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The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/main by this push:
     new 5e302d997e feat: route translate and to_csv through codegen dispatch 
by default (#5032)
5e302d997e is described below

commit 5e302d997e9c6c4cff1238da641844f7f15b6c53
Author: Andy Grove <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Thu Sep 10 17:59:25 2026 -0600

    feat: route translate and to_csv through codegen dispatch by default (#5032)
    
    * feat: route translate and to_csv through codegen dispatch by default
    
    `translate` (StringTranslate) and `to_csv` (StructsToCsv) have native
    implementations that are incompatible with Spark by default, so today the 
whole
    enclosing operator falls back to Spark unless allowIncompatible is set. 
Route
    them through the JVM codegen dispatcher by default instead, using the same
    NativeOptInAvailable pattern as `to_json` and `split`: the dispatcher runs
    Spark's own generated code (bit-exact) while keeping the operator on the 
native
    pipeline, and the faster native path stays available via allowIncompatible.
    
    Update the translate SQL test (previously asserting fallback) to verify 
native
    dispatch, and add a to_csv test.
    
    * review: express default dispatcher routing declaratively
    
    Replace the hand-rolled getSupportLevel/convert branching with the
    `CodegenDispatchFallback` mixin, which is what the framework already 
provides
    for exactly this shape. `exprToProtoInternal` routes an `Unsupported` 
result to
    the dispatcher plus a logDebug, a non-opted-in `Incompatible` to the 
dispatcher
    plus the [COMET-INFO] opt-in hint, and an opted-in `Incompatible` to the 
native
    proto with a logWarning.
    
    For `CometStringTranslate` that makes the whole diff one mixin on the 
original
    declaration: the pre-existing `Incompatible(Some(incompatReason))` was 
already
    the right classification. This also restores the `CometScalarFunction` 
base, so
    the function name "translate" stops being duplicated and the opted-in 
logWarning
    comes back.
    
    For `CometStructsToCsv` the original three-way `getSupportLevel` was 
likewise
    already correct -- `Unsupported` for complex field types, `Incompatible` 
for the
    #3232 types, `Incompatible()` otherwise -- so the +30/-30 rewrite collapses 
to
    the mixin. That restores `getUnsupportedReasons`, drops the duplicated
    `nativeSupported` predicate that had to stay in sync between two call 
sites, and
    picks up the logDebug on the opted-in-but-unsupported path for free. Also 
drops
    `CometCodegenDispatch` as the base, which is for expressions with no native
    path at all.
    
    Tests:
    
    - string_translate.sql gains the two rows that actually distinguish the 
paths:
      "e" + U+0301 (one grapheme, two code points) and U+0000 as the `to` 
argument.
      Built with decode(X'65CC81') / decode(X'00') to keep the fixture ASCII.
      Verified these discriminate: adding them to string_translate_enabled.sql,
      which opts into the native path, fails.
    - to_csv.sql gains options coverage (`sep`, and 
`timestampFormat`/`dateFormat`
      over date and timestamp fields), which the dispatcher path had nowhere.
    - CometCsvExpressionSuite "to_csv - default options" drops the
      allowIncompatible=true wrapper and covers c6 Double, c10 Timestamp and c11
      TimestampNTZ, which it previously had to skip. It now tests what its name
      says.
    
    Two field types are deliberately left unasserted, both Spark behavior rather
    than Comet's, confirmed against Spark 3.5 with Comet disabled:
    
    - Binary: Spark's CSV converter renders it with Java's default toString, 
e.g.
      "[B@731af74", an identity hash that differs between any two evaluations, 
so
      it is not comparable by any engine including Spark against itself.
    - Complex types: a non-null array/map/struct renders as
      "org.apache.spark.sql.vectorized.ColumnarArray@1ada50f0" and any null 
complex
      value throws NullPointerException inside Spark's UnsafeWriter.write. 
Before
      this change these schemas fell back to Spark; now they reach the 
dispatcher,
      which runs the same Spark code, so the observable result is unchanged.
    
    * review: pin to_csv dispatcher behavior for ANSI casts and complex field 
types
    
    Addresses review feedback on #5032.
    
    - to_csv_ansi.sql: a raising Cast inside the named_struct, under ANSI, in
      both the single-ordinal and the two-ordinal (#5219) shape, plus a
      try_cast counterpart and the sentinel query the ExpectError convention
      requires.
    - to_csv.sql: complex field types (array / map / nested struct) reach the
      runtime dispatch because isSupportedDataType recurses, so assert the
      dispatcher hands the nested InternalRow / ArrayData / MapData through
      without raising. On Spark 3.4 / 3.5 that is the 
CometSpecializedGettersDispatch
      generic get; verified the queries fail when its complex-type branches are
      removed.
    - to_csv_nested.sql (Spark 4.0+): Spark 4.0 gave UnivocityGenerator real
      array / map / struct converters, so from 4.0 on the rendered value is
      deterministic and can be asserted in full rather than only for nullness.
    - string_translate.sql: the two divergence rows used decode(X'..') inside an
      inline table, which Spark 4.1 rejects with INVALID_INLINE_TABLE. Use \u
      escapes instead; verified the rows still fail under 
allowIncompatible=true.
---
 docs/source/user-guide/latest/expressions.md       |   4 +-
 .../scala/org/apache/comet/serde/strings.scala     |   7 +-
 .../scala/org/apache/comet/serde/structs.scala     |   7 +-
 .../resources/sql-tests/expressions/csv/to_csv.sql | 109 +++++++++++++++++++++
 .../sql-tests/expressions/csv/to_csv_ansi.sql      |  56 +++++++++++
 .../sql-tests/expressions/csv/to_csv_nested.sql    |  56 +++++++++++
 .../expressions/string/string_translate.sql        |  35 +++++--
 .../org/apache/comet/CometCsvExpressionSuite.scala |  33 +++----
 8 files changed, 275 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/source/user-guide/latest/expressions.md 
b/docs/source/user-guide/latest/expressions.md
index c29b995fe1..65e73ec3bc 100644
--- a/docs/source/user-guide/latest/expressions.md
+++ b/docs/source/user-guide/latest/expressions.md
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ The type-name conversion functions (`bigint`, `binary`, 
`boolean`, `date`, `deci
 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
 | `from_csv` | ✅ | Codegen dispatch |  |
 | `schema_of_csv` | ✅ | Codegen dispatch |  |
-| `to_csv` | ✅ | Native |  |
+| `to_csv` | ✅ | Hybrid | Codegen dispatch by default; the native path is 
opt-in via allowIncompatible |
 
 ---
 
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ The type-name conversion functions (`bigint`, `binary`, 
`boolean`, `date`, `deci
 | `to_char` | ✅ | Codegen dispatch |  |
 | `to_number` | ✅ | Codegen dispatch |  |
 | `to_varchar` | ✅ | Codegen dispatch |  |
-| `translate` | ✅ | Native | DataFusion's `translate` iterates over Unicode 
graphemes (Spark uses code points) and substitutes U+0000 instead of treating 
it as a deletion sentinel, so the native path is opt-in via allowIncompatible |
+| `translate` | ✅ | Hybrid | Codegen dispatch by default: DataFusion's 
`translate` iterates over Unicode graphemes (Spark uses code points) and 
substitutes U+0000 instead of treating it as a deletion sentinel, so the native 
path is opt-in via allowIncompatible |
 | `trim` | ✅ | Native |  |
 | `try_to_binary` | ✅ | — | Runs natively (rewrites to 
`try_eval(to_binary(...))`) |
 | `try_to_number` | ✅ | Codegen dispatch | Routed through the JVM codegen 
dispatcher |
diff --git a/spark/src/main/scala/org/apache/comet/serde/strings.scala 
b/spark/src/main/scala/org/apache/comet/serde/strings.scala
index a5707c151f..5adb6aab7d 100644
--- a/spark/src/main/scala/org/apache/comet/serde/strings.scala
+++ b/spark/src/main/scala/org/apache/comet/serde/strings.scala
@@ -109,7 +109,12 @@ object CometOctetLength extends 
CometScalarFunction[OctetLength]("octet_length")
   }
 }
 
-object CometStringTranslate extends 
CometScalarFunction[StringTranslate]("translate") {
+// Routes through the JVM codegen dispatcher by default via 
`CodegenDispatchFallback`: the
+// `Incompatible` result below reaches the dispatcher (Spark's own 
`doGenCode`, bit-exact) instead
+// of falling the projection back to Spark. The native path stays available 
via `allowIncompatible`.
+object CometStringTranslate
+    extends CometScalarFunction[StringTranslate]("translate")
+    with CodegenDispatchFallback {
   private val incompatReason =
     "DataFusion's translate iterates over Unicode graphemes (Spark uses code 
points) and" +
       " substitutes U+0000 instead of treating it as a deletion sentinel"
diff --git a/spark/src/main/scala/org/apache/comet/serde/structs.scala 
b/spark/src/main/scala/org/apache/comet/serde/structs.scala
index 2f9619d491..a1cfcadd57 100644
--- a/spark/src/main/scala/org/apache/comet/serde/structs.scala
+++ b/spark/src/main/scala/org/apache/comet/serde/structs.scala
@@ -258,7 +258,12 @@ object CometJsonToStructs extends 
CometCodegenDispatch[JsonToStructs] with Nativ
   }
 }
 
-object CometStructsToCsv extends CometExpressionSerde[StructsToCsv] {
+// Routes through the JVM codegen dispatcher by default: the `Unsupported` 
(complex field types)
+// and non-opted-in `Incompatible` (#3232 field types) results below are both 
handled by
+// `CodegenDispatchFallback`, which runs Spark's own `doGenCode` inside the 
Comet pipeline so the
+// projection stays native and bit-exact. The native ToCsv path remains 
available via
+// `allowIncompatible`, for the field types it can actually handle.
+object CometStructsToCsv extends CometExpressionSerde[StructsToCsv] with 
CodegenDispatchFallback {
 
   private val incompatibleDataTypes = Seq(DateType, TimestampType, 
TimestampNTZType, BinaryType)
 
diff --git a/spark/src/test/resources/sql-tests/expressions/csv/to_csv.sql 
b/spark/src/test/resources/sql-tests/expressions/csv/to_csv.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bc210b83f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spark/src/test/resources/sql-tests/expressions/csv/to_csv.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+-- or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+-- distributed with this work for additional information
+-- regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+-- to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+-- "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+-- with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+-- software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+-- "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+-- KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+-- specific language governing permissions and limitations
+-- under the License.
+
+-- to_csv runs through the codegen dispatcher by default so results match 
Spark exactly, including
+-- quoting and escaping. The native path is opt-in via
+-- spark.comet.expression.StructsToCsv.allowIncompatible.
+
+statement
+CREATE TABLE test_to_csv(a int, b string, c double) USING parquet
+
+statement
+INSERT INTO test_to_csv VALUES
+  (1, 'x', 2.5),
+  (-3, 'hello,world', 0.0),
+  (0, 'has "quote"', -1.5),
+  (NULL, NULL, NULL),
+  (7, '', 3.0)
+
+-- column struct: values with delimiters and quotes exercise Spark's CSV 
quoting rules
+query
+SELECT to_csv(named_struct('a', a, 'b', b, 'c', c)) FROM test_to_csv
+
+-- literal struct (constant folding is disabled by the test suite)
+query
+SELECT
+  to_csv(named_struct('a', 1, 'b', 'x', 'c', 2.5)),
+  to_csv(named_struct('s', 'a,b', 'n', CAST(NULL AS INT)))
+
+-- Options are the main axis of behavior difference for this expression, and 
the dispatcher path
+-- had no options coverage anywhere (CometCsvExpressionSuite only varies them 
under
+-- allowIncompatible=true). `sep` also changes which values need quoting.
+query
+SELECT to_csv(named_struct('a', a, 'b', b, 'c', c), map('sep', ';')) FROM 
test_to_csv
+
+-- timestampFormat over date and timestamp fields: these are the #3232 types 
that were
+-- Incompatible before this change and now route through the dispatcher.
+-- BinaryType is the other #3232 type but is deliberately absent: on Spark 3.4 
/ 3.5 the CSV
+-- converter has no binary branch and renders it with Java's default 
Object.toString(), e.g.
+-- "[B@10bc15e4", an identity hash that differs between any two evaluations, 
so the value is not
+-- assertable by any engine including Spark itself. (Spark 4.0 added a real 
binary formatter, but
+-- this fixture runs on every supported version.)
+statement
+CREATE TABLE test_to_csv_temporal(d date, t timestamp) USING parquet
+
+statement
+INSERT INTO test_to_csv_temporal VALUES
+  (DATE '2024-01-31', TIMESTAMP '2024-01-31 12:34:56.789'),
+  (DATE '1970-01-01', TIMESTAMP '1970-01-01 00:00:00'),
+  (NULL, NULL)
+
+query
+SELECT to_csv(named_struct('d', d, 't', t)) FROM test_to_csv_temporal
+
+query
+SELECT to_csv(named_struct('d', d, 't', t), map('timestampFormat', 'yyyy/MM/dd 
HH:mm', 'dateFormat', 'dd-MM-yyyy')) FROM test_to_csv_temporal
+
+-- Complex field types (arrays, maps, nested structs). 
`StructsToCsv.checkInputDataTypes` accepts
+-- them and `CometBatchKernelCodegen.isSupportedDataType` recurses into them, 
so they pass the
+-- plan-time gate and reach the runtime dispatch. That is the 
accepted-at-plan-time /
+-- rejected-at-runtime shape #5219 found for TIME types: `canHandle` 
greenlights the expression
+-- before the plan commits, so a runtime gap is an execute-time failure with 
no fallback left.
+--
+-- Only non-nullness is asserted here, because the rendered value is not 
comparable on every
+-- supported Spark version. Spark 3.4 / 3.5's 
`UnivocityGenerator.makeConverter` has no branch for
+-- complex types and lands on `getter.get(ordinal, dataType).toString`, an 
identity string such as
+-- "org.apache.spark.sql.vectorized.ColumnarArray@1ada50f0" whose hash differs 
between any two
+-- evaluations and whose class differs between Spark's converter input 
(`ColumnarArray` /
+-- `UnsafeArrayData`) and the kernel's (`InputArray_*`). That generic `get` is 
exactly what
+-- `CometSpecializedGettersDispatch` implements for `CometInternalRow` / 
`CometArrayData`, so on
+-- those versions these queries are the coverage for it. Spark 4.0 added real 
array/map/struct
+-- converters, which render deterministically; `to_csv_nested.sql` asserts 
those values in full.
+statement
+CREATE TABLE test_to_csv_nested(s struct<i: int, arr: array<int>, m: 
map<string, int>, n: struct<x: int, y: string>>) USING parquet
+
+statement
+INSERT INTO test_to_csv_nested VALUES
+  (named_struct('i', 1, 'arr', array(1, 2, 3), 'm', map('k', 10), 'n', 
named_struct('x', 5, 'y', 'z'))),
+  (named_struct('i', NULL, 'arr', CAST(NULL AS array<int>), 'm', CAST(NULL AS 
map<string, int>), 'n', CAST(NULL AS struct<x: int, y: string>))),
+  (CAST(NULL AS struct<i: int, arr: array<int>, m: map<string, int>, n: 
struct<x: int, y: string>>))
+
+-- Struct column straight from the scan: the kernel reads it with getStruct, 
so the converter's
+-- per-field reads of the array / map / struct fields all land on 
`CometInternalRow`. The all-null
+-- and null-struct rows keep the assertion from collapsing to a constant true.
+query
+SELECT to_csv(s) IS NOT NULL FROM test_to_csv_nested
+
+-- named_struct over the complex fields: the kernel's array / map / struct 
readers produce the
+-- values that CreateNamedStruct stores into the row the converter then reads.
+query
+SELECT to_csv(named_struct('arr', s.arr, 'm', s.m, 'n', s.n)) IS NOT NULL FROM 
test_to_csv_nested
+
+-- Complex types nested inside complex types, so the converter recurses 
through the kernel's
+-- element getters rather than stopping at the first level.
+query
+SELECT to_csv(named_struct('aa', array(array(1, 2), array(3)), 'ms', map('k', 
named_struct('x', 1)))) IS NOT NULL FROM test_to_csv_nested
diff --git a/spark/src/test/resources/sql-tests/expressions/csv/to_csv_ansi.sql 
b/spark/src/test/resources/sql-tests/expressions/csv/to_csv_ansi.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ba07ad49d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spark/src/test/resources/sql-tests/expressions/csv/to_csv_ansi.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+-- or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+-- distributed with this work for additional information
+-- regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+-- to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+-- "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+-- with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+-- software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+-- "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+-- KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+-- specific language governing permissions and limitations
+-- under the License.
+
+-- ANSI mode with a raising subtree inside the struct: `to_csv` routes through 
the codegen
+-- dispatcher by default, and the whole tree (StructsToCsv over 
CreateNamedStruct over Cast) is
+-- bound into one kernel, so the Cast's ANSI throw has to survive the 
dispatcher rather than being
+-- swallowed into a NULL. That is the failure mode #5219 fixed for 
`CometBatchKernelCodegen`'s null
+-- short-circuit, which skipped a subtree Spark would have evaluated when 
every input ordinal was
+-- tested up front.
+--
+-- `to_csv` does not reach the short-circuit today (CreateNamedStruct is not 
NullIntolerant, so
+-- `allNullIntolerant` already fails), but the shape is one wire-up change 
away from mattering and
+-- was untested for this expression, so these queries pin it. The second query 
is the exact #5219
+-- shape: two input ordinals where the non-cast one is NULL on the row whose 
cast raises.
+-- Config: spark.sql.ansi.enabled=true
+-- Config: spark.comet.exec.scalaUDF.codegen.enabled=true
+
+statement
+CREATE TABLE test_to_csv_ansi(s string, i int) USING parquet
+
+statement
+INSERT INTO test_to_csv_ansi VALUES
+  ('1', 10),
+  ('notanint', NULL)
+
+query expect_error(CAST_INVALID_INPUT)
+SELECT to_csv(named_struct('a', CAST(s AS INT))) FROM test_to_csv_ansi
+
+query expect_error(CAST_INVALID_INPUT)
+SELECT to_csv(named_struct('a', CAST(s AS INT), 'b', i)) FROM test_to_csv_ansi
+
+-- The struct field's cast is the only raising node, so restricting to the 
well-formed row makes
+-- the expression succeed. Doubles as the sentinel required by `ExpectError` 
fixtures: it uses
+-- checkSparkAnswerAndOperator, so a silent dispatcher rejection (which would 
make the queries
+-- above pass vacuously via a Spark fallback that raises the same error) fails 
here instead.
+query
+SELECT to_csv(named_struct('a', CAST(s AS INT), 'b', i)) FROM test_to_csv_ansi 
WHERE i IS NOT NULL
+
+-- try_cast does not raise under ANSI, so the surrounding to_csv must render 
the NULL field with
+-- the CSV nullValue rather than propagating an error.
+query
+SELECT to_csv(named_struct('a', TRY_CAST(s AS INT), 'b', i)) FROM 
test_to_csv_ansi
diff --git 
a/spark/src/test/resources/sql-tests/expressions/csv/to_csv_nested.sql 
b/spark/src/test/resources/sql-tests/expressions/csv/to_csv_nested.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe768ab16b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spark/src/test/resources/sql-tests/expressions/csv/to_csv_nested.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+-- or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+-- distributed with this work for additional information
+-- regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+-- to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+-- "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+-- with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+-- software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+-- "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+-- KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+-- specific language governing permissions and limitations
+-- under the License.
+
+-- Full-value coverage of `to_csv` over complex field types, which 
`to_csv.sql` can only assert for
+-- non-nullness because Spark 3.4 / 3.5 render a complex field as a Java 
identity string. Spark 4.0
+-- gave `UnivocityGenerator.makeConverter` real array / map / struct branches 
("[1, 2, 3]",
+-- "{k -> 10}", "{5, z}"), built from the typed `getArray` / `getMap` / 
`getStruct` getters, so from
+-- 4.0 on the value is deterministic and Comet's kernel-side 
`CometInternalRow` / `CometArrayData` /
+-- `CometMapData` getters have to agree with Spark's row-side ones element for 
element.
+-- MinSparkVersion: 4.0
+
+statement
+CREATE TABLE test_to_csv_nested4(s struct<i: int, arr: array<int>, m: 
map<string, int>, n: struct<x: int, y: string>>) USING parquet
+
+statement
+INSERT INTO test_to_csv_nested4 VALUES
+  (named_struct('i', 1, 'arr', array(1, 2, 3), 'm', map('k', 10), 'n', 
named_struct('x', 5, 'y', 'z'))),
+  (named_struct('i', 2, 'arr', array(), 'm', map(), 'n', named_struct('x', 
NULL, 'y', NULL))),
+  (named_struct('i', 3, 'arr', array(1, CAST(NULL AS int)), 'm', map('k', 
CAST(NULL AS int)), 'n', named_struct('x', 7, 'y', 'a,b'))),
+  (named_struct('i', NULL, 'arr', CAST(NULL AS array<int>), 'm', CAST(NULL AS 
map<string, int>), 'n', CAST(NULL AS struct<x: int, y: string>))),
+  (CAST(NULL AS struct<i: int, arr: array<int>, m: map<string, int>, n: 
struct<x: int, y: string>>))
+
+-- Struct column straight from the scan: the converter reads the array / map / 
struct fields off
+-- the kernel's CometInternalRow. Empty collections, null elements and a value 
needing CSV quoting
+-- are all in the data above.
+query
+SELECT to_csv(s) FROM test_to_csv_nested4
+
+-- nullValue changes how a null *element* inside a complex field renders 
(`appendNull` only emits
+-- when the option was set explicitly), which is a separate code path from a 
null top-level field.
+query
+SELECT to_csv(s, map('nullValue', 'NIL')) FROM test_to_csv_nested4
+
+-- named_struct over the complex fields, so the values pass through 
CreateNamedStruct's row before
+-- the converter reads them back.
+query
+SELECT to_csv(named_struct('arr', s.arr, 'm', s.m, 'n', s.n)) FROM 
test_to_csv_nested4
+
+-- Complex inside complex: the converter recurses, so an array-of-array read 
goes through the
+-- kernel's element getters rather than stopping at the first level.
+query
+SELECT to_csv(named_struct('aa', array(array(1, 2), array(3)), 'ms', map('k', 
named_struct('x', 1)))) FROM test_to_csv_nested4
diff --git 
a/spark/src/test/resources/sql-tests/expressions/string/string_translate.sql 
b/spark/src/test/resources/sql-tests/expressions/string/string_translate.sql
index d9dabde9f5..ca755cd70a 100644
--- a/spark/src/test/resources/sql-tests/expressions/string/string_translate.sql
+++ b/spark/src/test/resources/sql-tests/expressions/string/string_translate.sql
@@ -15,29 +15,44 @@
 -- specific language governing permissions and limitations
 -- under the License.
 
--- translate is gated as Incompatible by default. DataFusion's translate 
iterates over Unicode
--- graphemes (Spark uses code points) and substitutes U+0000 instead of 
treating it as a deletion
--- sentinel, so the native path silently diverges from Spark for 
combining-mark inputs and for
--- to=NUL. These default-config tests assert that the expression falls back 
cleanly to Spark.
--- See string_translate_enabled.sql for the opt-in native path.
+-- translate runs through the codegen dispatcher by default so results match 
Spark exactly. The
+-- native path diverges from Spark (DataFusion iterates over Unicode graphemes 
where Spark uses code
+-- points, and substitutes U+0000 instead of treating it as a deletion 
sentinel), so it is opt-in
+-- via spark.comet.expression.StringTranslate.allowIncompatible. See 
string_translate_enabled.sql
+-- for the opt-in native path.
 
 statement
 CREATE TABLE test_translate(s string, from_str string, to_str string) USING 
parquet
 
+-- The last two rows are the regression test for this file's routing change: 
they are the inputs
+-- where the native path is known to disagree with Spark, so they are only 
assertable now that the
+-- default is the bit-exact dispatcher. Written with \u escapes rather than 
literal characters to
+-- keep the fixture ASCII. They have to be plain string literals: an inline 
table only accepts
+-- expressions the analyzer can evaluate, and `decode(X'..')` is not one of 
them on Spark 4.1
+-- (INVALID_INLINE_TABLE.CANNOT_EVALUATE_EXPRESSION_IN_INLINE_TABLE).
+--   'cafe\u0301' ends in "e" + U+0301 COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT: one grapheme, 
two code
+--     points. DataFusion iterates graphemes, Spark iterates code points, so 
translating "e"
+--     differs.
+--   '\u0000' as the `to` argument is U+0000, which Spark treats as a deletion 
sentinel and
+--     the native path substitutes it literally.
 statement
-INSERT INTO test_translate VALUES ('hello', 'el', 'ip'), ('hello', 'aeiou', 
'12345'), ('', 'a', 'b'), (NULL, 'a', 'b'), ('hello', '', ''), ('abc', 'abc', 
'x')
+INSERT INTO test_translate VALUES
+  ('hello', 'el', 'ip'), ('hello', 'aeiou', '12345'), ('', 'a', 'b'), (NULL, 
'a', 'b'),
+  ('hello', '', ''), ('abc', 'abc', 'x'),
+  ('cafe\u0301', 'e', 'E'),
+  ('hello', 'l', '\u0000')
 
-query expect_fallback(is not fully compatible with Spark)
+query
 SELECT translate(s, from_str, to_str) FROM test_translate
 
 -- column + literal + literal
-query expect_fallback(is not fully compatible with Spark)
+query
 SELECT translate(s, 'el', 'ip') FROM test_translate
 
 -- literal + column + column
-query expect_fallback(is not fully compatible with Spark)
+query
 SELECT translate('hello', from_str, to_str) FROM test_translate
 
 -- literal + literal + literal
-query expect_fallback(is not fully compatible with Spark)
+query
 SELECT translate('hello', 'el', 'ip'), translate('hello', 'aeiou', '12345'), 
translate('', 'a', 'b'), translate(NULL, 'a', 'b')
diff --git 
a/spark/src/test/scala/org/apache/comet/CometCsvExpressionSuite.scala 
b/spark/src/test/scala/org/apache/comet/CometCsvExpressionSuite.scala
index f7e6b03d33..6e50e7cb9a 100644
--- a/spark/src/test/scala/org/apache/comet/CometCsvExpressionSuite.scala
+++ b/spark/src/test/scala/org/apache/comet/CometCsvExpressionSuite.scala
@@ -47,24 +47,21 @@ class CometCsvExpressionSuite extends CometTestBase with 
AdaptiveSparkPlanHelper
           SchemaGenOptions(generateArray = false, generateStruct = false, 
generateMap = false),
           DataGenOptions(allowNull = true, generateNegativeZero = true))
       }
-      
withSQLConf(CometConf.getExprAllowIncompatConfigKey(classOf[StructsToCsv]) -> 
"true") {
-        val df = spark.read
-          .parquet(filename)
-          .select(
-            to_csv(
-              struct(
-                col("c0"),
-                col("c1"),
-                col("c2"),
-                col("c3"),
-                col("c4"),
-                col("c5"),
-                col("c7"),
-                col("c8"),
-                col("c9"),
-                col("c12"))))
-        checkSparkAnswerAndOperator(df)
-      }
+      // Every column in the fuzz schema except c13 Binary, with no 
allowIncompatible opt-in:
+      // to_csv now routes through the codegen dispatcher by default, so 
Spark's own converter runs
+      // and all field types match by construction. This previously ran under
+      // allowIncompatible=true and had to skip c6 Double, c10 Timestamp and 
c11 TimestampNTZ,
+      // which are types the native path cannot match Spark on (the latter two 
are #3232).
+      //
+      // c13 Binary stays out, and not because of a divergence: Spark's CSV 
converter renders
+      // BinaryType with Java's default Object.toString(), so a row comes out 
as
+      // "...,[B@731af74". That is an identity hash of the byte array 
instance, which differs
+      // between any two evaluations, so the value can never be asserted 
against a second run --
+      // by Comet or by Spark against itself.
+      val df = spark.read
+        .parquet(filename)
+        .select(to_csv(struct((0 to 12).map(i => col(s"c$i")): _*)))
+      checkSparkAnswerAndOperator(df)
     }
   }
 


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