http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-text/blob/165c8e60/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/text/beta/AlphabetConverterTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/text/beta/AlphabetConverterTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/text/beta/AlphabetConverterTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88e5926
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/text/beta/AlphabetConverterTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.text.beta;
+
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for {@link AlphabetConverter}.
+ */
+public class AlphabetConverterTest {
+
+    private static Character[] lower_case_english = {' 
','a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z'};
+    private static Character[] english_and_numbers = 
{'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z','A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z','
 ' };
+    private static Character[] lower_case_english_and_numbers = 
{'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z','
 ' };
+    private static Character[] numbers = 
{'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9'};
+    private static Character[] binary = {'0','1'};
+    private static Character[] hebrew = {'_', ' ', 
'\u05e7','\u05e8','\u05d0','\u05d8','\u05d5','\u05df','\u05dd','\u05e4','\u05e9','\u05d3','\u05d2','\u05db','\u05e2','\u05d9','\u05d7','\u05dc','\u05da','\u05e3','\u05d6','\u05e1','\u05d1','\u05d4','\u05e0','\u05de','\u05e6','\u05ea','\u05e5'};
+    private static Character[] empty = {};
+
+    private static Integer[] unicode = 
{32,35395,35397,36302,36291,35203,35201,35215,35219,35268,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,1001,1002,1003,1004,1005};
+    private static Integer[] lower_case_english_codepoints = 
{32,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122};
+    private static Integer[] doNotEncodePoints = {32,97,98,99}; // space, a, 
b, c
+    
+    @Rule
+    public ExpectedException thrown = ExpectedException.none();
+    
+    @Test
+    public void encodeFailureTest() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+        thrown.expect(UnsupportedEncodingException.class);
+        thrown.expectMessage("Couldn't find encoding for '3'");
+        test(binary, numbers, empty, "3");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void binaryTest() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+        test(binary, numbers, empty, "0", "1", "10", "11");
+        test(numbers, binary, empty, "12345", "0");
+        test(lower_case_english, binary, empty, "abc", "a");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void hebrewTest() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+        test(hebrew, binary, empty, "\u05d0", "\u05e2", 
"\u05d0\u05dc\u05e3_\u05d0\u05d5\u05d4\u05d1\u05dc_\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea_\u05d6\u05d4_\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea_\u05d2\u05d9\u05de\u05dc_\u05d6\u05d4_\u05db\u05de\u05dc_\u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc");
+        test(hebrew, numbers, empty, "\u05d0", "\u05e2", 
"\u05d0\u05dc\u05e3_\u05d0\u05d5\u05d4\u05d1\u05dc_\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea_\u05d6\u05d4_\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea_\u05d2\u05d9\u05de\u05dc_\u05d6\u05d4_\u05db\u05de\u05dc_\u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc");
+        test(numbers, hebrew, empty, "123456789", "1", "5");
+        test(lower_case_english, hebrew, empty, "this is a test");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void doNotEncodeTest() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+        test(english_and_numbers, lower_case_english_and_numbers, 
lower_case_english, "1", "456", "abc", "ABC", "this will not be converted but 
THIS WILL");
+        test(english_and_numbers, lower_case_english_and_numbers, numbers, 
"1", "456", "abc", "ABC", "this will be converted but 12345 and this will be");
+    }
+
+    private AlphabetConverter createJavadocExample() {
+        final Character[] original = {'a','b','c','d'};
+        final Character[] encoding = {'0','1','d'};
+        final Character[] doNotEncode = {'d'};
+        
+        return AlphabetConverter.createConverterFromChars(original, encoding, 
doNotEncode);
+    }
+    
+    /*
+     * Test example in javadocs for consistency
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void javadocExampleTest() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+        final AlphabetConverter ac = createJavadocExample();
+        
+        Assert.assertEquals("00", ac.encode("a"));
+        Assert.assertEquals("01", ac.encode("b"));
+        Assert.assertEquals("0d", ac.encode("c"));
+        Assert.assertEquals("d", ac.encode("d"));
+        Assert.assertEquals("00010dd", ac.encode("abcd"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void unexpectedEndwhileDecodingTest() throws 
UnsupportedEncodingException {
+        final String toDecode = "00d01d0";
+        
+        thrown.expect(UnsupportedEncodingException.class);
+        thrown.expectMessage("Unexpected end of string while decoding " + 
toDecode);
+
+        final AlphabetConverter ac = createJavadocExample();
+        ac.decode(toDecode);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void unexpectedStringWhileDecodingTest() throws 
UnsupportedEncodingException {
+        final String toDecode = "00XX";
+        
+        thrown.expect(UnsupportedEncodingException.class);
+        thrown.expectMessage("Unexpected string without decoding (XX) in " + 
toDecode);
+
+        final AlphabetConverter ac = createJavadocExample();
+        ac.decode(toDecode);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Test constructor from code points
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void unicodeTest() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+        final AlphabetConverter ac = 
AlphabetConverter.createConverter(unicode, lower_case_english_codepoints, 
doNotEncodePoints);
+        
+        Assert.assertEquals(2, ac.getEncodedCharLength());
+        
+        final String original = "\u8a43\u8a45 \u8dce ab \u8dc3 c \u8983";
+        final String encoded = ac.encode(original);
+        final String decoded = ac.decode(encoded);
+        
+        Assert.assertEquals("Encoded '" + original + "' into '" + encoded + 
"', but decoded into '" + decoded + "'", original, decoded);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void noEncodingLettersTest() {
+        thrown.expect(IllegalArgumentException.class);
+        thrown.expectMessage("Must have at least two encoding characters 
(excluding those in the 'do not encode' list), but has 0");
+
+        AlphabetConverter.createConverterFromChars(english_and_numbers, 
numbers, numbers);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void onlyOneEncodingLettersTest() {
+        thrown.expect(IllegalArgumentException.class);
+        thrown.expectMessage("Must have at least two encoding characters 
(excluding those in the 'do not encode' list), but has 1");
+
+        final Character[] numbersPlusUnderscore = Arrays.copyOf(numbers, 
numbers.length + 1);
+        numbersPlusUnderscore[numbersPlusUnderscore.length -1] = '_';
+
+        AlphabetConverter.createConverterFromChars(english_and_numbers, 
numbersPlusUnderscore, numbers);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void missingDoNotEncodeLettersFromEncodingTest() {
+        thrown.expect(IllegalArgumentException.class);
+        thrown.expectMessage("Can not use 'do not encode' list because 
encoding alphabet does not contain");
+
+        AlphabetConverter.createConverterFromChars(english_and_numbers, 
lower_case_english, numbers);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void missingDoNotEncodeLettersFromOriginalTest() {
+        thrown.expect(IllegalArgumentException.class);
+        thrown.expectMessage("Can not use 'do not encode' list because 
original alphabet does not contain");
+
+        AlphabetConverter.createConverterFromChars(lower_case_english, 
english_and_numbers, numbers);
+    }
+
+    private void test(final Character[] originalChars, final Character[] 
encodingChars, final Character[] doNotEncodeChars, final String... strings) 
throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+        
+        final AlphabetConverter ac = 
AlphabetConverter.createConverterFromChars(originalChars, encodingChars, 
doNotEncodeChars);
+        
+        final AlphabetConverter reconstructedAlphabetConverter = 
AlphabetConverter.createConverterFromMap(ac.getOriginalToEncoded());
+        
+        Assert.assertEquals(ac, reconstructedAlphabetConverter);
+        Assert.assertEquals(ac.hashCode(), 
reconstructedAlphabetConverter.hashCode());
+        Assert.assertEquals(ac.toString(), 
reconstructedAlphabetConverter.toString());
+        Assert.assertEquals(null, ac.encode(null)); // test null conversions
+        Assert.assertEquals("", ac.encode("")); // test empty conversion
+
+        // test all the trial strings
+        for (final String s : strings) {
+            final String encoded = ac.encode(s);
+
+            // test that only encoding chars are used
+            final List<Character> originalEncodingChars = 
Arrays.asList(encodingChars);
+            for (int i = 0; i < encoded.length(); i++) {
+                
Assert.assertTrue(originalEncodingChars.contains(encoded.charAt(i)));
+            }
+
+            final String decoded = ac.decode(encoded);
+
+            // test that only the original alphabet is used after decoding
+            final List<Character> originalCharsList = 
Arrays.asList(originalChars);
+            for (int i = 0; i < decoded.length(); i++) {
+                
Assert.assertTrue(originalCharsList.contains(decoded.charAt(i)));
+            }
+            
+            Assert.assertEquals("Encoded '" + s + "' into '" + encoded + "', 
but decoded into '" + decoded + "'", s, decoded);
+        }
+    }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-text/blob/165c8e60/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/text/beta/CharacterPredicatesTest.java
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diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/text/beta/CharacterPredicatesTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/text/beta/CharacterPredicatesTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e5d24e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/text/beta/CharacterPredicatesTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.text.beta;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link CharacterPredicates}.
+ */
+public class CharacterPredicatesTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLetters() throws Exception {
+        assertTrue(CharacterPredicates.LETTERS.test('a'));
+        assertTrue(CharacterPredicates.LETTERS.test('Z'));
+
+        assertFalse(CharacterPredicates.LETTERS.test('1'));
+        assertFalse(CharacterPredicates.LETTERS.test('?'));
+        assertFalse(CharacterPredicates.LETTERS.test('@'));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDigits() {
+        assertTrue(CharacterPredicates.DIGITS.test('0'));
+        assertTrue(CharacterPredicates.DIGITS.test('9'));
+
+        assertFalse(CharacterPredicates.DIGITS.test('-'));
+        assertFalse(CharacterPredicates.DIGITS.test('.'));
+        assertFalse(CharacterPredicates.DIGITS.test('L'));
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-text/blob/165c8e60/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/text/beta/CompositeFormatTest.java
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diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/text/beta/CompositeFormatTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/text/beta/CompositeFormatTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a96a098
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/text/beta/CompositeFormatTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.text.beta;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import java.text.FieldPosition;
+import java.text.Format;
+import java.text.ParsePosition;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for {@link CompositeFormat}.
+ */
+public class CompositeFormatTest {
+
+    /**
+     * Ensures that the parse/format separation is correctly maintained. 
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCompositeFormat() {
+
+        final Format parser = new Format() {
+            private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+            @Override
+            public StringBuffer format(final Object obj, final StringBuffer 
toAppendTo, final FieldPosition pos) {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not implemented");
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Object parseObject(final String source, final ParsePosition 
pos) {
+                return null;    // do nothing
+            }
+        };
+
+        final Format formatter = new Format() {
+            private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+            @Override
+            public StringBuffer format(final Object obj, final StringBuffer 
toAppendTo, final FieldPosition pos) {
+                return null;    // do nothing
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Object parseObject(final String source, final ParsePosition 
pos) {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not implemented");
+            }
+        };
+
+        final CompositeFormat composite = new CompositeFormat(parser, 
formatter);
+
+        composite.parseObject("", null);
+        composite.format(new Object(), new StringBuffer(), null);
+        assertEquals( "Parser get method incorrectly implemented", parser, 
composite.getParser() );
+        assertEquals( "Formatter get method incorrectly implemented", 
formatter, composite.getFormatter() );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUsage() throws Exception {
+        final Format f1 = new SimpleDateFormat("MMddyyyy", Locale.ENGLISH);
+        final Format f2 = new SimpleDateFormat("MMMM d, yyyy", Locale.ENGLISH);
+        final CompositeFormat c = new CompositeFormat(f1, f2);
+        final String testString = "January 3, 2005";
+        assertEquals(testString, c.format(c.parseObject("01032005")));
+        assertEquals(testString, c.reformat("01032005"));
+    }
+
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-text/blob/165c8e60/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/text/beta/ExtendedMessageFormatTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/text/beta/ExtendedMessageFormatTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/text/beta/ExtendedMessageFormatTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c47b2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/text/beta/ExtendedMessageFormatTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.text.beta;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+import java.text.DateFormat;
+import java.text.FieldPosition;
+import java.text.Format;
+import java.text.MessageFormat;
+import java.text.NumberFormat;
+import java.text.ParsePosition;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Test case for {@link ExtendedMessageFormat}.
+ */
+public class ExtendedMessageFormatTest {
+
+    private final Map<String, FormatFactory> registry = new HashMap<>();
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        registry.put("lower", new LowerCaseFormatFactory());
+        registry.put("upper", new UpperCaseFormatFactory());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test extended formats.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testExtendedFormats() {
+        final String pattern = "Lower: {0,lower} Upper: {1,upper}";
+        final ExtendedMessageFormat emf = new ExtendedMessageFormat(pattern, 
registry);
+        assertEquals("TOPATTERN", pattern, emf.toPattern());
+        assertEquals("Lower: foo Upper: BAR", emf.format(new Object[] {"foo", 
"bar"}));
+        assertEquals("Lower: foo Upper: BAR", emf.format(new Object[] {"Foo", 
"Bar"}));
+        assertEquals("Lower: foo Upper: BAR", emf.format(new Object[] {"FOO", 
"BAR"}));
+        assertEquals("Lower: foo Upper: BAR", emf.format(new Object[] {"FOO", 
"bar"}));
+        assertEquals("Lower: foo Upper: BAR", emf.format(new Object[] {"foo", 
"BAR"}));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test Bug LANG-477 - out of memory error with escaped quote
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testEscapedQuote_LANG_477() {
+        final String pattern = "it''s a {0,lower} 'test'!";
+        final ExtendedMessageFormat emf = new ExtendedMessageFormat(pattern, 
registry);
+        assertEquals("it's a dummy test!", emf.format(new Object[] {"DUMMY"}));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test Bug LANG-917 - IndexOutOfBoundsException and/or infinite loop when 
using a choice pattern
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testEmbeddedPatternInChoice() {
+        final String pattern = "Hi {0,lower}, got 
{1,choice,0#none|1#one|1<{1,number}}, {2,upper}!";
+        final ExtendedMessageFormat emf = new ExtendedMessageFormat(pattern, 
registry);
+        assertEquals(emf.format(new Object[] {"there", 3, "great"}), "Hi 
there, got 3, GREAT!");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test Bug LANG-948 - Exception while using ExtendedMessageFormat and 
escaping braces
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testEscapedBraces_LANG_948() {
+        // message without placeholder because braces are escaped by quotes 
+        final String pattern = "Message without placeholders '{}'";
+        final ExtendedMessageFormat emf = new ExtendedMessageFormat(pattern, 
registry);
+        assertEquals("Message without placeholders {}", emf.format(new 
Object[] {"DUMMY"}));
+
+        // message with placeholder because quotes are escaped by quotes 
+        final String pattern2 = "Message with placeholder ''{0}''";
+        final ExtendedMessageFormat emf2 = new ExtendedMessageFormat(pattern2, 
registry);
+        assertEquals("Message with placeholder 'DUMMY'", emf2.format(new 
Object[] {"DUMMY"}));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test extended and built in formats.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testExtendedAndBuiltInFormats() {
+        final Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
+        cal.set(2007, Calendar.JANUARY, 23, 18, 33, 05);
+        final Object[] args = new Object[] {"John Doe", cal.getTime(), 
Double.valueOf("12345.67")};
+        final String builtinsPattern = "DOB: {1,date,short} Salary: 
{2,number,currency}";
+        final String extendedPattern = "Name: {0,upper} ";
+        final String pattern = extendedPattern + builtinsPattern;
+
+        final HashSet<Locale> testLocales = new HashSet<>();
+        testLocales.addAll(Arrays.asList(DateFormat.getAvailableLocales()));
+        
testLocales.retainAll(Arrays.asList(NumberFormat.getAvailableLocales()));
+        testLocales.add(null);
+
+        for (final Locale locale : testLocales) {
+            final MessageFormat builtins = 
createMessageFormat(builtinsPattern, locale);
+            final String expectedPattern = extendedPattern + 
builtins.toPattern();
+            DateFormat df = null;
+            NumberFormat nf = null;
+            ExtendedMessageFormat emf = null;
+            if (locale == null) {
+                df = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.SHORT);
+                nf = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance();
+                emf = new ExtendedMessageFormat(pattern, registry);
+            } else {
+                df = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.SHORT, locale);
+                nf = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(locale);
+                emf = new ExtendedMessageFormat(pattern, locale, registry);
+            }
+            final StringBuilder expected = new StringBuilder();
+            expected.append("Name: ");
+            expected.append(args[0].toString().toUpperCase());
+            expected.append(" DOB: ");
+            expected.append(df.format(args[1]));
+            expected.append(" Salary: ");
+            expected.append(nf.format(args[2]));
+            assertEquals("pattern comparison for locale " + locale, 
expectedPattern, emf.toPattern());
+            assertEquals(String.valueOf(locale), expected.toString(), 
emf.format(args));
+        }
+    }
+
+//    /**
+//     * Test extended formats with choice format.
+//     *
+//     * NOTE: FAILING - currently sub-formats not supported
+//     */
+//    public void testExtendedWithChoiceFormat() {
+//        String pattern = "Choice: {0,choice,1.0#{1,lower}|2.0#{1,upper}}";
+//        ExtendedMessageFormat emf = new ExtendedMessageFormat(pattern, 
registry);
+//        assertPatterns(null, pattern, emf.toPattern());
+//        try {
+//            assertEquals("one", emf.format(new Object[] {Integer.valueOf(1), 
"ONE"}));
+//            assertEquals("TWO", emf.format(new Object[] {Integer.valueOf(2), 
"two"}));
+//        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+//            // currently sub-formats not supported
+//        }
+//    }
+
+//    /**
+//     * Test mixed extended and built-in formats with choice format.
+//     *
+//     * NOTE: FAILING - currently sub-formats not supported
+//     */
+//    public void testExtendedAndBuiltInWithChoiceFormat() {
+//        String pattern = "Choice: {0,choice,1.0#{0} {1,lower} 
{2,number}|2.0#{0} {1,upper} {2,number,currency}}";
+//        Object[] lowArgs  = new Object[] {Integer.valueOf(1), "Low",  
Double.valueOf("1234.56")};
+//        Object[] highArgs = new Object[] {Integer.valueOf(2), "High", 
Double.valueOf("9876.54")};
+//        Locale[] availableLocales = ChoiceFormat.getAvailableLocales();
+//        Locale[] testLocales = new Locale[availableLocales.length + 1];
+//        testLocales[0] = null;
+//        System.arraycopy(availableLocales, 0, testLocales, 1, 
availableLocales.length);
+//        for (int i = 0; i < testLocales.length; i++) {
+//            NumberFormat nf = null;
+//            NumberFormat cf = null;
+//            ExtendedMessageFormat emf = null;
+//            if (testLocales[i] == null) {
+//                nf = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance();
+//                cf = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance();
+//                emf = new ExtendedMessageFormat(pattern, registry);
+//            } else {
+//                nf = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(testLocales[i]);
+//                cf = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(testLocales[i]);
+//                emf = new ExtendedMessageFormat(pattern, testLocales[i], 
registry);
+//            }
+//            assertPatterns(null, pattern, emf.toPattern());
+//            try {
+//                String lowExpected = lowArgs[0] + " low "    + 
nf.format(lowArgs[2]);
+//                String highExpected = highArgs[0] + " HIGH "  + 
cf.format(highArgs[2]);
+//                assertEquals(lowExpected,  emf.format(lowArgs));
+//                assertEquals(highExpected, emf.format(highArgs));
+//            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+//                // currently sub-formats not supported
+//            }
+//        }
+//    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test the built in choice format.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBuiltInChoiceFormat() {
+        final Object[] values = new Number[] {Integer.valueOf(1), 
Double.valueOf("2.2"), Double.valueOf("1234.5")};
+        String choicePattern = null;
+        final Locale[] availableLocales = NumberFormat.getAvailableLocales();
+
+        choicePattern = "{0,choice,1#One|2#Two|3#Many {0,number}}";
+        for (final Object value : values) {
+            checkBuiltInFormat(value + ": " + choicePattern, new Object[] 
{value}, availableLocales);
+        }
+
+        choicePattern = "{0,choice,1#''One''|2#\"Two\"|3#''{Many}'' 
{0,number}}";
+        for (final Object value : values) {
+            checkBuiltInFormat(value + ": " + choicePattern, new Object[] 
{value}, availableLocales);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test the built in date/time formats
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBuiltInDateTimeFormat() {
+        final Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
+        cal.set(2007, Calendar.JANUARY, 23, 18, 33, 05);
+        final Object[] args = new Object[] {cal.getTime()};
+        final Locale[] availableLocales = DateFormat.getAvailableLocales();
+
+        checkBuiltInFormat("1: {0,date,short}",    args, availableLocales);
+        checkBuiltInFormat("2: {0,date,medium}",   args, availableLocales);
+        checkBuiltInFormat("3: {0,date,long}",     args, availableLocales);
+        checkBuiltInFormat("4: {0,date,full}",     args, availableLocales);
+        checkBuiltInFormat("5: {0,date,d MMM yy}", args, availableLocales);
+        checkBuiltInFormat("6: {0,time,short}",    args, availableLocales);
+        checkBuiltInFormat("7: {0,time,medium}",   args, availableLocales);
+        checkBuiltInFormat("8: {0,time,long}",     args, availableLocales);
+        checkBuiltInFormat("9: {0,time,full}",     args, availableLocales);
+        checkBuiltInFormat("10: {0,time,HH:mm}",   args, availableLocales);
+        checkBuiltInFormat("11: {0,date}",         args, availableLocales);
+        checkBuiltInFormat("12: {0,time}",         args, availableLocales);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOverriddenBuiltinFormat() {
+        final Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
+        cal.set(2007, Calendar.JANUARY, 23);
+        final Object[] args = new Object[] {cal.getTime()};
+        final Locale[] availableLocales = DateFormat.getAvailableLocales();
+        final Map<String, ? extends FormatFactory> dateRegistry = 
Collections.singletonMap("date", new OverrideShortDateFormatFactory());
+
+        //check the non-overridden builtins:
+        checkBuiltInFormat("1: {0,date}", dateRegistry,          args, 
availableLocales);
+        checkBuiltInFormat("2: {0,date,medium}", dateRegistry,   args, 
availableLocales);
+        checkBuiltInFormat("3: {0,date,long}", dateRegistry,     args, 
availableLocales);
+        checkBuiltInFormat("4: {0,date,full}", dateRegistry,     args, 
availableLocales);
+        checkBuiltInFormat("5: {0,date,d MMM yy}", dateRegistry, args, 
availableLocales);
+
+        //check the overridden format:
+        for (int i = -1; i < availableLocales.length; i++) {
+            final Locale locale = i < 0 ? null : availableLocales[i];
+            final MessageFormat dateDefault = createMessageFormat("{0,date}", 
locale);
+            final String pattern = "{0,date,short}";
+            final ExtendedMessageFormat dateShort = new 
ExtendedMessageFormat(pattern, locale, dateRegistry);
+            assertEquals("overridden date,short format", 
dateDefault.format(args), dateShort.format(args));
+            assertEquals("overridden date,short pattern", pattern, 
dateShort.toPattern());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test the built in number formats.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBuiltInNumberFormat() {
+        final Object[] args = new Object[] {Double.valueOf("6543.21")};
+        final Locale[] availableLocales = NumberFormat.getAvailableLocales();
+        checkBuiltInFormat("1: {0,number}",            args, availableLocales);
+        checkBuiltInFormat("2: {0,number,integer}",    args, availableLocales);
+        checkBuiltInFormat("3: {0,number,currency}",   args, availableLocales);
+        checkBuiltInFormat("4: {0,number,percent}",    args, availableLocales);
+        checkBuiltInFormat("5: {0,number,00000.000}",  args, availableLocales);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test equals() and hashcode.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testEqualsHashcode() {
+        final Map<String, ? extends FormatFactory> fmtRegistry = 
Collections.singletonMap("testfmt", new LowerCaseFormatFactory());
+        final Map<String, ? extends FormatFactory> otherRegitry = 
Collections.singletonMap("testfmt", new UpperCaseFormatFactory());
+
+        final String pattern = "Pattern: {0,testfmt}";
+        final ExtendedMessageFormat emf = new ExtendedMessageFormat(pattern, 
Locale.US, fmtRegistry);
+
+        ExtendedMessageFormat other = null;
+
+        // Same object
+        assertTrue("same, equals()",   emf.equals(emf));
+        assertTrue("same, hashcode()", emf.hashCode() == emf.hashCode());
+
+        assertFalse("null, equals", emf.equals(null));
+
+        // Equal Object
+        other = new ExtendedMessageFormat(pattern, Locale.US, fmtRegistry);
+        assertTrue("equal, equals()",   emf.equals(other));
+        assertTrue("equal, hashcode()", emf.hashCode() == other.hashCode());
+
+        // Different Class
+        other = new OtherExtendedMessageFormat(pattern, Locale.US, 
fmtRegistry);
+        assertFalse("class, equals()",  emf.equals(other));
+        assertTrue("class, hashcode()", emf.hashCode() == other.hashCode()); 
// same hashcode
+
+        // Different pattern
+        other = new ExtendedMessageFormat("X" + pattern, Locale.US, 
fmtRegistry);
+        assertFalse("pattern, equals()",   emf.equals(other));
+        assertFalse("pattern, hashcode()", emf.hashCode() == other.hashCode());
+
+        // Different registry
+        other = new ExtendedMessageFormat(pattern, Locale.US, otherRegitry);
+        assertFalse("registry, equals()",   emf.equals(other));
+        assertFalse("registry, hashcode()", emf.hashCode() == 
other.hashCode());
+
+        // Different Locale
+        other = new ExtendedMessageFormat(pattern, Locale.FRANCE, fmtRegistry);
+        assertFalse("locale, equals()",  emf.equals(other));
+        assertTrue("locale, hashcode()", emf.hashCode() == other.hashCode()); 
// same hashcode
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test a built in format for the specified Locales, plus 
<code>null</code> Locale.
+     * @param pattern MessageFormat pattern
+     * @param args MessageFormat arguments
+     * @param locales to test
+     */
+    private void checkBuiltInFormat(final String pattern, final Object[] args, 
final Locale[] locales) {
+        checkBuiltInFormat(pattern, null, args, locales);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test a built in format for the specified Locales, plus 
<code>null</code> Locale.
+     * @param pattern MessageFormat pattern
+     * @param fmtRegistry FormatFactory registry to use
+     * @param args MessageFormat arguments
+     * @param locales to test
+     */
+    private void checkBuiltInFormat(final String pattern, final Map<String, ?> 
fmtRegistry, final Object[] args, final Locale[] locales) {
+        checkBuiltInFormat(pattern, fmtRegistry, args, (Locale) null);
+        for (final Locale locale : locales) {
+            checkBuiltInFormat(pattern, fmtRegistry, args, locale);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create an ExtendedMessageFormat for the specified pattern and locale 
and check the
+     * formated output matches the expected result for the parameters.
+     * @param pattern string
+     * @param registryUnused map (currently unused)
+     * @param args Object[]
+     * @param locale Locale
+     */
+    private void checkBuiltInFormat(final String pattern, final Map<String, ?> 
registryUnused, final Object[] args, final Locale locale) {
+        final StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
+        buffer.append("Pattern=[");
+        buffer.append(pattern);
+        buffer.append("], locale=[");
+        buffer.append(locale);
+        buffer.append("]");
+        final MessageFormat mf = createMessageFormat(pattern, locale);
+        // System.out.println(buffer + ", result=[" + mf.format(args) +"]");
+        ExtendedMessageFormat emf = null;
+        if (locale == null) {
+            emf = new ExtendedMessageFormat(pattern);
+        } else {
+            emf = new ExtendedMessageFormat(pattern, locale);
+        }
+        assertEquals("format "    + buffer.toString(), mf.format(args), 
emf.format(args));
+        assertEquals("toPattern " + buffer.toString(), mf.toPattern(), 
emf.toPattern());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replace MessageFormat(String, Locale) constructor (not available until 
JDK 1.4).
+     * @param pattern string
+     * @param locale Locale
+     * @return MessageFormat
+     */
+    private MessageFormat createMessageFormat(final String pattern, final 
Locale locale) {
+        final MessageFormat result = new MessageFormat(pattern);
+        if (locale != null) {
+            result.setLocale(locale);
+            result.applyPattern(pattern);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = UnsupportedOperationException.class)
+    public void testSetFormatIsUnsupported() {
+        final ExtendedMessageFormat emf = new ExtendedMessageFormat("");
+        emf.setFormat(0, new LowerCaseFormat());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = UnsupportedOperationException.class)
+    public void testSetFormatByArgumentIndexIsUnsupported() {
+        final ExtendedMessageFormat emf = new ExtendedMessageFormat("");
+        emf.setFormatByArgumentIndex(0, new LowerCaseFormat());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = UnsupportedOperationException.class)
+    public void testSetFormatsIsUnsupported() {
+        final ExtendedMessageFormat emf = new ExtendedMessageFormat("");
+        emf.setFormats(new Format[]{new LowerCaseFormat(), new 
UpperCaseFormat()});
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = UnsupportedOperationException.class)
+    public void testSetFormatsByArgumentIndex() {
+        final ExtendedMessageFormat emf = new ExtendedMessageFormat("");
+        emf.setFormatsByArgumentIndex(new Format[]{new LowerCaseFormat(), new 
UpperCaseFormat()});
+    }
+
+    // ------------------------ Test Formats ------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * {@link Format} implementation which converts to lower case.
+     */
+    private static class LowerCaseFormat extends Format {
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+        @Override
+        public StringBuffer format(final Object obj, final StringBuffer 
toAppendTo, final FieldPosition pos) {
+            return toAppendTo.append(((String)obj).toLowerCase());
+        }
+        @Override
+        public Object parseObject(final String source, final ParsePosition 
pos) {throw new UnsupportedOperationException();}
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@link Format} implementation which converts to upper case.
+     */
+    private static class UpperCaseFormat extends Format {
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+        @Override
+        public StringBuffer format(final Object obj, final StringBuffer 
toAppendTo, final FieldPosition pos) {
+            return toAppendTo.append(((String)obj).toUpperCase());
+        }
+        @Override
+        public Object parseObject(final String source, final ParsePosition 
pos) {throw new UnsupportedOperationException();}
+    }
+
+
+    // ------------------------ Test Format Factories ---------------
+    /**
+     * {@link FormatFactory} implementation for lower case format.
+     */
+    private static class LowerCaseFormatFactory implements FormatFactory {
+        private static final Format LOWER_INSTANCE = new LowerCaseFormat();
+        @Override
+        public Format getFormat(final String name, final String arguments, 
final Locale locale) {
+            return LOWER_INSTANCE;
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * {@link FormatFactory} implementation for upper case format.
+     */
+    private static class UpperCaseFormatFactory implements FormatFactory {
+        private static final Format UPPER_INSTANCE = new UpperCaseFormat();
+        @Override
+        public Format getFormat(final String name, final String arguments, 
final Locale locale) {
+            return UPPER_INSTANCE;
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * {@link FormatFactory} implementation to override date format "short" to 
"default".
+     */
+    private static class OverrideShortDateFormatFactory implements 
FormatFactory {
+        @Override
+        public Format getFormat(final String name, final String arguments, 
final Locale locale) {
+            return !"short".equals(arguments) ? null
+                    : locale == null ? DateFormat
+                            .getDateInstance(DateFormat.DEFAULT) : DateFormat
+                            .getDateInstance(DateFormat.DEFAULT, locale);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Alternative ExtendedMessageFormat impl.
+     */
+    private static class OtherExtendedMessageFormat extends 
ExtendedMessageFormat {
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+        public OtherExtendedMessageFormat(final String pattern, final Locale 
locale,
+                final Map<String, ? extends FormatFactory> registry) {
+            super(pattern, locale, registry);
+        }
+        
+    }
+
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-text/blob/165c8e60/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/text/beta/FormattableUtilsTest.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/text/beta/FormattableUtilsTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/text/beta/FormattableUtilsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6192373
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/text/beta/FormattableUtilsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.text.beta;
+
+import static java.util.FormattableFlags.LEFT_JUSTIFY;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import java.util.Formattable;
+import java.util.Formatter;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests {@link FormattableUtils}.
+ */
+public class FormattableUtilsTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPublicConstructorExists() {
+        new FormattableUtils();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSimplestFormat() {
+        final Formattable formattable = new SimplestFormattable("foo");
+
+        assertEquals("foo",  FormattableUtils.toString(formattable));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDefaultAppend() {
+        assertEquals("foo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 0, 
-1, -1).toString());
+        assertEquals("fo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 0, 
-1, 2).toString());
+        assertEquals(" foo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
0, 4, -1).toString());
+        assertEquals("   foo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
0, 6, -1).toString());
+        assertEquals(" fo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 0, 
3, 2).toString());
+        assertEquals("   fo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
0, 5, 2).toString());
+        assertEquals("foo ", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 4, -1).toString());
+        assertEquals("foo   ", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 6, -1).toString());
+        assertEquals("fo ", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 3, 2).toString());
+        assertEquals("fo   ", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 5, 2).toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAlternatePadCharacter() {
+        final char pad='_';
+        assertEquals("foo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 0, 
-1, -1, pad).toString());
+        assertEquals("fo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 0, 
-1, 2, pad).toString());
+        assertEquals("_foo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
0, 4, -1, pad).toString());
+        assertEquals("___foo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
0, 6, -1, pad).toString());
+        assertEquals("_fo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 0, 
3, 2, pad).toString());
+        assertEquals("___fo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
0, 5, 2, pad).toString());
+        assertEquals("foo_", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 4, -1, pad).toString());
+        assertEquals("foo___", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 6, -1, pad).toString());
+        assertEquals("fo_", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 3, 2, pad).toString());
+        assertEquals("fo___", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 5, 2, pad).toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEllipsis() {
+        assertEquals("foo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 0, 
-1, -1, "*").toString());
+        assertEquals("f*", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 0, 
-1, 2, "*").toString());
+        assertEquals(" foo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
0, 4, -1, "*").toString());
+        assertEquals("   foo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
0, 6, -1, "*").toString());
+        assertEquals(" f*", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 0, 
3, 2, "*").toString());
+        assertEquals("   f*", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
0, 5, 2, "*").toString());
+        assertEquals("foo ", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 4, -1, "*").toString());
+        assertEquals("foo   ", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 6, -1, "*").toString());
+        assertEquals("f* ", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 3, 2, "*").toString());
+        assertEquals("f*   ", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 5, 2, "*").toString());
+
+        assertEquals("foo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 0, 
-1, -1, "+*").toString());
+        assertEquals("+*", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 0, 
-1, 2, "+*").toString());
+        assertEquals(" foo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
0, 4, -1, "+*").toString());
+        assertEquals("   foo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
0, 6, -1, "+*").toString());
+        assertEquals(" +*", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 0, 
3, 2, "+*").toString());
+        assertEquals("   +*", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
0, 5, 2, "+*").toString());
+        assertEquals("foo ", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 4, -1, "+*").toString());
+        assertEquals("foo   ", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 6, -1, "+*").toString());
+        assertEquals("+* ", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 3, 2, "+*").toString());
+        assertEquals("+*   ", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 5, 2, "+*").toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected=IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testIllegalEllipsis() {
+        FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 0, -1, 1, "xx");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAlternatePadCharAndEllipsis() {
+        assertEquals("foo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 0, 
-1, -1, '_', "*").toString());
+        assertEquals("f*", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 0, 
-1, 2, '_', "*").toString());
+        assertEquals("_foo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
0, 4, -1, '_', "*").toString());
+        assertEquals("___foo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
0, 6, -1, '_', "*").toString());
+        assertEquals("_f*", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 0, 
3, 2, '_', "*").toString());
+        assertEquals("___f*", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
0, 5, 2, '_', "*").toString());
+        assertEquals("foo_", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 4, -1, '_', "*").toString());
+        assertEquals("foo___", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 6, -1, '_', "*").toString());
+        assertEquals("f*_", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 3, 2, '_', "*").toString());
+        assertEquals("f*___", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 5, 2, '_', "*").toString());
+
+        assertEquals("foo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 0, 
-1, -1, '_', "+*").toString());
+        assertEquals("+*", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 0, 
-1, 2, '_', "+*").toString());
+        assertEquals("_foo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
0, 4, -1, '_', "+*").toString());
+        assertEquals("___foo", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
0, 6, -1, '_', "+*").toString());
+        assertEquals("_+*", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 0, 
3, 2, '_', "+*").toString());
+        assertEquals("___+*", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
0, 5, 2, '_', "+*").toString());
+        assertEquals("foo_", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 4, -1, '_', "+*").toString());
+        assertEquals("foo___", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 6, -1, '_', "+*").toString());
+        assertEquals("+*_", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 3, 2, '_', "+*").toString());
+        assertEquals("+*___", FormattableUtils.append("foo", new Formatter(), 
LEFT_JUSTIFY, 5, 2, '_', "+*").toString());
+    }
+
+    static class SimplestFormattable implements Formattable {
+        private final String text;
+
+        SimplestFormattable(final String text) {
+            this.text = text;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void formatTo(Formatter formatter, int flags, int width, int 
precision) {
+            formatter.format(text);
+        }
+    };
+
+
+}

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