digester3/plugins/Declaration.java     |  4 +--
 .../digester3/plugins/PluginCreateRule.java        | 10 +++----
 .../commons/digester3/plugins/PluginException.java |  2 +-
 .../commons/digester3/plugins/PluginRules.java     |  8 +++---
 .../substitution/MultiVariableExpander.java        |  2 +-
 .../java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Address.java | 10 +++----
 .../commons/digester3/Digester133TestCase.java     |  2 +-
 .../apache/commons/digester3/DigesterTestCase.java |  4 +--
 .../org/apache/commons/digester3/Employee.java     |  4 +--
 .../digester3/ObjectCreationFactoryTestImpl.java   |  2 +-
 .../org/apache/commons/digester3/RuleTestCase.java |  2 +-
 .../commons/digester3/RulesBaseTestCase.java       |  2 +-
 .../commons/digester3/SetPropertyRuleTestCase.java |  2 +-
 .../org/apache/commons/digester3/TestBean.java     |  6 ++--
 .../org/apache/commons/digester3/TestRuleSet.java  |  2 +-
 .../org/apache/commons/digester3/URLTestCase.java  |  2 +-
 .../commons/digester3/XMLSchemaTestCase.java       |  2 +-
 .../digester3/binder/Digester163TestCase.java      |  2 +-
 .../apache/commons/digester3/binder/Entity.java    |  2 +-
 .../apache/commons/digester3/plugins/Slider.java   |  4 +--
 .../commons/digester3/xmlrules/ObjectTestImpl.java |  2 +-
 .../api/documentmarkup/SetTextSegmentRule.java     |  2 +-
 .../org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/Channel.java  | 26 +++++++++---------
 .../org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/Image.java    |  8 +++---
 .../org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/Item.java     |  6 ++--
 .../apache/commons/digester3/rss/RSSDigester.java  |  2 +-
 .../apache/commons/digester3/rss/TextInput.java    |  8 +++---
 49 files changed, 133 insertions(+), 133 deletions(-)

diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/AbstractMethodRule.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/AbstractMethodRule.java
index 8cabc7a5..0346e771 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/AbstractMethodRule.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/AbstractMethodRule.java
@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ public abstract class AbstractMethodRule
     /**
      * The method name to call on the parent object.
      */
-    protected String methodName = null;
+    protected String methodName;
 
     /**
      * The Java class name of the parameter type expected by the method.
      */
-    protected String paramTypeName = null;
+    protected String paramTypeName;
 
     /**
      * The Java class name of the parameter type expected by the method.
@@ -53,13 +53,13 @@ public abstract class AbstractMethodRule
     /**
      * Should we use exact matching. Default is no.
      */
-    protected boolean useExactMatch = false;
+    protected boolean useExactMatch;
 
     /**
      * Should this rule be invoked when {@link #begin(String, String, 
Attributes)} (true)
      * or {@link #end(String, String)} (false) methods are invoked, false by 
default.
      */
-    protected boolean fireOnBegin = false;
+    protected boolean fireOnBegin;
 
     /**
      * Construct a "set next" rule with the specified method name. The 
method's argument type is assumed to be the class
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/AbstractObjectCreationFactory.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/AbstractObjectCreationFactory.java
index f64aa733..8cc01edb 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/AbstractObjectCreationFactory.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/AbstractObjectCreationFactory.java
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractObjectCreationFactory<T>
     /**
      * The associated {@code Digester} instance that was set up by {@link 
FactoryCreateRule} upon initialization.
      */
-    private Digester digester = null;
+    private Digester digester;
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/BeanPropertySetterRule.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/BeanPropertySetterRule.java
index 6b3a3762..1ffdf6b3 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/BeanPropertySetterRule.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/BeanPropertySetterRule.java
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ public class BeanPropertySetterRule
     /**
      * The body text used to set the property.
      */
-    private String bodyText = null;
+    private String bodyText;
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/CallMethodRule.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/CallMethodRule.java
index 8e9e437b..a8b98020 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/CallMethodRule.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/CallMethodRule.java
@@ -250,24 +250,24 @@ public class CallMethodRule
     /**
      * The body text collected from this element.
      */
-    protected String bodyText = null;
+    protected String bodyText;
 
     /**
      * location of the target object for the call, relative to the top of the 
digester object stack. The default value
      * of zero means the target object is the one on top of the stack.
      */
-    protected int targetOffset = 0;
+    protected int targetOffset;
 
     /**
      * The method name to call on the parent object.
      */
-    protected String methodName = null;
+    protected String methodName;
 
     /**
      * The number of parameters to collect from {@code MethodParam} rules. If 
this value is zero, a single
      * parameter will be collected from the body of this element.
      */
-    protected int paramCount = 0;
+    protected int paramCount;
 
     /**
      * The parameter types of the parameters to be collected.
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ public class CallMethodRule
     /**
      * Should {@code MethodUtils.invokeExactMethod} be used for reflection.
      */
-    private boolean useExactMatch = false;
+    private boolean useExactMatch;
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/CallParamRule.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/CallParamRule.java
index 00476ea1..ca6582eb 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/CallParamRule.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/CallParamRule.java
@@ -103,22 +103,22 @@ public class CallParamRule
     /**
      * The attribute from which to save the parameter value
      */
-    protected String attributeName = null;
+    protected String attributeName;
 
     /**
      * The zero-relative index of the parameter we are saving.
      */
-    protected int paramIndex = 0;
+    protected int paramIndex;
 
     /**
      * Is the parameter to be set from the stack?
      */
-    protected boolean fromStack = false;
+    protected boolean fromStack;
 
     /**
      * The position of the object from the top of the stack
      */
-    protected int stackIndex = 0;
+    protected int stackIndex;
 
     /**
      * Stack is used to allow nested body text to be processed. Lazy creation.
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Digester.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Digester.java
index fa097e66..f324eae2 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Digester.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Digester.java
@@ -156,12 +156,12 @@ public class Digester
      * class loader used to load Digester itself, is used, based on the value 
of the {@code useContextClassLoader}
      * variable.
      */
-    private ClassLoader classLoader = null;
+    private ClassLoader classLoader;
 
     /**
      * Has this Digester been configured yet.
      */
-    private boolean configured = false;
+    private boolean configured;
 
     /**
      * The EntityResolver used by the SAX parser. By default it use this class
@@ -176,17 +176,17 @@ public class Digester
     /**
      * The application-supplied error handler that is notified when parsing 
warnings, errors, or fatal errors occur.
      */
-    private ErrorHandler errorHandler = null;
+    private ErrorHandler errorHandler;
 
     /**
      * The SAXParserFactory that is created the first time we need it.
      */
-    private SAXParserFactory factory = null;
+    private SAXParserFactory factory;
 
     /**
      * The Locator associated with our parser.
      */
-    private Locator locator = null;
+    private Locator locator;
 
     /**
      * The current match pattern for nested element processing.
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ public class Digester
     /**
      * Do we want a "namespace aware" parser.
      */
-    private boolean namespaceAware = false;
+    private boolean namespaceAware;
 
     /**
      * The executor service to run asynchronous parse method.
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ public class Digester
     /**
      * Do we want a "XInclude aware" parser.
      */
-    private boolean xincludeAware = false;
+    private boolean xincludeAware;
 
     /**
      * The parameters stack being utilized by CallMethodRule and CallParamRule 
rules.
@@ -227,35 +227,35 @@ public class Digester
     /**
      * The SAXParser we will use to parse the input stream.
      */
-    private SAXParser parser = null;
+    private SAXParser parser;
 
     /**
      * The public identifier of the DTD we are currently parsing under (if 
any).
      */
-    private String publicId = null;
+    private String publicId;
 
     /**
      * The XMLReader used to parse digester rules.
      */
-    private XMLReader reader = null;
+    private XMLReader reader;
 
     /**
      * The "root" element of the stack (in other words, the last object that 
was popped.
      */
-    private Object root = null;
+    private Object root;
 
     /**
      * The {@code Rules} implementation containing our collection of {@code 
Rule} instances and associated
      * matching policy. If not established before the first rule is added, a 
default implementation will be provided.
      */
-    private Rules rules = null;
+    private Rules rules;
 
     /**
      * The XML schema to use for validating an XML instance.
      *
      * @since 2.0
      */
-    private Schema schema = null;
+    private Schema schema;
 
     /**
      * The object stack being constructed.
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ public class Digester
     /**
      * Do we want to use a validating parser.
      */
-    private boolean validating = false;
+    private boolean validating;
 
     /**
      * The Log to which most logging calls will be made.
@@ -304,12 +304,12 @@ public class Digester
      * <p>
      * See setCustomContentHandler.
      */
-    private ContentHandler customContentHandler = null;
+    private ContentHandler customContentHandler;
 
     /**
      * Object which will receive callbacks for every pop/push action on the 
default stack or named stacks.
      */
-    private StackAction stackAction = null;
+    private StackAction stackAction;
 
     // ------------------------------------------------------------- Properties
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/ExtendedBaseRules.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/ExtendedBaseRules.java
index 86fb6df5..80612729 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/ExtendedBaseRules.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/ExtendedBaseRules.java
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ public class ExtendedBaseRules
     /**
      * Counts the entry number for the rules.
      */
-    private int counter = 0;
+    private int counter;
 
     /**
      * The decision algorithm used (unfortunately) doesn't preserve the entry 
order. This map is used by a comparator
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/FactoryCreateRule.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/FactoryCreateRule.java
index 1a6856e3..04623bef 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/FactoryCreateRule.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/FactoryCreateRule.java
@@ -209,18 +209,18 @@ public class FactoryCreateRule
     /**
      * The attribute containing an override class name if it is present.
      */
-    protected String attributeName = null;
+    protected String attributeName;
 
     /**
      * The Java class name of the ObjectCreationFactory to be created. This 
class must have a no-arguments constructor.
      */
-    protected String className = null;
+    protected String className;
 
     /**
      * The object creation factory we will use to instantiate objects as 
required based on the attributes specified in
      * the matched XML element.
      */
-    protected ObjectCreationFactory<?> creationFactory = null;
+    protected ObjectCreationFactory<?> creationFactory;
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/NodeCreateRule.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/NodeCreateRule.java
index bf65b95e..1750c5ba 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/NodeCreateRule.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/NodeCreateRule.java
@@ -103,27 +103,27 @@ public class NodeCreateRule
         /**
          * The content handler used by Digester before it was set to this 
content handler.
          */
-        protected ContentHandler oldContentHandler = null;
+        protected ContentHandler oldContentHandler;
 
         /**
          * Depth of the current node, relative to the element where the 
content handler was put into action.
          */
-        protected int depth = 0;
+        protected int depth;
 
         /**
          * A DOM Document used to create the various Node instances.
          */
-        protected Document doc = null;
+        protected Document doc;
 
         /**
          * The DOM node that will be pushed on Digester's stack.
          */
-        protected Node root = null;
+        protected Node root;
 
         /**
          * The current top DOM mode.
          */
-        protected Node top = null;
+        protected Node top;
 
         /**
          * The text content of the current top DOM node.
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ public class NodeCreateRule
     /**
      * The JAXP {@code DocumentBuilder} to use.
      */
-    private DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = null;
+    private DocumentBuilder documentBuilder;
 
     /**
      * The type of the node that should be created. Must be one of the 
constants defined in {@link org.w3c.dom.Node
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/ObjectCreateRule.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/ObjectCreateRule.java
index da197a62..833b9a6c 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/ObjectCreateRule.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/ObjectCreateRule.java
@@ -238,17 +238,17 @@ public class ObjectCreateRule
     /**
      * The attribute containing an override class name if it is present.
      */
-    protected String attributeName = null;
+    protected String attributeName;
 
     /**
      * The Java class of the object to be created.
      */
-    protected Class<?> clazz = null;
+    protected Class<?> clazz;
 
     /**
      * The Java class name of the object to be created.
      */
-    protected String className = null;
+    protected String className;
 
     /**
      * The constructor argument types.
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/ObjectParamRule.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/ObjectParamRule.java
index 5c481553..e9292887 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/ObjectParamRule.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/ObjectParamRule.java
@@ -74,17 +74,17 @@ public class ObjectParamRule
     /**
      * The attribute which we are attempting to match
      */
-    protected String attributeName = null;
+    protected String attributeName;
 
     /**
      * The zero-relative index of the parameter we are saving.
      */
-    protected int paramIndex = 0;
+    protected int paramIndex;
 
     /**
      * The parameter we wish to pass to the method call
      */
-    protected Object param = null;
+    protected Object param;
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/PathCallParamRule.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/PathCallParamRule.java
index 9e77cf1d..db2472bd 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/PathCallParamRule.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/PathCallParamRule.java
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ public class PathCallParamRule
     /**
      * The zero-relative index of the parameter we are saving.
      */
-    protected int paramIndex = 0;
+    protected int paramIndex;
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Rule.java 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Rule.java
index 7235a33c..14fffabf 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Rule.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Rule.java
@@ -57,12 +57,12 @@ import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
     /**
      * The Digester with which this Rule is associated.
      */
-    private Digester digester = null;
+    private Digester digester;
 
     /**
      * The namespace URI for which this Rule is relevant, if any.
      */
-    private String namespaceURI = null;
+    private String namespaceURI;
 
     // ------------------------------------------------------------- Properties
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/SetNestedPropertiesRule.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/SetNestedPropertiesRule.java
index d1adf912..6723fa21 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/SetNestedPropertiesRule.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/SetNestedPropertiesRule.java
@@ -102,11 +102,11 @@ public class SetNestedPropertiesRule
     extends Rule
 {
 
-    private Log log = null;
+    private Log log;
 
     private boolean trimData = true;
 
-    private boolean allowUnknownChildElements = false;
+    private boolean allowUnknownChildElements;
 
     private final HashMap<String, String> elementNames = new HashMap<String, 
String>();
 
@@ -330,9 +330,9 @@ public class SetNestedPropertiesRule
     private class AnyChildRules
         implements Rules
     {
-        private String matchPrefix = null;
+        private String matchPrefix;
 
-        private Rules decoratedRules = null;
+        private Rules decoratedRules;
 
         private final ArrayList<Rule> rules = new ArrayList<Rule>( 1 );
 
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ public class SetNestedPropertiesRule
         extends Rule
     {
 
-        private String currChildElementName = null;
+        private String currChildElementName;
 
         @Override
         public void begin( final String namespaceURI, final String name, final 
Attributes attributes )
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/SetPropertyRule.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/SetPropertyRule.java
index 1fad5b8f..36203d42 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/SetPropertyRule.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/SetPropertyRule.java
@@ -56,12 +56,12 @@ public class SetPropertyRule
     /**
      * The attribute that will contain the property name.
      */
-    protected String name = null;
+    protected String name;
 
     /**
      * The attribute that will contain the property value.
      */
-    protected String value = null;
+    protected String value;
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/AbstractParamTypeBuilder.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/AbstractParamTypeBuilder.java
index 18211d98..43b29d01 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/AbstractParamTypeBuilder.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/AbstractParamTypeBuilder.java
@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ public abstract class AbstractParamTypeBuilder<R extends 
AbstractMethodRule>
 
     private final ClassLoader classLoader;
 
-    private boolean useExactMatch = false;
+    private boolean useExactMatch;
 
     private Class<?> paramType;
 
-    private boolean fireOnBegin = false;
+    private boolean fireOnBegin;
 
     AbstractParamTypeBuilder( final String keyPattern, final String 
namespaceURI, final RulesBinder mainBinder,
                               final LinkedRuleBuilder mainBuilder, final 
String methodName, final ClassLoader classLoader )
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/CallMethodBuilder.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/CallMethodBuilder.java
index 78994608..b1fe0c94 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/CallMethodBuilder.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/CallMethodBuilder.java
@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ public final class CallMethodBuilder
 
     private int targetOffset;
 
-    private int paramCount = 0;
+    private int paramCount;
 
     private Class<?>[] paramTypes = new Class<?>[]{};
 
-    private boolean useExactMatch = false;
+    private boolean useExactMatch;
 
     CallMethodBuilder( final String keyPattern, final String namespaceURI, 
final RulesBinder mainBinder, final LinkedRuleBuilder mainBuilder,
                        final String methodName, final ClassLoader classLoader )
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/CallParamBuilder.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/CallParamBuilder.java
index e192de70..6a177d2b 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/CallParamBuilder.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/CallParamBuilder.java
@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ public final class CallParamBuilder
     extends AbstractBackToLinkedRuleBuilder<CallParamRule>
 {
 
-    private int paramIndex = 0;
+    private int paramIndex;
 
-    private int stackIndex = 0;
+    private int stackIndex;
 
-    private boolean fromStack = false;
+    private boolean fromStack;
 
     private String attributeName;
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/DigesterLoader.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/DigesterLoader.java
index 0fbbd91e..97d986c6 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/DigesterLoader.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/DigesterLoader.java
@@ -145,13 +145,13 @@ public final class DigesterLoader
      * The application-supplied error handler that is notified when parsing 
warnings, errors, or fatal errors occur.
      * @since 3.2
      */
-    private ErrorHandler errorHandler = null;
+    private ErrorHandler errorHandler;
 
     /**
      * The Locator associated with our parser.
      * @since 3.2
      */
-    private Locator locator = null;
+    private Locator locator;
 
     /**
      * Creates a new {@link DigesterLoader} instance given a collection of 
{@link RulesModule} instance.
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/NestedPropertiesBuilder.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/NestedPropertiesBuilder.java
index 3fdaa136..f01242ab 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/NestedPropertiesBuilder.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/NestedPropertiesBuilder.java
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ public final class NestedPropertiesBuilder
 
     private boolean trimData = true;
 
-    private boolean allowUnknownChildElements = false;
+    private boolean allowUnknownChildElements;
 
     NestedPropertiesBuilder( final String keyPattern, final String 
namespaceURI, final RulesBinder mainBinder,
                                     final LinkedRuleBuilder mainBuilder )
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/ObjectParamBuilder.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/ObjectParamBuilder.java
index 704905b2..321c961c 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/ObjectParamBuilder.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/ObjectParamBuilder.java
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ public final class ObjectParamBuilder<T>
 
     private final T paramObj;
 
-    private int paramIndex = 0;
+    private int paramIndex;
 
     private String attributeName;
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/PathCallParamBuilder.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/PathCallParamBuilder.java
index 0fecde95..16848697 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/PathCallParamBuilder.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/PathCallParamBuilder.java
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ public final class PathCallParamBuilder
     extends AbstractBackToLinkedRuleBuilder<PathCallParamRule>
 {
 
-    private int paramIndex = 0;
+    private int paramIndex;
 
     PathCallParamBuilder( final String keyPattern, final String namespaceURI, 
final RulesBinder mainBinder,
                           final LinkedRuleBuilder mainBuilder )
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/plugins/Declaration.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/plugins/Declaration.java
index 46a49522..b004df2b 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/plugins/Declaration.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/plugins/Declaration.java
@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ public class Declaration
     private final Properties properties = new Properties();
 
     /** See {@link #init}. */
-    private boolean initialized = false;
+    private boolean initialized;
 
     /**
      * Class which is responsible for dynamically loading this plugin's rules 
on demand.
      */
-    private RuleLoader ruleLoader = null;
+    private RuleLoader ruleLoader;
 
     // ---------------------- constructors ----------------------------------
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/plugins/PluginCreateRule.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/plugins/PluginCreateRule.java
index 72bcc4cc..5845049f 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/plugins/PluginCreateRule.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/plugins/PluginCreateRule.java
@@ -37,14 +37,14 @@ public class PluginCreateRule
 {
 
     // see setPluginClassAttribute
-    private String pluginClassAttrNs = null;
+    private String pluginClassAttrNs;
 
-    private String pluginClassAttr = null;
+    private String pluginClassAttr;
 
     // see setPluginIdAttribute
-    private String pluginIdAttrNs = null;
+    private String pluginIdAttrNs;
 
-    private String pluginIdAttr = null;
+    private String pluginIdAttr;
 
     /**
      * In order to invoke the addRules method on the plugin class correctly, 
we need to know the pattern which this rule
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ public class PluginCreateRule
     private String pattern;
 
     /** A base class that any plugin must derive from. */
-    private Class<?> baseClass = null;
+    private Class<?> baseClass;
 
     /**
      * Info about optional default plugin to be used if no plugin-id is 
specified in the input data. This can simplify
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/plugins/PluginException.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/plugins/PluginException.java
index e18c8b20..6f539839 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/plugins/PluginException.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/plugins/PluginException.java
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ public class PluginException
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
-    private Throwable cause = null;
+    private Throwable cause;
 
     /**
      * @param cause underlying exception that caused this to be thrown
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/plugins/PluginRules.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/plugins/PluginRules.java
index ed0867c1..86d6a78c 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/plugins/PluginRules.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/plugins/PluginRules.java
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public class PluginRules
     /**
      * The Digester instance with which this Rules instance is associated.
      */
-    protected Digester digester = null;
+    protected Digester digester;
 
     /**
      * The (optional) object which generates new rules instances.
@@ -71,17 +71,17 @@ public class PluginRules
      * The path below which this rules object has responsibility. For paths 
shorter than or equal the mountpoint, the
      * parent's match is called.
      */
-    private String mountPoint = null;
+    private String mountPoint;
 
     /**
      * The Rules object that holds rules applying "above" the mountpoint, ie 
the next Rules object down in the stack.
      */
-    private PluginRules parent = null;
+    private PluginRules parent;
 
     /**
      * A reference to the object that holds all data which should only exist 
once per digester instance.
      */
-    private PluginContext pluginContext = null;
+    private PluginContext pluginContext;
 
     // ------------------------------------------------------------- 
Constructor
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/substitution/MultiVariableExpander.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/substitution/MultiVariableExpander.java
index aada65a8..c48df827 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/substitution/MultiVariableExpander.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/substitution/MultiVariableExpander.java
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ public class MultiVariableExpander
     implements VariableExpander
 {
 
-    private int nEntries = 0;
+    private int nEntries;
 
     private final ArrayList<String> markers = new ArrayList<String>( 2 );
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Address.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Address.java
index 4f94bee8..62a46364 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Address.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Address.java
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ public class Address
         setZipCode( zipCode );
     }
 
-    private String city = null;
+    private String city;
 
     public String getCity()
     {
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public class Address
         this.city = city;
     }
 
-    private String state = null;
+    private String state;
 
     public String getState()
     {
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public class Address
         this.state = state;
     }
 
-    private String street = null;
+    private String street;
 
     public String getStreet()
     {
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public class Address
         this.street = street;
     }
 
-    private String type = null;
+    private String type;
 
     public String getType()
     {
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ public class Address
         this.type = type;
     }
 
-    private String zipCode = null;
+    private String zipCode;
 
     public String getZipCode()
     {
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Digester133TestCase.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Digester133TestCase.java
index 4ef5f9b6..e1f15a9c 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Digester133TestCase.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Digester133TestCase.java
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public final class Digester133TestCase
     {
         private static final long serialVersionUID = 723339335374093719L;
 
-        private boolean flag = false;
+        private boolean flag;
 
         public boolean isFlag()
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/DigesterTestCase.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/DigesterTestCase.java
index 9bee1c08..6cb383e0 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/DigesterTestCase.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/DigesterTestCase.java
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public class DigesterTestCase
     /**
      * The digester instance we will be processing.
      */
-    protected Digester digester = null;
+    protected Digester digester;
 
     /**
      * The set of public identifiers, and corresponding resource names, for 
the versions of the DTDs that we know about.
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ public class DigesterTestCase
         class TestConfigureDigester
             extends Digester
         {
-            public int called = 0;
+            public int called;
 
             public TestConfigureDigester()
             {
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Employee.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Employee.java
index 30709060..f12ab964 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Employee.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/Employee.java
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ public class Employee
         addresses.remove( address );
     }
 
-    private String firstName = null;
+    private String firstName;
 
     public String getFirstName()
     {
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ public class Employee
         this.firstName = firstName;
     }
 
-    private String lastName = null;
+    private String lastName;
 
     public String getLastName()
     {
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/ObjectCreationFactoryTestImpl.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/ObjectCreationFactoryTestImpl.java
index d42ec030..931e30c6 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/ObjectCreationFactoryTestImpl.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/ObjectCreationFactoryTestImpl.java
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ import org.xml.sax.helpers.AttributesImpl;
 public class ObjectCreationFactoryTestImpl
     extends AbstractObjectCreationFactory<Object>
 {
-    public boolean called = false;
+    public boolean called;
 
     public Attributes attributes;
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/RuleTestCase.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/RuleTestCase.java
index ccb965b8..e63936b4 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/RuleTestCase.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/RuleTestCase.java
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public class RuleTestCase
     /**
      * The digester instance we will be processing.
      */
-    protected Digester digester = null;
+    protected Digester digester;
 
     // --------------------------------------------------- Overall Test Methods
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/RulesBaseTestCase.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/RulesBaseTestCase.java
index ccdc9349..eb5e902f 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/RulesBaseTestCase.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/RulesBaseTestCase.java
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ public class RulesBaseTestCase
     /**
      * The digester instance we will be processing.
      */
-    protected Digester digester = null;
+    protected Digester digester;
 
     // -------------------------------------------------- Overall Test Methods
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/SetPropertyRuleTestCase.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/SetPropertyRuleTestCase.java
index 2e2315c0..14af09f6 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/SetPropertyRuleTestCase.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/SetPropertyRuleTestCase.java
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ public class SetPropertyRuleTestCase
     /**
      * The digester instance we will be processing.
      */
-    protected Digester digester = null;
+    protected Digester digester;
 
     // --------------------------------------------------- Overall Test Methods
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/TestBean.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/TestBean.java
index 209e6f47..920def3c 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/TestBean.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/TestBean.java
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ public class TestBean
     /**
      * A boolean property whose initial value is false
      */
-    private boolean falseProperty = false;
+    private boolean falseProperty;
 
     public boolean getFalseProperty()
     {
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ public class TestBean
     /**
      * A nested reference to another test bean (populated as needed).
      */
-    private TestBean nested = null;
+    private TestBean nested;
 
     public TestBean getNested()
     {
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ public class TestBean
     /**
      * A String property with an initial value of null.
      */
-    private String nullProperty = null;
+    private String nullProperty;
 
     public String getNullProperty()
     {
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/TestRuleSet.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/TestRuleSet.java
index 26e7144b..93e13fb7 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/TestRuleSet.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/TestRuleSet.java
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ public class TestRuleSet
     /**
      * The prefix for each matching pattern added to the Digester instance, or 
an empty String for no prefix.
      */
-    protected String prefix = null;
+    protected String prefix;
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/URLTestCase.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/URLTestCase.java
index 4bc6c646..1cd0f6d5 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/URLTestCase.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/URLTestCase.java
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ public class URLTestCase
      * The {@code Digester} instance under test.
      * </p>
      */
-    private Digester digester = null;
+    private Digester digester;
 
     // ------------------------------------------------------------ Test 
Methods
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/XMLSchemaTestCase.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/XMLSchemaTestCase.java
index f587e9de..a742bd5b 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/XMLSchemaTestCase.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/XMLSchemaTestCase.java
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public class XMLSchemaTestCase
     /**
      * The digester instance we will be processing.
      */
-    protected Digester digester = null;
+    protected Digester digester;
 
     // --------------------------------------------------- Overall Test Methods
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/Digester163TestCase.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/Digester163TestCase.java
index 651ee00c..792af011 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/Digester163TestCase.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/Digester163TestCase.java
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public class Digester163TestCase
 
     public static final int MAX_THREADS = 4;
 
-    private DigesterLoader loader = null;
+    private DigesterLoader loader;
 
     @Before
     public void before()
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/Entity.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/Entity.java
index 4d8c5708..cec7085b 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/Entity.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/binder/Entity.java
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ package org.apache.commons.digester3.binder;
 public class Entity
 {
 
-    private String author = null;
+    private String author;
 
     /**
      * @return Returns the author.
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/plugins/Slider.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/plugins/Slider.java
index f271abe2..e9cdc354 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/plugins/Slider.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/plugins/Slider.java
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ public class Slider
 {
     private String label = "nolabel";
 
-    private int min = 0;
+    private int min;
 
-    private int max = 0;
+    private int max;
 
     // define rules on this class
     public static void addRules( final Digester digester, final String pattern 
)
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/xmlrules/ObjectTestImpl.java
 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/xmlrules/ObjectTestImpl.java
index 000252f1..520451b6 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/xmlrules/ObjectTestImpl.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-core/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/xmlrules/ObjectTestImpl.java
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ public class ObjectTestImpl
 
     private final HashMap<String, String> mapValue = new HashMap<String, 
String>();
 
-    private boolean pushed = false;
+    private boolean pushed;
 
     public ObjectTestImpl()
     {
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-examples/api/document-markup/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/examples/api/documentmarkup/SetTextSegmentRule.java
 
b/commons-digester3-examples/api/document-markup/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/examples/api/documentmarkup/SetTextSegmentRule.java
index 1741778b..1796566a 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-examples/api/document-markup/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/examples/api/documentmarkup/SetTextSegmentRule.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-examples/api/document-markup/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/examples/api/documentmarkup/SetTextSegmentRule.java
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ public class SetTextSegmentRule
     /**
      * The method name to call on the parent object.
      */
-    protected String methodName = null;
+    protected String methodName;
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-examples/rss/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/Channel.java
 
b/commons-digester3-examples/rss/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/Channel.java
index fdee8c5e..38144e5f 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-examples/rss/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/Channel.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-examples/rss/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/Channel.java
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ public class Channel
     /**
      * The channel copyright (1-100 characters).
      */
-    protected String copyright = null;
+    protected String copyright;
 
     public String getCopyright()
     {
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ public class Channel
     /**
      * The channel description (1-500 characters).
      */
-    protected String description = null;
+    protected String description;
 
     public String getDescription()
     {
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public class Channel
     /**
      * The channel description file URL (1-500 characters).
      */
-    protected String docs = null;
+    protected String docs;
 
     public String getDocs()
     {
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ public class Channel
     /**
      * The image describing this channel.
      */
-    protected Image image = null;
+    protected Image image;
 
     public Image getImage()
     {
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ public class Channel
     /**
      * The channel language (2-5 characters).
      */
-    protected String language = null;
+    protected String language;
 
     public String getLanguage()
     {
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ public class Channel
     /**
      * The channel last build date (1-100 characters).
      */
-    protected String lastBuildDate = null;
+    protected String lastBuildDate;
 
     public String getLastBuildDate()
     {
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ public class Channel
     /**
      * The channel link (1-500 characters).
      */
-    protected String link = null;
+    protected String link;
 
     public String getLink()
     {
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ public class Channel
     /**
      * The managing editor (1-100 characters).
      */
-    protected String managingEditor = null;
+    protected String managingEditor;
 
     public String getManagingEditor()
     {
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ public class Channel
     /**
      * The channel publication date (1-100 characters).
      */
-    protected String pubDate = null;
+    protected String pubDate;
 
     public String getPubDate()
     {
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ public class Channel
     /**
      * The channel rating (20-500 characters).
      */
-    protected String rating = null;
+    protected String rating;
 
     public String getRating()
     {
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ public class Channel
     /**
      * The text input description for this channel.
      */
-    protected TextInput textInput = null;
+    protected TextInput textInput;
 
     public TextInput getTextInput()
     {
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ public class Channel
     /**
      * The channel title (1-100 characters).
      */
-    protected String title = null;
+    protected String title;
 
     public String getTitle()
     {
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ public class Channel
     /**
      * The webmaster email address (1-100 characters).
      */
-    protected String webMaster = null;
+    protected String webMaster;
 
     public String getWebMaster()
     {
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-examples/rss/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/Image.java
 
b/commons-digester3-examples/rss/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/Image.java
index 0c62550a..305ebde2 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-examples/rss/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/Image.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-examples/rss/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/Image.java
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public class Image
     /**
      * The image description (1-100 characters).
      */
-    protected String description = null;
+    protected String description;
 
     public String getDescription()
     {
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ public class Image
     /**
      * The image link (1-500 characters).
      */
-    protected String link = null;
+    protected String link;
 
     public String getLink()
     {
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ public class Image
     /**
      * The image alternate text (1-100 characters).
      */
-    protected String title = null;
+    protected String title;
 
     public String getTitle()
     {
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ public class Image
     /**
      * The image location URL (1-500 characters).
      */
-    protected String url = null;
+    protected String url;
 
     public String getURL()
     {
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-examples/rss/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/Item.java
 
b/commons-digester3-examples/rss/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/Item.java
index 9f55d245..47dfc296 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-examples/rss/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/Item.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-examples/rss/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/Item.java
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ public class Item implements Serializable {
     /**
      * The item description (1-500 characters).
      */
-    protected String description = null;
+    protected String description;
 
     public String getDescription()
     {
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public class Item implements Serializable {
     /**
      * The item link (1-500 characters).
      */
-    protected String link = null;
+    protected String link;
 
     public String getLink()
     {
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ public class Item implements Serializable {
     /**
      * The item title (1-100 characters).
      */
-    protected String title = null;
+    protected String title;
 
     public String getTitle()
     {
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-examples/rss/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/RSSDigester.java
 
b/commons-digester3-examples/rss/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/RSSDigester.java
index 30e410c4..a3db9ff3 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-examples/rss/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/RSSDigester.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-examples/rss/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/RSSDigester.java
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public class RSSDigester
     /**
      * Have we been configured yet?
      */
-    protected boolean configured = false;
+    protected boolean configured;
 
     // ------------------------------------------------------------- Properties
 
diff --git 
a/commons-digester3-examples/rss/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/TextInput.java
 
b/commons-digester3-examples/rss/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/TextInput.java
index fa1204f0..144d350b 100644
--- 
a/commons-digester3-examples/rss/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/TextInput.java
+++ 
b/commons-digester3-examples/rss/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/digester3/rss/TextInput.java
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public class TextInput implements Serializable {
     /**
      * The text input description (1-100 characters).
      */
-    protected String description = null;
+    protected String description;
 
     public String getDescription()
     {
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ public class TextInput implements Serializable {
     /**
      * The text input link (1-500 characters).
      */
-    protected String link = null;
+    protected String link;
 
     public String getLink()
     {
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ public class TextInput implements Serializable {
     /**
      * The text input field name (1-100 characters).
      */
-    protected String name = null;
+    protected String name;
 
     public String getName()
     {
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ public class TextInput implements Serializable {
     /**
      * The text input submit button label (1-100 characters).
      */
-    protected String title = null;
+    protected String title;
 
     public String getTitle()
     {

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