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new 69c5e3908ee [fix](pipeline) Fix COW violation in block column
operations when filtering and clearing (PART I) (#60936)
69c5e3908ee is described below
commit 69c5e3908ee8d031390e89152b8ff98195979518
Author: zclllyybb <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Mon Mar 2 17:15:04 2026 +0800
[fix](pipeline) Fix COW violation in block column operations when filtering
and clearing (PART I) (#60936)
When filtering or clearing block columns, the code incorrectly assumed
exclusive ownership and directly mutated shared columns via
`assume_mutable()`. This violates Copy-On-Write (COW) semantics and can
cause data corruption when columns are shared across multiple operators
(e.g., in CTE MultiCast scenarios).
---
.../exec/nested_loop_join_probe_operator.h | 11 +-
be/src/vec/core/block.cpp | 15 +-
be/src/vec/exprs/vexpr_context.cpp | 15 +-
.../nereids_p0/cte/test_cte_multicast_complex.out | 145 +++++++++++
.../cte/test_cte_multicast_complex.groovy | 284 +++++++++++++++++++++
5 files changed, 462 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
diff --git a/be/src/pipeline/exec/nested_loop_join_probe_operator.h
b/be/src/pipeline/exec/nested_loop_join_probe_operator.h
index 350b9d1835e..f67d65e236d 100644
--- a/be/src/pipeline/exec/nested_loop_join_probe_operator.h
+++ b/be/src/pipeline/exec/nested_loop_join_probe_operator.h
@@ -47,9 +47,14 @@ public:
NestedLoopJoinProbeLocalState(RuntimeState* state, OperatorXBase* parent);
~NestedLoopJoinProbeLocalState() override = default;
-#define CLEAR_BLOCK \
- for (size_t i = 0; i < column_to_keep; ++i) { \
- block->get_by_position(i).column->assume_mutable()->clear(); \
+#define CLEAR_BLOCK \
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < column_to_keep; ++i) { \
+ auto& column = block->get_by_position(i).column; \
+ if (column->is_exclusive()) { \
+ column->assume_mutable()->clear(); \
+ } else { \
+ column = column->clone_empty(); \
+ } \
}
Status init(RuntimeState* state, LocalStateInfo& info) override;
Status open(RuntimeState* state) override;
diff --git a/be/src/vec/core/block.cpp b/be/src/vec/core/block.cpp
index 85a374518a3..33abe303e42 100644
--- a/be/src/vec/core/block.cpp
+++ b/be/src/vec/core/block.cpp
@@ -750,10 +750,15 @@ void Block::filter_block_internal(Block* block, const
std::vector<uint32_t>& col
continue;
}
if (count == 0) {
- block->get_by_position(col).column->assume_mutable()->clear();
+ if (column->is_exclusive()) {
+ column->assume_mutable()->clear();
+ } else {
+ column = column->clone_empty();
+ }
continue;
}
if (column->is_exclusive()) {
+ // COW: safe to mutate in-place since we have exclusive ownership
const auto result_size = column->assume_mutable()->filter(filter);
if (result_size != count) [[unlikely]] {
throw Exception(ErrorCode::INTERNAL_ERROR,
@@ -762,6 +767,7 @@ void Block::filter_block_internal(Block* block, const
std::vector<uint32_t>& col
result_size, count);
}
} else {
+ // COW: must create a copy since column is shared
column = column->filter(filter, count);
}
}
@@ -829,7 +835,12 @@ Status Block::filter_block(Block* block, const
std::vector<uint32_t>& columns_to
bool ret = const_column->get_bool(0);
if (!ret) {
for (const auto& col : columns_to_filter) {
-
std::move(*block->get_by_position(col).column).assume_mutable()->clear();
+ auto& column = block->get_by_position(col).column;
+ if (column->is_exclusive()) {
+ column->assume_mutable()->clear();
+ } else {
+ column = column->clone_empty();
+ }
}
}
} else {
diff --git a/be/src/vec/exprs/vexpr_context.cpp
b/be/src/vec/exprs/vexpr_context.cpp
index 3a75032dbcf..4bb51e6887f 100644
--- a/be/src/vec/exprs/vexpr_context.cpp
+++ b/be/src/vec/exprs/vexpr_context.cpp
@@ -328,7 +328,12 @@ Status
VExprContext::execute_conjuncts_and_filter_block(const VExprContextSPtrs&
}
if (can_filter_all) {
for (auto& col : columns_to_filter) {
- block->get_by_position(col).column->assume_mutable()->clear();
+ auto& column = block->get_by_position(col).column;
+ if (column->is_exclusive()) {
+ column->assume_mutable()->clear();
+ } else {
+ column = column->clone_empty();
+ }
}
} else {
try {
@@ -366,8 +371,12 @@ Status
VExprContext::execute_conjuncts_and_filter_block(const VExprContextSPtrs&
}
if (can_filter_all) {
for (auto& col : columns_to_filter) {
- // NOLINTNEXTLINE(performance-move-const-arg)
-
std::move(*block->get_by_position(col).column).assume_mutable()->clear();
+ auto& column = block->get_by_position(col).column;
+ if (column->is_exclusive()) {
+ column->assume_mutable()->clear();
+ } else {
+ column = column->clone_empty();
+ }
}
} else {
RETURN_IF_CATCH_EXCEPTION(Block::filter_block_internal(block,
columns_to_filter, filter));
diff --git a/regression-test/data/nereids_p0/cte/test_cte_multicast_complex.out
b/regression-test/data/nereids_p0/cte/test_cte_multicast_complex.out
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c6374f0289f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/regression-test/data/nereids_p0/cte/test_cte_multicast_complex.out
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+-- This file is automatically generated. You should know what you did if you
want to edit this
+-- !cte_multi_filter --
+high_value 1 Electronics 1299.99
+high_value 10 Electronics 2499.99
+high_value 12 Furniture 1299.99
+high_value 2 Electronics 799.99
+high_value 6 Furniture 899.99
+low_value 11 Books 15.99
+low_value 3 Books 29.99
+low_value 4 Books 19.99
+low_value 8 Books 39.99
+medium_value 5 Furniture 499.99
+medium_value 7 Electronics 149.99
+medium_value 9 Furniture 199.99
+
+-- !cte_agg_boolean --
+has_valid Books 4 105.96
+has_valid Electronics 4 4749.96
+has_valid Furniture 4 2899.96
+high_count Books 4 105.96
+high_count Electronics 4 4749.96
+high_count Furniture 4 2899.96
+
+-- !cte_nested_multi_ref --
+above_avg 10 Electronics 2499.99 4749.96
+above_avg 12 Furniture 1299.99 2699.97
+above_avg 3 Books 29.99 85.97
+above_avg 8 Books 39.99 85.97
+below_avg 1 Electronics 1299.99 4749.96
+below_avg 11 Books 15.99 85.97
+below_avg 2 Electronics 799.99 4749.96
+below_avg 5 Furniture 499.99 2699.97
+below_avg 6 Furniture 899.99 2699.97
+below_avg 7 Electronics 149.99 4749.96
+
+-- !cte_window_multi_ref --
+above_avg 1 Electronics 1299.99 2 4749.96
+above_avg 10 Electronics 2499.99 1 4749.96
+above_avg 12 Furniture 1299.99 1 2699.97
+above_avg 3 Books 29.99 2 85.97
+above_avg 8 Books 39.99 1 85.97
+bottom 7 Electronics 149.99 4 4749.96
+top3 1 Electronics 1299.99 2 4749.96
+top3 10 Electronics 2499.99 1 4749.96
+top3 11 Books 15.99 3 85.97
+top3 12 Furniture 1299.99 1 2699.97
+top3 2 Electronics 799.99 3 4749.96
+top3 3 Books 29.99 2 85.97
+top3 5 Furniture 499.99 3 2699.97
+top3 6 Furniture 899.99 2 2699.97
+top3 8 Books 39.99 1 85.97
+
+-- !cte_case_boolean --
+budget_invalid 4 Books 19.99 budget
+high_valid 1 Electronics 1299.99 premium
+high_valid 10 Electronics 2499.99 premium
+high_valid 12 Furniture 1299.99 premium
+high_valid 2 Electronics 799.99 standard
+high_valid 6 Furniture 899.99 standard
+premium 1 Electronics 1299.99 premium
+premium 10 Electronics 2499.99 premium
+premium 12 Furniture 1299.99 premium
+
+-- !cte_self_join --
+category_match 11 Books 15.99 3 29.99
+category_match 11 Books 15.99 8 39.99
+category_match 3 Books 29.99 11 15.99
+category_match 3 Books 29.99 8 39.99
+category_match 8 Books 39.99 11 15.99
+category_match 8 Books 39.99 3 29.99
+self_compare 1 Electronics 1299.99 2 799.99
+self_compare 1 Electronics 1299.99 7 149.99
+self_compare 2 Electronics 799.99 7 149.99
+self_compare 3 Books 29.99 11 15.99
+self_compare 8 Books 39.99 11 15.99
+
+-- !cte_empty_branches --
+exists 1 Electronics 1299.99
+exists 10 Electronics 2499.99
+exists 2 Electronics 799.99
+exists 7 Electronics 149.99
+
+-- !cte_cross_reference --
+b_all 11 15.99 Books
+b_all 3 29.99 Books
+b_all 4 19.99 Books
+b_all 8 39.99 Books
+e_high 1 1299.99 Electronics
+e_high 10 2499.99 Electronics
+e_high 2 799.99 Electronics
+e_low 7 149.99 Electronics
+f_valid 12 1299.99 Furniture
+
+-- !cte_complex_filter_expr --
+safe_positive 5 Furniture 499.99 549.989
+safe_positive 7 Electronics 149.99 164.989
+safe_positive 9 Furniture 199.99 219.989
+short_cat 11 Books 15.99 17.589
+short_cat 3 Books 29.99 32.989
+short_cat 4 Books 19.99 21.989
+short_cat 8 Books 39.99 43.989
+tax_high 1 Electronics 1299.99 1429.989
+tax_high 10 Electronics 2499.99 2749.989
+tax_high 12 Furniture 1299.99 1429.989
+
+-- !cte_null_handling --
+has_high_category 1 Electronics 1299.99 1299.99
+has_high_category 10 Electronics 2499.99 2499.99
+has_high_category 12 Furniture 1299.99 1299.99
+has_high_category 2 Electronics 799.99 799.99
+has_high_category 6 Furniture 899.99 899.99
+has_valid_amount 1 Electronics 1299.99 1299.99
+has_valid_amount 10 Electronics 2499.99 2499.99
+has_valid_amount 11 Books 15.99 15.99
+has_valid_amount 12 Furniture 1299.99 1299.99
+has_valid_amount 2 Electronics 799.99 799.99
+has_valid_amount 3 Books 29.99 29.99
+has_valid_amount 5 Furniture 499.99 499.99
+has_valid_amount 6 Furniture 899.99 899.99
+has_valid_amount 7 Electronics 149.99 149.99
+has_valid_amount 8 Books 39.99 39.99
+null_valid_amount 4 Books 19.99 \N
+null_valid_amount 9 Furniture 199.99 \N
+
+-- !cte_many_consumers --
+branch1 2 2099.98
+branch2 3 549.97
+branch3 3 1089.97
+branch4 2 2699.98
+branch5 2 1315.98
+
+-- !cte_string_ops --
+concat_check 1 Electronics_1 1299.99
+concat_check 10 Electronics_10 2499.99
+concat_check 11 Books_11 15.99
+concat_check 12 Furniture_12 1299.99
+desc_long 1 Laptop computer 1299.99
+desc_long 3 Programming book 29.99
+desc_long 5 Office chair 499.99
+desc_long 8 Technical manual 39.99
+upper_e 1 ELECTRONICS 1299.99
+upper_e 10 ELECTRONICS 2499.99
+upper_e 2 ELECTRONICS 799.99
+upper_e 7 ELECTRONICS 149.99
+
diff --git
a/regression-test/suites/nereids_p0/cte/test_cte_multicast_complex.groovy
b/regression-test/suites/nereids_p0/cte/test_cte_multicast_complex.groovy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..304824e15f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/regression-test/suites/nereids_p0/cte/test_cte_multicast_complex.groovy
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+suite("test_cte_multicast_complex") {
+ // Force CTE materialization to trigger MultiCast
+ sql "SET inline_cte_referenced_threshold=0"
+
+ sql "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test_cte_multicast_tbl"
+ sql """
+ CREATE TABLE test_cte_multicast_tbl (
+ id INT,
+ category VARCHAR(50),
+ amount DECIMAL(10, 2),
+ create_date DATE,
+ is_valid BOOLEAN,
+ description VARCHAR(200)
+ ) ENGINE=OLAP
+ DUPLICATE KEY(id)
+ DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(id) BUCKETS 3
+ PROPERTIES (
+ "replication_num" = "1"
+ )
+ """
+
+ // Insert test data
+ sql """
+ INSERT INTO test_cte_multicast_tbl VALUES
+ (1, 'Electronics', 1299.99, '2024-01-15', true, 'Laptop computer'),
+ (2, 'Electronics', 799.99, '2024-01-16', true, 'Smartphone'),
+ (3, 'Books', 29.99, '2024-01-17', true, 'Programming book'),
+ (4, 'Books', 19.99, '2024-01-18', false, 'Novel'),
+ (5, 'Furniture', 499.99, '2024-02-01', true, 'Office chair'),
+ (6, 'Furniture', 899.99, '2024-02-02', true, 'Desk'),
+ (7, 'Electronics', 149.99, '2024-02-03', true, 'Headphones'),
+ (8, 'Books', 39.99, '2024-02-04', true, 'Technical manual'),
+ (9, 'Furniture', 199.99, '2024-02-05', false, 'Lamp'),
+ (10, 'Electronics', 2499.99, '2024-02-06', true, 'Gaming PC'),
+ (11, 'Books', 15.99, '2024-02-07', true, 'Magazine'),
+ (12, 'Furniture', 1299.99, '2024-02-08', true, 'Sofa')
+ """
+
+ // Test 1: Basic CTE with multiple references and different filters
+ // This triggers MultiCast with filter operations on shared columns
+ order_qt_cte_multi_filter """
+ WITH base_data AS (
+ SELECT id, category, amount, is_valid
+ FROM test_cte_multicast_tbl
+ WHERE amount > 0
+ )
+ SELECT 'high_value' as tier, id, category, amount FROM base_data WHERE
amount > 500
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'medium_value' as tier, id, category, amount FROM base_data
WHERE amount BETWEEN 100 AND 500
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'low_value' as tier, id, category, amount FROM base_data WHERE
amount < 100
+ """
+
+ // Test 2: CTE with aggregation and multiple consumers with boolean filters
+ // Tests COW with boolean column operations
+ order_qt_cte_agg_boolean """
+ WITH category_stats AS (
+ SELECT
+ category,
+ COUNT(*) as item_count,
+ SUM(amount) as total_amount,
+ AVG(amount) as avg_amount,
+ MAX(is_valid) as has_valid
+ FROM test_cte_multicast_tbl
+ GROUP BY category
+ )
+ SELECT 'high_count' as label, category, item_count, total_amount FROM
category_stats WHERE item_count > 3
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'low_count' as label, category, item_count, total_amount FROM
category_stats WHERE item_count <= 3
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'has_valid' as label, category, item_count, total_amount FROM
category_stats WHERE has_valid = true
+ """
+
+ // Test 3: Nested CTE with multiple levels of references
+ order_qt_cte_nested_multi_ref """
+ WITH level1 AS (
+ SELECT id, category, amount, is_valid FROM test_cte_multicast_tbl
WHERE is_valid = true
+ ),
+ level2 AS (
+ SELECT category, SUM(amount) as cat_total FROM level1 GROUP BY
category
+ ),
+ level3 AS (
+ SELECT l1.*, l2.cat_total
+ FROM level1 l1
+ JOIN level2 l2 ON l1.category = l2.category
+ )
+ SELECT 'above_avg' as comparison, id, category, amount, cat_total
+ FROM level3 WHERE amount > cat_total / 3
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'below_avg' as comparison, id, category, amount, cat_total
+ FROM level3 WHERE amount <= cat_total / 3
+ """
+
+ // Test 4: CTE with window functions and multiple consumers
+ // Window functions create complex column dependencies
+ order_qt_cte_window_multi_ref """
+ WITH ranked_items AS (
+ SELECT
+ id, category, amount,
+ ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY category ORDER BY amount DESC)
as rn,
+ SUM(amount) OVER (PARTITION BY category) as category_total,
+ amount > AVG(amount) OVER (PARTITION BY category) as above_avg
+ FROM test_cte_multicast_tbl
+ WHERE is_valid = true
+ )
+ SELECT 'top3' as selection, id, category, amount, rn, category_total
+ FROM ranked_items WHERE rn <= 3
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'above_avg' as selection, id, category, amount, rn,
category_total
+ FROM ranked_items WHERE above_avg = true
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'bottom' as selection, id, category, amount, rn, category_total
+ FROM ranked_items WHERE rn > 3 AND above_avg = false
+ """
+
+ // Test 5: CTE with CASE expressions and multiple boolean conditions
+ order_qt_cte_case_boolean """
+ WITH categorized AS (
+ SELECT
+ id, category, amount, is_valid,
+ CASE
+ WHEN amount > 1000 THEN 'premium'
+ WHEN amount > 100 THEN 'standard'
+ ELSE 'budget'
+ END as price_tier,
+ amount > 500 AND is_valid as high_value_valid
+ FROM test_cte_multicast_tbl
+ )
+ SELECT 'premium' as filter, id, category, amount, price_tier
+ FROM categorized WHERE price_tier = 'premium'
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'high_valid' as filter, id, category, amount, price_tier
+ FROM categorized WHERE high_value_valid = true
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'budget_invalid' as filter, id, category, amount, price_tier
+ FROM categorized WHERE price_tier = 'budget' AND is_valid = false
+ """
+
+ // Test 6: CTE with self-join creating multiple references
+ order_qt_cte_self_join """
+ WITH items AS (
+ SELECT id, category, amount FROM test_cte_multicast_tbl WHERE
is_valid = true
+ )
+ SELECT
+ 'self_compare' as op,
+ a.id as id1, a.category, a.amount as amount1,
+ b.id as id2, b.amount as amount2
+ FROM items a
+ JOIN items b ON a.category = b.category AND a.id < b.id
+ WHERE a.amount > b.amount
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT
+ 'category_match' as op,
+ a.id as id1, a.category, a.amount as amount1,
+ b.id as id2, b.amount as amount2
+ FROM items a
+ JOIN items b ON a.category = b.category AND a.id != b.id
+ WHERE ABS(a.amount - b.amount) < 200
+ LIMIT 20
+ """
+
+ // Test 7: CTE with empty result in some branches (tests count=0 filter
case)
+ order_qt_cte_empty_branches """
+ WITH base AS (
+ SELECT id, category, amount FROM test_cte_multicast_tbl
+ )
+ SELECT 'exists' as status, id, category, amount FROM base WHERE
category = 'Electronics'
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'not_exists' as status, id, category, amount FROM base WHERE
category = 'NonExistent'
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'filtered_out' as status, id, category, amount FROM base WHERE
amount > 10000
+ """
+
+ // Test 8: Multiple CTEs with cross-references
+ order_qt_cte_cross_reference """
+ WITH
+ electronics AS (
+ SELECT id, amount, 'Electronics' as cat FROM
test_cte_multicast_tbl WHERE category = 'Electronics'
+ ),
+ books AS (
+ SELECT id, amount, 'Books' as cat FROM test_cte_multicast_tbl
WHERE category = 'Books'
+ ),
+ furniture AS (
+ SELECT id, amount, 'Furniture' as cat FROM test_cte_multicast_tbl
WHERE category = 'Furniture'
+ )
+ SELECT 'e_high' as label, id, amount, cat FROM electronics WHERE
amount > 500
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'b_all' as label, id, amount, cat FROM books
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'f_valid' as label, f.id, f.amount, f.cat
+ FROM furniture f
+ WHERE f.amount > (SELECT AVG(amount) FROM electronics)
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'e_low' as label, id, amount, cat FROM electronics WHERE amount
<= 500
+ """
+
+ // Test 9: CTE with complex expressions in filter
+ order_qt_cte_complex_filter_expr """
+ WITH calculated AS (
+ SELECT
+ id, category, amount,
+ amount * 1.1 as with_tax,
+ COALESCE(NULLIF(amount, 0), 1) as safe_amount,
+ LENGTH(category) as cat_len
+ FROM test_cte_multicast_tbl
+ )
+ SELECT 'tax_high' as filter, id, category, amount, with_tax
+ FROM calculated WHERE with_tax > 1000 AND cat_len > 5
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'safe_positive' as filter, id, category, amount, with_tax
+ FROM calculated WHERE safe_amount > 100 AND safe_amount < 500
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'short_cat' as filter, id, category, amount, with_tax
+ FROM calculated WHERE cat_len <= 5
+ """
+
+ // Test 10: CTE with nullable columns and null handling
+ order_qt_cte_null_handling """
+ WITH nullable_data AS (
+ SELECT
+ id, category, amount,
+ CASE WHEN is_valid THEN amount ELSE NULL END as valid_amount,
+ CASE WHEN amount > 500 THEN category ELSE NULL END as
high_category
+ FROM test_cte_multicast_tbl
+ )
+ SELECT 'has_valid_amount' as check_type, id, category, amount,
valid_amount
+ FROM nullable_data WHERE valid_amount IS NOT NULL
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'null_valid_amount' as check_type, id, category, amount,
valid_amount
+ FROM nullable_data WHERE valid_amount IS NULL
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'has_high_category' as check_type, id, category, amount,
valid_amount
+ FROM nullable_data WHERE high_category IS NOT NULL
+ """
+
+ // Test 11: Stress test with many consumers (5 branches)
+ order_qt_cte_many_consumers """
+ WITH source AS (
+ SELECT id, category, amount, is_valid FROM test_cte_multicast_tbl
+ )
+ SELECT 'branch1' as b, COUNT(*) as cnt, SUM(amount) as total FROM
source WHERE id <= 2
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'branch2' as b, COUNT(*) as cnt, SUM(amount) as total FROM
source WHERE id BETWEEN 3 AND 5
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'branch3' as b, COUNT(*) as cnt, SUM(amount) as total FROM
source WHERE id BETWEEN 6 AND 8
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'branch4' as b, COUNT(*) as cnt, SUM(amount) as total FROM
source WHERE id BETWEEN 9 AND 10
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'branch5' as b, COUNT(*) as cnt, SUM(amount) as total FROM
source WHERE id > 10
+ """
+
+ // Test 12: CTE with string operations
+ order_qt_cte_string_ops """
+ WITH string_data AS (
+ SELECT
+ id, category, amount, description,
+ UPPER(category) as upper_cat,
+ CONCAT(category, '_', CAST(id AS VARCHAR)) as cat_id
+ FROM test_cte_multicast_tbl
+ )
+ SELECT 'upper_e' as op, id, upper_cat, amount FROM string_data WHERE
upper_cat LIKE 'E%'
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'concat_check' as op, id, cat_id, amount FROM string_data WHERE
cat_id LIKE '%_1%'
+ UNION ALL
+ SELECT 'desc_long' as op, id, description, amount FROM string_data
WHERE LENGTH(description) > 10
+ """
+}
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