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The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/main by this push:
     new 1913add0edc CXF-7214: Throw a Fault instead of an NPE when no conduit 
is available (#3576)
1913add0edc is described below

commit 1913add0edc2de7bdba764ee8bc7823ca93905c0
Author: Colm O hEigeartaigh <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Wed Oct 14 16:45:59 2026 +0100

    CXF-7214: Throw a Fault instead of an NPE when no conduit is available 
(#3576)
---
 .../cxf/interceptor/MessageSenderInterceptor.java  |   6 +-
 .../org/apache/cxf/interceptor/Messages.properties |   1 +
 .../interceptor/MessageSenderInterceptorTest.java  | 100 +++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 106 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git 
a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/cxf/interceptor/MessageSenderInterceptor.java 
b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/cxf/interceptor/MessageSenderInterceptor.java
index ad4a09835d9..ef4bc9c69f0 100644
--- 
a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/cxf/interceptor/MessageSenderInterceptor.java
+++ 
b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/cxf/interceptor/MessageSenderInterceptor.java
@@ -44,7 +44,11 @@ public class MessageSenderInterceptor extends 
AbstractPhaseInterceptor<Message>
 
     public void handleMessage(Message message) {
         try {
-            getConduit(message).prepare(message);
+            Conduit conduit = getConduit(message);
+            if (conduit == null) {
+                throw new Fault(new 
org.apache.cxf.common.i18n.Message("NO_CONDUIT", BUNDLE));
+            }
+            conduit.prepare(message);
         } catch (IOException ex) {
             throw new Fault(new 
org.apache.cxf.common.i18n.Message("COULD_NOT_SEND", BUNDLE), ex);
         }
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/cxf/interceptor/Messages.properties 
b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/cxf/interceptor/Messages.properties
index 487243982f2..4bd651ec382 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/cxf/interceptor/Messages.properties
+++ b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/cxf/interceptor/Messages.properties
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ NO_DATAWRITER=No DataWriter is available for Service: {0}
 COULD_NOT_UNRWAP=Could not unwrap message parts.
 COULD_NOT_SEND=Could not send Message.
 COULD_NOT_RECEIVE=Could not receive Message.
+NO_CONDUIT=Could not send Message: no conduit or back channel is available for 
the exchange.
 NO_PART_FOUND=Message part {0} was not recognized.  (Does it exist in service 
WSDL?)
 ORDERED_PARAM_REQUIRED=Parameter should be ordered in the following sequence: 
{0}
 WRITE_ATTACHMENTS=Could not write attachments.
diff --git 
a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/cxf/interceptor/MessageSenderInterceptorTest.java
 
b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/cxf/interceptor/MessageSenderInterceptorTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ff55f6e49c0
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/cxf/interceptor/MessageSenderInterceptorTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+
+package org.apache.cxf.interceptor;
+
+import org.apache.cxf.endpoint.ConduitSelector;
+import org.apache.cxf.endpoint.PreexistingConduitSelector;
+import org.apache.cxf.message.Exchange;
+import org.apache.cxf.message.ExchangeImpl;
+import org.apache.cxf.message.Message;
+import org.apache.cxf.message.MessageImpl;
+import org.apache.cxf.phase.PhaseInterceptorChain;
+import org.apache.cxf.transport.Conduit;
+import org.apache.cxf.transport.Destination;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoInteractions;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+public class MessageSenderInterceptorTest {
+
+    private Exchange exchange;
+    private Message inMessage;
+    private Message outMessage;
+    private PhaseInterceptorChain chain;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        exchange = new ExchangeImpl();
+        inMessage = new MessageImpl();
+        outMessage = new MessageImpl();
+        exchange.setInMessage(inMessage);
+        exchange.setOutMessage(outMessage);
+        chain = mock(PhaseInterceptorChain.class);
+        outMessage.setInterceptorChain(chain);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConduitIsPrepared() throws Exception {
+        Conduit conduit = mock(Conduit.class);
+        exchange.put(ConduitSelector.class, new 
PreexistingConduitSelector(conduit));
+
+        new MessageSenderInterceptor().handleMessage(outMessage);
+
+        verify(conduit).prepare(outMessage);
+        verify(chain).add(any(
+            MessageSenderInterceptor.MessageSenderEndingInterceptor.class));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoConduitOrDestination() {
+        assertNoConduitFault();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNullBackChannel() throws Exception {
+        Destination destination = mock(Destination.class);
+        when(destination.getBackChannel(inMessage)).thenReturn(null);
+        exchange.setDestination(destination);
+
+        assertNoConduitFault();
+        verify(destination).getBackChannel(inMessage);
+    }
+
+    private void assertNoConduitFault() {
+        try {
+            new MessageSenderInterceptor().handleMessage(outMessage);
+            fail("Expected a Fault when no conduit is available");
+        } catch (Fault f) {
+            assertFalse(f.getCause() instanceof NullPointerException);
+            assertTrue(f.getMessage().contains("no conduit"));
+            verifyNoInteractions(chain);
+        }
+    }
+}

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