github-actions[bot] commented on code in PR #67630:
URL: https://github.com/apache/doris/pull/67630#discussion_r3985759769


##########
fe/fe-common/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/common/Config.java:
##########
@@ -4226,4 +4226,44 @@ public void handle(Field field, String value) throws 
Exception {
                     + "可降低导入内存压力并提升随机分桶表的吞吐量,覆盖所有导入类型。"})
     public static boolean enable_adaptive_random_bucket_load = true;
 
+    @ConfField(mutable = true, masterOnly = true, varType = 
VariableAnnotation.EXPERIMENTAL, description = {

Review Comment:
   [P1] Keep this slice impossible to enable in production. The accepted v5.1 
contract (sections 9.1 and 9.7) says this is disabled FE mutation control and 
mutation cannot be enabled until hard worker isolation, finite possible-live 
limits, and the remaining evidence gates exist. `mutable=true` (and ordinary 
fe.conf loading) instead permits admission now; the warning confirms every 
resulting job/fence is durable but unresolvable because dispatch and 
FORCE_RELEASE are absent. Please use a test-only/internal seam for admission 
coverage and expose an enableable runtime setting only with the complete safety 
boundary.



##########
fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/datasource/CatalogMgr.java:
##########
@@ -87,6 +90,17 @@ public class CatalogMgr implements Writable, 
GsonPostProcessable {
     public static final String METADATA_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SEC = 
"metadata_refresh_interval_sec";
     public static final String CATALOG_TYPE_PROP = "type";
 
+    /**
+     * The Lance catalog properties whose change moves the persisted target 
identity
+     * (provider, stable locator, or namespace mapping) out from under 
unresolved index
+     * jobs. Credential and other properties are not target-changing and stay 
unguarded.
+     * Keys match case-insensitively because the catalog property chain 
performs no key
+     * normalization.
+     */
+    private static final Set<String> LANCE_TARGET_IDENTITY_KEYS = 
ImmutableSet.of(

Review Comment:
   [P1] Include storage-routing properties in the target identity guard. 
`s3.endpoint` (and the OSS equivalent) is not a credential: changing it can 
make the same `s3://bucket/path` resolve on a different MinIO/S3 service. Jobs 
persist the URI but not the endpoint, and later reads/workers rebuild options 
from the current catalog, while this five-key fingerprint also misses the 
change during in-flight admission. Please fingerprint/guard the normalized 
effective non-secret routing identity (including every accepted endpoint alias, 
provider selector, and region-derived endpoint), while leaving access 
keys/tokens rotatable.



##########
fe/fe-common/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/common/Config.java:
##########
@@ -4226,4 +4226,44 @@ public void handle(Field field, String value) throws 
Exception {
                     + "可降低导入内存压力并提升随机分桶表的吞吐量,覆盖所有导入类型。"})
     public static boolean enable_adaptive_random_bucket_load = true;
 
+    @ConfField(mutable = true, masterOnly = true, varType = 
VariableAnnotation.EXPERIMENTAL, description = {
+            "是否启用 Lance 外表索引变更(CREATE/CREATE OR REPLACE/DROP INDEX)的 
admission。默认关闭;"
+                    + "启用前需确认未决 job 配额均为正值。注意:在 dispatch(后续版本)与 
FORCE_RELEASE(后续版本)就绪前"
+                    + "开启本开关会产生不可回收的 PENDING job 并冻结对应 catalog 的身份属性变更与 DROP 
CATALOG。",
+            "Enable admission of Lance index mutations (CREATE/CREATE OR 
REPLACE/DROP INDEX). "
+                    + "Disabled by default; unresolved-job quotas must be 
positive before enabling. "
+                    + "WARNING: enabling before dispatch and FORCE_RELEASE 
land in a later release creates "
+                    + "PENDING jobs that cannot be resolved and freezes 
catalog identity changes and DROP CATALOG."})
+    public static boolean enable_lance_index_mutation = false;
+
+    @ConfField(mutable = true, masterOnly = true,
+            callback = 
LanceIndexConfigValidator.PositiveLongConfigHandler.class,
+            description = {"单个 Lance 数据表(locator 身份)允许的最大未决索引 job 数。",
+                    "Max unresolved Lance index jobs per table (locator 
identity)."})
+    public static long lance_index_job_max_unresolved_per_table = 8;
+
+    @ConfField(mutable = true, masterOnly = true,
+            callback = 
LanceIndexConfigValidator.PositiveLongConfigHandler.class,
+            description = {"单个 Lance catalog 允许的最大未决索引 job 数。",
+                    "Max unresolved Lance index jobs per catalog."})
+    public static long lance_index_job_max_unresolved_per_catalog = 64;
+
+    @ConfField(mutable = true, masterOnly = true,
+            callback = 
LanceIndexConfigValidator.PositiveLongConfigHandler.class,
+            description = {"全部 catalog 合计允许的最大未决 Lance 索引 job 数。",
+                    "Max unresolved Lance index jobs across all catalogs 
(global)."})
+    public static long lance_index_job_max_unresolved_global = 256;
+
+    @ConfField(mutable = true, masterOnly = false,

Review Comment:
   [P2] These admission limits should route to the admission owner. Lance 
mutation validation runs only after `AlterTableCommand` is forwarded to the 
master, but `masterOnly=false` lets `ADMIN SET FRONTEND CONFIG` on a follower 
succeed locally without changing what the master enforces. Mark both ANN bounds 
master-only (while retaining the explicit all-FE form when desired), or 
otherwise make the update cluster-wide, and test follower routing instead of 
locking in the false annotation.



##########
fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/datasource/lance/LanceIndexAdmission.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+package org.apache.doris.datasource.lance;
+
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.Column;
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.Env;
+import org.apache.doris.common.AnalysisException;
+import org.apache.doris.common.Config;
+import org.apache.doris.common.ErrorCode;
+import org.apache.doris.common.ErrorReport;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.CatalogMgr;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexDatasetLocator;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexFenceKey;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexJob;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexJobMutationType;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexNameNormalizer;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexSchemaContract;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.plans.commands.info.IndexDefinition;
+import org.apache.doris.persist.gson.GsonUtils;
+import org.apache.doris.qe.ConnectContext;
+
+import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
+import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
+import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+
+/**
+ * Lance index admission (design sections 2.2 and 4.1): the single place where 
a statically
+ * validated top-level CREATE [OR REPLACE]/DROP INDEX statement against a 
Lance catalog table is
+ * turned into a durable job. The whole flow runs against one pinned admission 
snapshot — the
+ * IF preflight never takes a second metadata read, and no catalog/db/table 
metadata lock is held
+ * while the snapshot loader does its JNI work (design section 5.1).
+ *
+ * <p>The step order is the correctness contract: name normalization and 
reserved prefix come
+ * first, before target capture and the snapshot read (fail cheap-first — a 
reserved name
+ * rejected at admission depth costs no remote read), then case-only collision 
analysis, IF
+ * preflight (including the two-stage {@code matches}: requested-algorithm 
equality plus
+ * physical-family corroboration), schema contract from the stored column 
name, locator
+ * normalization, deterministic properties JSON, positive-quota assertion, and 
only then exactly
+ * one id allocation and the durable {@code createJob} transfer.
+ * Every rejection before {@code createJob} leaves no job, no fence, no quota 
charge, no journal
+ * record, and no id allocation; the manager's own fence/quota rejections pass 
through verbatim
+ * (an id burned by them is accepted — ids are never required to be 
contiguous).
+ */
+public final class LanceIndexAdmission {
+
+    /**
+     * The snapshot read seam. Tests inject a prepared snapshot here so 
admission runs without
+     * FE startup or JNI; the production default delegates to the catalog's 
merged-snapshot read.
+     */
+    public interface SnapshotLoader {
+        LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot load(LanceExternalCatalog catalog, String 
dbName, String tableName)
+                throws Exception;
+    }
+
+    /** The admission result: the durable job id, or null for an IF no-op (no 
job created). */
+    public static final class Outcome {
+        private final Long jobId;
+
+        private Outcome(Long jobId) {
+            this.jobId = jobId;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * The admitted job id, or null when the IF preflight made the 
statement an immediate
+         * no-op (design section 2.2: "returns an immediate no-op, without 
creating a job").
+         */
+        @Nullable
+        public Long getJobId() {
+            return jobId;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final SnapshotLoader DEFAULT_LOADER = new SnapshotLoader() {
+        @Override
+        public LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot load(LanceExternalCatalog catalog, 
String dbName,
+                String tableName) throws Exception {
+            return catalog.loadTableIndexAdmissionSnapshot(dbName, tableName);
+        }
+    };
+
+    private LanceIndexAdmission() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Admits a top-level CREATE [OR REPLACE] INDEX. Static validation
+     * ({@link LanceIndexMutationValidator#validateCreateIndex}) must already 
have passed for
+     * {@code def}.
+     */
+    public static Outcome admitCreate(LanceExternalCatalog catalog, 
LanceExternalDatabase db,
+            LanceExternalTable table, IndexDefinition def, boolean 
ifNotExists) throws Exception {
+        return admitCreate(DEFAULT_LOADER, catalog, db, table, def, 
ifNotExists);
+    }
+
+    static Outcome admitCreate(SnapshotLoader loader, LanceExternalCatalog 
catalog,
+            LanceExternalDatabase db, LanceExternalTable table, 
IndexDefinition def, boolean ifNotExists)
+            throws Exception {
+        // 1. Display/normalized names and the reserved system prefix, checked 
before any metadata
+        // read so a reserved name rejected at admission depth costs no remote 
snapshot read (fail
+        // cheap-first). The prefix is rejected for CREATE and REPLACE exactly 
as for DROP; the
+        // static layer rejects it first and this is the defense-in-depth copy 
at admission depth.
+        String displayName = def.getIndexName();
+        String normalizedName = 
LanceIndexNameNormalizer.normalize(displayName);
+        LanceIndexMutationValidator.rejectIfReservedIndexName(displayName);
+        // 2. One pinned snapshot for every authoritative decision below.
+        CatalogMgr catalogMgr = Env.getCurrentEnv().getCatalogMgr();
+        CatalogMgr.LanceIndexTarget target = 
catalogMgr.captureLanceIndexTarget(catalog);
+        LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot snapshot = loader.load(catalog, 
db.getRemoteName(), table.getRemoteName());

Review Comment:
   [P1] Reject ambiguous top-level field identities in this pinned snapshot 
before the IF preflight or contract selection. Lance accepts distinct `A` and 
`a`, but `ExternalTable.getColumn()` returns the first `equalsIgnoreCase` 
match; static validation and `storedColumnName()` can therefore select and 
journal the wrong field ID/type, while CREATE IF may falsely match before the 
builder runs. Detect collisions under the actual Doris lookup relation as well 
as the persisted normalization (ROOT-lowercasing alone misses some Unicode 
`equalsIgnoreCase` pairs), fail closed, and cover ASCII and quoted-Unicode 
cases.



##########
fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/datasource/lance/LanceSchemaContractBuilder.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+package org.apache.doris.datasource.lance;
+
+import org.apache.doris.common.AnalysisException;
+import org.apache.doris.common.ErrorCode;
+import org.apache.doris.common.ErrorReport;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexSchemaContract;
+
+import org.apache.arrow.vector.types.DateUnit;
+import org.apache.arrow.vector.types.FloatingPointPrecision;
+import org.apache.arrow.vector.types.TimeUnit;
+import org.apache.arrow.vector.types.pojo.ArrowType;
+import org.lance.schema.LanceField;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+/**
+ * Builds schema contract v1 for one indexed column from the fresh LanceField 
tree of the
+ * pinned admission snapshot. {@link LanceTypeConverter} is deliberately 
bypassed because it
+ * erases fixed-size-list dimensions, float16-vs-float32, and timestamp 
timezones.
+ *
+ * <p>The input is the stored column name (byte-identical to the LanceField 
name), never the
+ * raw user input: callers resolve it via the table's column lookup first. 
Matching is exact
+ * and top-level only; a missing field fails closed. The builder makes no 
supportability
+ * judgment — every ArrowType yields a deterministic canonical string, so the 
only failure is
+ * the indexed field not being found. The canonical vocabulary defined here is 
the Java-side
+ * authority the Rust worker's golden fixtures align to (design section 4.2).
+ */
+final class LanceSchemaContractBuilder {
+    /** Timezones that fit the canonical {@code tz="…"} slot without any 
escaping (IANA names). */
+    private static final Pattern SAFE_TIMEZONE = 
Pattern.compile("[A-Za-z0-9+_/-]+");
+
+    private LanceSchemaContractBuilder() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builds the single-field contract for {@code storedColumnName}. Only 
top-level fields are
+     * considered; nested subfields never enter the contract.
+     */
+    static LanceIndexSchemaContract build(List<LanceField> topLevelFields, 
String storedColumnName)
+            throws AnalysisException {
+        if (topLevelFields == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Lance top-level schema fields 
must not be null");
+        }
+        if (storedColumnName == null || storedColumnName.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("stored column name must not be 
null or empty");
+        }
+        for (LanceField field : topLevelFields) {
+            if (field == null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Lance top-level schema 
field must not be null");
+            }
+            if (storedColumnName.equals(field.getName())) {
+                return new LanceIndexSchemaContract(
+                        Collections.singletonList(indexedField(field)));
+            }
+        }
+        ErrorReport.reportAnalysisException(ErrorCode.ERR_LANCE_INDEX_INVALID,
+                "unsupported schema contract: indexed field not found");
+        throw new IllegalStateException("unreachable");
+    }
+
+    private static LanceIndexSchemaContract.IndexedField 
indexedField(LanceField field) {
+        ArrowType type = field.getType();
+        if (type == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Lance field type must not be 
null");
+        }
+        Integer fixedSizeListDimension = null;
+        String vectorElementType = null;
+        Boolean vectorElementNullable = null;
+        if (type instanceof ArrowType.FixedSizeList) {
+            fixedSizeListDimension = ((ArrowType.FixedSizeList) 
type).getListSize();
+            List<LanceField> children = field.getChildren();
+            if (children == null || children.size() != 1 || children.get(0) == 
null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Lance fixed-size list field must have exactly one 
child");
+            }
+            LanceField element = children.get(0);
+            vectorElementType = canonicalType(element.getType());
+            vectorElementNullable = element.isNullable();
+        }
+        return new LanceIndexSchemaContract.IndexedField(

Review Comment:
   [P2] Validate provider-supplied numeric schema facts before journaling this 
contract. The pinned manifest-read path reconstructs protobuf fields without 
calling `Schema.validate()`, so a corrupt or historical manifest can reach Java 
with `field.getId() < 0` or a fixed-list size `<= 0`; neither this builder nor 
`IndexedField.validateForAdmission()` rejects them. Reject negative IDs (zero 
is valid) and non-positive dimensions here, map the failure to the bounded 
Lance admission error, and add manifest-shaped cases.



##########
fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/datasource/lance/LanceIndexMetadataLoader.java:
##########
@@ -151,6 +152,86 @@ static List<LancePhysicalIndexEntry> 
collectPhysicalEntries(Dataset dataset) {
         return Collections.unmodifiableList(entries);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Loads one pinned latest-snapshot view of everything index admission 
needs: the dataset
+     * version, the top-level schema fields, the logical indexes, and the 
physical entries with
+     * their index types — all from a single {@code Dataset.open} so the 
pieces cannot drift
+     * across snapshots (design section 3.1). Never calls {@code countRows()} 
or
+     * {@code getIndexStatistics()}.
+     */
+    public static LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot loadAdmissionSnapshot(String 
datasetUri,
+            Map<String, String> javaStorageOptions, BufferAllocator allocator) 
throws Exception {
+        try (Dataset dataset = openLatestDataset(datasetUri, 
javaStorageOptions, allocator)) {
+            long datasetVersion = dataset.version();
+            List<LanceField> topLevelFields = 
dataset.getLanceSchema().fields();
+            List<LanceLogicalIndex> logicalIndexes =
+                    normalize(describeUserIndexes(dataset), 
buildFieldNamesById(topLevelFields));
+            List<LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot.PhysicalIndexInfo> 
physicalIndexes =
+                    collectPhysicalIndexInfos(dataset);
+            // LanceField is a pure POJO, so the materialized field list can 
leave the open block
+            // with the snapshot; nothing here retains the Dataset or its 
allocator.
+            return new LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot(
+                    datasetVersion, datasetUri, logicalIndexes, 
physicalIndexes, topLevelFields);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Dataset openLatestDataset(String datasetUri,
+            Map<String, String> javaStorageOptions, BufferAllocator allocator) 
{
+        return Dataset.open().allocator(allocator).uri(datasetUri)
+                .readOptions(LanceReadOptions.build(javaStorageOptions, 
OptionalLong.empty())).build();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Collects the physical entries of the opened snapshot, applying the same 
defenses as the
+     * logical path: the raw list is bounded before per-entry validation, 
system entries are
+     * validated then filtered out, and duplicate UUID ownership fails closed.
+     */
+    static List<LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot.PhysicalIndexInfo> 
collectPhysicalIndexInfos(
+            Dataset dataset) {
+        List<Index> indexes = dataset.getIndexes();
+        if (indexes == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Lance physical index entries 
must not be null");
+        }
+        if (indexes.size() > MAX_PHYSICAL_INDEX_ENTRIES) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Lance physical index entry count exceeds limit "
+                            + MAX_PHYSICAL_INDEX_ENTRIES);
+        }
+
+        List<LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot.PhysicalIndexInfo> entries = new 
ArrayList<>(indexes.size());
+        Set<String> uuids = new HashSet<>();
+        for (Index index : indexes) {
+            if (index == null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Lance physical index entry 
must not be null");
+            }
+            String name = requireExternalString(index.name(), "Lance physical 
index name");
+            if (index.uuid() == null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Lance physical index uuid 
must not be null");
+            }
+            String uuid = index.uuid().toString();
+            long indexDatasetVersion = index.datasetVersion();
+            if (indexDatasetVersion <= 0) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Lance physical index dataset version must be 
positive");
+            }
+            IndexType indexType = index.indexType();
+            if (indexType == null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Lance physical index type 
must not be null");
+            }
+            if (SYSTEM_INDEX_NAMES.contains(name)) {

Review Comment:
   [P2] Record the UUID before filtering system entries. As written, 
`__lance_frag_reuse` or `__lance_mem_wal` can share a UUID with a later user 
entry because the system entry reaches `continue` before `uuids.add(uuid)`. 
That contradicts this method's fail-closed ownership contract and the existing 
`collectPhysicalEntries` path, which checks UUID uniqueness before filtering. 
Please move the duplicate check above this branch and cover a system/user 
collision.



##########
fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/datasource/lance/LanceIndexAdmission.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+package org.apache.doris.datasource.lance;
+
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.Column;
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.Env;
+import org.apache.doris.common.AnalysisException;
+import org.apache.doris.common.Config;
+import org.apache.doris.common.ErrorCode;
+import org.apache.doris.common.ErrorReport;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.CatalogMgr;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexDatasetLocator;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexFenceKey;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexJob;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexJobMutationType;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexNameNormalizer;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexSchemaContract;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.plans.commands.info.IndexDefinition;
+import org.apache.doris.persist.gson.GsonUtils;
+import org.apache.doris.qe.ConnectContext;
+
+import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
+import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
+import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+
+/**
+ * Lance index admission (design sections 2.2 and 4.1): the single place where 
a statically
+ * validated top-level CREATE [OR REPLACE]/DROP INDEX statement against a 
Lance catalog table is
+ * turned into a durable job. The whole flow runs against one pinned admission 
snapshot — the
+ * IF preflight never takes a second metadata read, and no catalog/db/table 
metadata lock is held
+ * while the snapshot loader does its JNI work (design section 5.1).
+ *
+ * <p>The step order is the correctness contract: name normalization and 
reserved prefix come
+ * first, before target capture and the snapshot read (fail cheap-first — a 
reserved name
+ * rejected at admission depth costs no remote read), then case-only collision 
analysis, IF
+ * preflight (including the two-stage {@code matches}: requested-algorithm 
equality plus
+ * physical-family corroboration), schema contract from the stored column 
name, locator
+ * normalization, deterministic properties JSON, positive-quota assertion, and 
only then exactly
+ * one id allocation and the durable {@code createJob} transfer.
+ * Every rejection before {@code createJob} leaves no job, no fence, no quota 
charge, no journal
+ * record, and no id allocation; the manager's own fence/quota rejections pass 
through verbatim
+ * (an id burned by them is accepted — ids are never required to be 
contiguous).
+ */
+public final class LanceIndexAdmission {
+
+    /**
+     * The snapshot read seam. Tests inject a prepared snapshot here so 
admission runs without
+     * FE startup or JNI; the production default delegates to the catalog's 
merged-snapshot read.
+     */
+    public interface SnapshotLoader {
+        LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot load(LanceExternalCatalog catalog, String 
dbName, String tableName)
+                throws Exception;
+    }
+
+    /** The admission result: the durable job id, or null for an IF no-op (no 
job created). */
+    public static final class Outcome {
+        private final Long jobId;
+
+        private Outcome(Long jobId) {
+            this.jobId = jobId;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * The admitted job id, or null when the IF preflight made the 
statement an immediate
+         * no-op (design section 2.2: "returns an immediate no-op, without 
creating a job").
+         */
+        @Nullable
+        public Long getJobId() {
+            return jobId;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final SnapshotLoader DEFAULT_LOADER = new SnapshotLoader() {
+        @Override
+        public LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot load(LanceExternalCatalog catalog, 
String dbName,
+                String tableName) throws Exception {
+            return catalog.loadTableIndexAdmissionSnapshot(dbName, tableName);
+        }
+    };
+
+    private LanceIndexAdmission() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Admits a top-level CREATE [OR REPLACE] INDEX. Static validation
+     * ({@link LanceIndexMutationValidator#validateCreateIndex}) must already 
have passed for
+     * {@code def}.
+     */
+    public static Outcome admitCreate(LanceExternalCatalog catalog, 
LanceExternalDatabase db,
+            LanceExternalTable table, IndexDefinition def, boolean 
ifNotExists) throws Exception {
+        return admitCreate(DEFAULT_LOADER, catalog, db, table, def, 
ifNotExists);
+    }
+
+    static Outcome admitCreate(SnapshotLoader loader, LanceExternalCatalog 
catalog,
+            LanceExternalDatabase db, LanceExternalTable table, 
IndexDefinition def, boolean ifNotExists)
+            throws Exception {
+        // 1. Display/normalized names and the reserved system prefix, checked 
before any metadata
+        // read so a reserved name rejected at admission depth costs no remote 
snapshot read (fail
+        // cheap-first). The prefix is rejected for CREATE and REPLACE exactly 
as for DROP; the
+        // static layer rejects it first and this is the defense-in-depth copy 
at admission depth.
+        String displayName = def.getIndexName();
+        String normalizedName = 
LanceIndexNameNormalizer.normalize(displayName);
+        LanceIndexMutationValidator.rejectIfReservedIndexName(displayName);
+        // 2. One pinned snapshot for every authoritative decision below.
+        CatalogMgr catalogMgr = Env.getCurrentEnv().getCatalogMgr();
+        CatalogMgr.LanceIndexTarget target = 
catalogMgr.captureLanceIndexTarget(catalog);
+        LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot snapshot = loader.load(catalog, 
db.getRemoteName(), table.getRemoteName());
+        // 3. Case-only analysis (design section 4.1): ambiguous external 
collisions fail closed;
+        // a unique match resolves to the stored display name.
+        List<String> storedNames = logicalIndexNames(snapshot);
+        if (LanceIndexFamilies.isAmbiguousCaseCollision(storedNames, 
normalizedName)) {
+            rejectInvalid("index name '" + displayName
+                    + "' is ambiguous: multiple Lance indexes differ only by 
case");
+        }
+        String storedName = LanceIndexFamilies.uniqueMatch(storedNames, 
normalizedName);
+        // 4. IF preflight (design section 2.2).
+        boolean orReplace = def.isOrReplace();
+        if (!orReplace && storedName != null) {
+            if (!ifNotExists) {
+                rejectInvalid("index '" + displayName + "' already exists");
+            }
+            if (!matchesExistingDefinition(snapshot, storedName, def)) {
+                rejectInvalid("index '" + displayName + "' already exists with 
a different definition");
+            }
+            return catalogMgr.withLanceIndexAdmission(catalog, target, () -> 
new Outcome(null));
+        }
+        // 5. Schema contract v1 from the stored column name (never the raw 
user spelling).
+        String storedColumnName = storedColumnName(table, 
def.getCols().get(0));
+        LanceIndexSchemaContract contract =
+                LanceSchemaContractBuilder.build(snapshot.getTopLevelFields(), 
storedColumnName);
+        // 6. The fence locator is the normalized dataset uri of the same 
pinned snapshot.
+        String locator = normalizeLocator(snapshot);
+        // 7. Deterministic normalized properties JSON for ANN; scalar 
families persist null.
+        boolean ann = def.getLanceIndexType() == null;
+        String indexType = ann ? annIndexType(def) : def.getLanceIndexType();
+        String propertiesJson = ann ? buildAnnPropertiesJson(def) : null;
+        // D7 backstop: quota values from fe.conf bypass the ADMIN SET 
callback, so admission
+        // re-asserts positivity before any id allocation or durable transfer.
+        assertPositiveQuotas();
+        return catalogMgr.withLanceIndexAdmission(catalog, target, () -> {
+            // 8. Exactly one id allocation, after every preflight above has 
passed.
+            long jobId = Env.getCurrentEnv().getNextId();
+            String creator = ConnectContext.get().getQualifiedUser();
+            // 9. REPLACE on an existing name persists the stored display name 
(section 4.1) so the
+            // worker locates the case-sensitive target; a fresh REPLACE keeps 
the user's spelling.
+            String persistedDisplayName = (orReplace && storedName != null) ? 
storedName : displayName;
+            LanceIndexJob job;
+            try {
+                job = new LanceIndexJob(jobId, creator, catalog.getId(), 
db.getFullName(), table.getName(),
+                        LanceIndexFenceKey.PROVIDER_DIRECTORY, locator, 
persistedDisplayName, normalizedName,
+                        orReplace ? LanceIndexJobMutationType.REPLACE : 
LanceIndexJobMutationType.CREATE,
+                        ifNotExists, false, indexType, storedColumnName, 
propertiesJson,
+                        snapshot.getDatasetVersion(), contract);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                throw invalidAdmission(e.getMessage());
+            }
+            Env.getCurrentEnv().getLanceIndexJobManager().createJob(job,
+                    Config.lance_index_job_max_unresolved_per_table,
+                    Config.lance_index_job_max_unresolved_per_catalog,
+                    Config.lance_index_job_max_unresolved_global);
+            // 10. The job and its fence are durable once createJob returns.
+            return new Outcome(jobId);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Admits a top-level DROP INDEX. The static name bounds
+     * ({@link LanceIndexMutationValidator#validateDropIndex}) must already 
have passed.
+     */
+    public static Outcome admitDrop(LanceExternalCatalog catalog, 
LanceExternalDatabase db,
+            LanceExternalTable table, String indexName, boolean ifExists) 
throws Exception {
+        return admitDrop(DEFAULT_LOADER, catalog, db, table, indexName, 
ifExists);
+    }
+
+    static Outcome admitDrop(SnapshotLoader loader, LanceExternalCatalog 
catalog,
+            LanceExternalDatabase db, LanceExternalTable table, String 
indexName, boolean ifExists)
+            throws Exception {
+        // Fail cheap-first: the reserved prefix is rejected before target 
capture and the
+        // snapshot read, so it costs no remote read.
+        String normalizedName = LanceIndexNameNormalizer.normalize(indexName);
+        LanceIndexMutationValidator.rejectIfReservedIndexName(indexName);
+        CatalogMgr catalogMgr = Env.getCurrentEnv().getCatalogMgr();
+        CatalogMgr.LanceIndexTarget target = 
catalogMgr.captureLanceIndexTarget(catalog);
+        LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot snapshot = loader.load(catalog, 
db.getRemoteName(), table.getRemoteName());
+        List<String> storedNames = logicalIndexNames(snapshot);
+        if (LanceIndexFamilies.isAmbiguousCaseCollision(storedNames, 
normalizedName)) {
+            rejectInvalid("index name '" + indexName
+                    + "' is ambiguous: multiple Lance indexes differ only by 
case");
+        }
+        String storedName = LanceIndexFamilies.uniqueMatch(storedNames, 
normalizedName);
+        if (storedName == null) {
+            if (ifExists) {
+                return catalogMgr.withLanceIndexAdmission(catalog, target, () 
-> new Outcome(null));
+            }
+            rejectInvalid("index '" + indexName + "' not found");
+        }
+        String locator = normalizeLocator(snapshot);
+        assertPositiveQuotas();
+        return catalogMgr.withLanceIndexAdmission(catalog, target, () -> {
+            long jobId = Env.getCurrentEnv().getNextId();
+            String creator = ConnectContext.get().getQualifiedUser();
+            // DROP only runs past the preflight with a unique match, so the 
stored display name is
+            // always persisted (section 4.1); definition fields stay null on 
a DROP job record.
+            LanceIndexJob job;
+            try {
+                job = new LanceIndexJob(jobId, creator, catalog.getId(), 
db.getFullName(), table.getName(),
+                        LanceIndexFenceKey.PROVIDER_DIRECTORY, locator, 
storedName, normalizedName,
+                        LanceIndexJobMutationType.DROP, false, ifExists, null, 
null, null,
+                        snapshot.getDatasetVersion(), null);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                throw invalidAdmission(e.getMessage());
+            }
+            Env.getCurrentEnv().getLanceIndexJobManager().createJob(job,
+                    Config.lance_index_job_max_unresolved_per_table,
+                    Config.lance_index_job_max_unresolved_per_catalog,
+                    Config.lance_index_job_max_unresolved_global);
+            return new Outcome(jobId);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The section 2.2 definition match, two stages: (a) the requested 
algorithm must equal the
+     * stored logical algorithm under family normalization — a same-name 
different-algorithm
+     * request is a mismatch, never a no-op; (b) the physical entry of the 
same name must exist
+     * and back the logical algorithm (snapshot self-consistency, failing 
closed); (c) the single
+     * normalized column must be equal; (d) whitelist properties are compared 
per property — a
+     * value the request sets and the snapshot exposes must be equal, an 
unexposed snapshot value
+     * is skipped, and a property the request omits is never compared.
+     */
+    private static boolean 
matchesExistingDefinition(LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot snapshot,
+            String storedName, IndexDefinition def) {
+        LanceLogicalIndex logical = null;
+        for (LanceLogicalIndex index : snapshot.getLogicalIndexes()) {
+            if (index.getName().equals(storedName)) {
+                logical = index;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (logical == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        String requestAlgorithm = requestedAlgorithm(def);
+        if (requestAlgorithm == null || 
!LanceIndexFamilies.normalize(logical.getIndexType())
+                .equals(LanceIndexFamilies.normalize(requestAlgorithm))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot.PhysicalIndexInfo physical = null;
+        for (LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot.PhysicalIndexInfo entry : 
snapshot.getPhysicalIndexes()) {
+            if (entry.getName().equals(storedName)) {
+                physical = entry;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (physical == null
+                || !LanceIndexFamilies.isCompatible(logical.getIndexType(), 
physical.getIndexTypeName())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (logical.getColumns().size() != 1) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        String requestColumn = 
LanceIndexNameNormalizer.normalize(def.getCols().get(0));

Review Comment:
   [P2] Compare the same field-name representation on both sides. Logical 
metadata escapes even a top-level name as a path segment (for example, a field 
named `a.b` becomes a backtick-quoted path), while the parser strips identifier 
quoting before putting raw `a.b` in `def.getCols()`. Thus a valid CREATE INDEX 
IF NOT EXISTS is rejected as a different definition although table lookup and 
schema-contract construction resolve the same field. Compare field identity/raw 
stored names, or canonicalize the request with the same path formatter, and 
test dots, spaces, and embedded backticks.



##########
fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/datasource/lance/LanceSchemaContractBuilder.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+package org.apache.doris.datasource.lance;
+
+import org.apache.doris.common.AnalysisException;
+import org.apache.doris.common.ErrorCode;
+import org.apache.doris.common.ErrorReport;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexSchemaContract;
+
+import org.apache.arrow.vector.types.DateUnit;
+import org.apache.arrow.vector.types.FloatingPointPrecision;
+import org.apache.arrow.vector.types.TimeUnit;
+import org.apache.arrow.vector.types.pojo.ArrowType;
+import org.lance.schema.LanceField;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+/**
+ * Builds schema contract v1 for one indexed column from the fresh LanceField 
tree of the
+ * pinned admission snapshot. {@link LanceTypeConverter} is deliberately 
bypassed because it
+ * erases fixed-size-list dimensions, float16-vs-float32, and timestamp 
timezones.
+ *
+ * <p>The input is the stored column name (byte-identical to the LanceField 
name), never the
+ * raw user input: callers resolve it via the table's column lookup first. 
Matching is exact
+ * and top-level only; a missing field fails closed. The builder makes no 
supportability
+ * judgment — every ArrowType yields a deterministic canonical string, so the 
only failure is
+ * the indexed field not being found. The canonical vocabulary defined here is 
the Java-side
+ * authority the Rust worker's golden fixtures align to (design section 4.2).
+ */
+final class LanceSchemaContractBuilder {
+    /** Timezones that fit the canonical {@code tz="…"} slot without any 
escaping (IANA names). */
+    private static final Pattern SAFE_TIMEZONE = 
Pattern.compile("[A-Za-z0-9+_/-]+");
+
+    private LanceSchemaContractBuilder() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builds the single-field contract for {@code storedColumnName}. Only 
top-level fields are
+     * considered; nested subfields never enter the contract.
+     */
+    static LanceIndexSchemaContract build(List<LanceField> topLevelFields, 
String storedColumnName)
+            throws AnalysisException {
+        if (topLevelFields == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Lance top-level schema fields 
must not be null");
+        }
+        if (storedColumnName == null || storedColumnName.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("stored column name must not be 
null or empty");
+        }
+        for (LanceField field : topLevelFields) {
+            if (field == null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Lance top-level schema 
field must not be null");
+            }
+            if (storedColumnName.equals(field.getName())) {
+                return new LanceIndexSchemaContract(
+                        Collections.singletonList(indexedField(field)));
+            }
+        }
+        ErrorReport.reportAnalysisException(ErrorCode.ERR_LANCE_INDEX_INVALID,
+                "unsupported schema contract: indexed field not found");
+        throw new IllegalStateException("unreachable");
+    }
+
+    private static LanceIndexSchemaContract.IndexedField 
indexedField(LanceField field) {
+        ArrowType type = field.getType();
+        if (type == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Lance field type must not be 
null");
+        }
+        Integer fixedSizeListDimension = null;
+        String vectorElementType = null;
+        Boolean vectorElementNullable = null;
+        if (type instanceof ArrowType.FixedSizeList) {
+            fixedSizeListDimension = ((ArrowType.FixedSizeList) 
type).getListSize();
+            List<LanceField> children = field.getChildren();

Review Comment:
   [P1] Resolve the primitive fixed-list contract against the pinned SDK. In 
Lance 9.1.0-beta.3, `Field::try_from` leaves `children` empty for primitive 
`FixedSizeList<Float16/Float32>`; JNI copies that empty list, so every such 
column throws here while the unit test supplies an impossible mocked child. The 
manifest logical type keeps element type/dimension but drops original item 
nullability, and reconstructed Arrow views synthesize it as nullable; the 
regression fixture also leaves that nested default. Thus the current pin cannot 
supply the declared non-null-element contract as modeled. Please define a 
contract the pinned reconstructed schema can actually provide (or use an 
API/version that preserves the fact), then cover it with a real Dataset schema 
fixture.



##########
fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/datasource/lance/LanceIndexAdmission.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+package org.apache.doris.datasource.lance;
+
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.Column;
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.Env;
+import org.apache.doris.common.AnalysisException;
+import org.apache.doris.common.Config;
+import org.apache.doris.common.ErrorCode;
+import org.apache.doris.common.ErrorReport;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.CatalogMgr;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexDatasetLocator;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexFenceKey;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexJob;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexJobMutationType;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexNameNormalizer;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexSchemaContract;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.plans.commands.info.IndexDefinition;
+import org.apache.doris.persist.gson.GsonUtils;
+import org.apache.doris.qe.ConnectContext;
+
+import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
+import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
+import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+
+/**
+ * Lance index admission (design sections 2.2 and 4.1): the single place where 
a statically
+ * validated top-level CREATE [OR REPLACE]/DROP INDEX statement against a 
Lance catalog table is
+ * turned into a durable job. The whole flow runs against one pinned admission 
snapshot — the
+ * IF preflight never takes a second metadata read, and no catalog/db/table 
metadata lock is held
+ * while the snapshot loader does its JNI work (design section 5.1).
+ *
+ * <p>The step order is the correctness contract: name normalization and 
reserved prefix come
+ * first, before target capture and the snapshot read (fail cheap-first — a 
reserved name
+ * rejected at admission depth costs no remote read), then case-only collision 
analysis, IF
+ * preflight (including the two-stage {@code matches}: requested-algorithm 
equality plus
+ * physical-family corroboration), schema contract from the stored column 
name, locator
+ * normalization, deterministic properties JSON, positive-quota assertion, and 
only then exactly
+ * one id allocation and the durable {@code createJob} transfer.
+ * Every rejection before {@code createJob} leaves no job, no fence, no quota 
charge, no journal
+ * record, and no id allocation; the manager's own fence/quota rejections pass 
through verbatim
+ * (an id burned by them is accepted — ids are never required to be 
contiguous).
+ */
+public final class LanceIndexAdmission {
+
+    /**
+     * The snapshot read seam. Tests inject a prepared snapshot here so 
admission runs without
+     * FE startup or JNI; the production default delegates to the catalog's 
merged-snapshot read.
+     */
+    public interface SnapshotLoader {
+        LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot load(LanceExternalCatalog catalog, String 
dbName, String tableName)
+                throws Exception;
+    }
+
+    /** The admission result: the durable job id, or null for an IF no-op (no 
job created). */
+    public static final class Outcome {
+        private final Long jobId;
+
+        private Outcome(Long jobId) {
+            this.jobId = jobId;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * The admitted job id, or null when the IF preflight made the 
statement an immediate
+         * no-op (design section 2.2: "returns an immediate no-op, without 
creating a job").
+         */
+        @Nullable
+        public Long getJobId() {
+            return jobId;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final SnapshotLoader DEFAULT_LOADER = new SnapshotLoader() {
+        @Override
+        public LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot load(LanceExternalCatalog catalog, 
String dbName,
+                String tableName) throws Exception {
+            return catalog.loadTableIndexAdmissionSnapshot(dbName, tableName);
+        }
+    };
+
+    private LanceIndexAdmission() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Admits a top-level CREATE [OR REPLACE] INDEX. Static validation
+     * ({@link LanceIndexMutationValidator#validateCreateIndex}) must already 
have passed for
+     * {@code def}.
+     */
+    public static Outcome admitCreate(LanceExternalCatalog catalog, 
LanceExternalDatabase db,
+            LanceExternalTable table, IndexDefinition def, boolean 
ifNotExists) throws Exception {
+        return admitCreate(DEFAULT_LOADER, catalog, db, table, def, 
ifNotExists);
+    }
+
+    static Outcome admitCreate(SnapshotLoader loader, LanceExternalCatalog 
catalog,
+            LanceExternalDatabase db, LanceExternalTable table, 
IndexDefinition def, boolean ifNotExists)
+            throws Exception {
+        // 1. Display/normalized names and the reserved system prefix, checked 
before any metadata
+        // read so a reserved name rejected at admission depth costs no remote 
snapshot read (fail
+        // cheap-first). The prefix is rejected for CREATE and REPLACE exactly 
as for DROP; the
+        // static layer rejects it first and this is the defense-in-depth copy 
at admission depth.
+        String displayName = def.getIndexName();
+        String normalizedName = 
LanceIndexNameNormalizer.normalize(displayName);
+        LanceIndexMutationValidator.rejectIfReservedIndexName(displayName);
+        // 2. One pinned snapshot for every authoritative decision below.
+        CatalogMgr catalogMgr = Env.getCurrentEnv().getCatalogMgr();
+        CatalogMgr.LanceIndexTarget target = 
catalogMgr.captureLanceIndexTarget(catalog);
+        LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot snapshot = loader.load(catalog, 
db.getRemoteName(), table.getRemoteName());
+        // 3. Case-only analysis (design section 4.1): ambiguous external 
collisions fail closed;
+        // a unique match resolves to the stored display name.
+        List<String> storedNames = logicalIndexNames(snapshot);
+        if (LanceIndexFamilies.isAmbiguousCaseCollision(storedNames, 
normalizedName)) {
+            rejectInvalid("index name '" + displayName
+                    + "' is ambiguous: multiple Lance indexes differ only by 
case");
+        }
+        String storedName = LanceIndexFamilies.uniqueMatch(storedNames, 
normalizedName);
+        // 4. IF preflight (design section 2.2).
+        boolean orReplace = def.isOrReplace();
+        if (!orReplace && storedName != null) {
+            if (!ifNotExists) {
+                rejectInvalid("index '" + displayName + "' already exists");
+            }
+            if (!matchesExistingDefinition(snapshot, storedName, def)) {
+                rejectInvalid("index '" + displayName + "' already exists with 
a different definition");
+            }
+            return catalogMgr.withLanceIndexAdmission(catalog, target, () -> 
new Outcome(null));
+        }
+        // 5. Schema contract v1 from the stored column name (never the raw 
user spelling).
+        String storedColumnName = storedColumnName(table, 
def.getCols().get(0));
+        LanceIndexSchemaContract contract =
+                LanceSchemaContractBuilder.build(snapshot.getTopLevelFields(), 
storedColumnName);
+        // 6. The fence locator is the normalized dataset uri of the same 
pinned snapshot.
+        String locator = normalizeLocator(snapshot);
+        // 7. Deterministic normalized properties JSON for ANN; scalar 
families persist null.
+        boolean ann = def.getLanceIndexType() == null;
+        String indexType = ann ? annIndexType(def) : def.getLanceIndexType();
+        String propertiesJson = ann ? buildAnnPropertiesJson(def) : null;
+        // D7 backstop: quota values from fe.conf bypass the ADMIN SET 
callback, so admission
+        // re-asserts positivity before any id allocation or durable transfer.
+        assertPositiveQuotas();
+        return catalogMgr.withLanceIndexAdmission(catalog, target, () -> {
+            // 8. Exactly one id allocation, after every preflight above has 
passed.
+            long jobId = Env.getCurrentEnv().getNextId();
+            String creator = ConnectContext.get().getQualifiedUser();
+            // 9. REPLACE on an existing name persists the stored display name 
(section 4.1) so the
+            // worker locates the case-sensitive target; a fresh REPLACE keeps 
the user's spelling.
+            String persistedDisplayName = (orReplace && storedName != null) ? 
storedName : displayName;
+            LanceIndexJob job;
+            try {
+                job = new LanceIndexJob(jobId, creator, catalog.getId(), 
db.getFullName(), table.getName(),
+                        LanceIndexFenceKey.PROVIDER_DIRECTORY, locator, 
persistedDisplayName, normalizedName,
+                        orReplace ? LanceIndexJobMutationType.REPLACE : 
LanceIndexJobMutationType.CREATE,
+                        ifNotExists, false, indexType, storedColumnName, 
propertiesJson,
+                        snapshot.getDatasetVersion(), contract);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                throw invalidAdmission(e.getMessage());
+            }
+            Env.getCurrentEnv().getLanceIndexJobManager().createJob(job,
+                    Config.lance_index_job_max_unresolved_per_table,
+                    Config.lance_index_job_max_unresolved_per_catalog,
+                    Config.lance_index_job_max_unresolved_global);
+            // 10. The job and its fence are durable once createJob returns.
+            return new Outcome(jobId);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Admits a top-level DROP INDEX. The static name bounds
+     * ({@link LanceIndexMutationValidator#validateDropIndex}) must already 
have passed.
+     */
+    public static Outcome admitDrop(LanceExternalCatalog catalog, 
LanceExternalDatabase db,
+            LanceExternalTable table, String indexName, boolean ifExists) 
throws Exception {
+        return admitDrop(DEFAULT_LOADER, catalog, db, table, indexName, 
ifExists);
+    }
+
+    static Outcome admitDrop(SnapshotLoader loader, LanceExternalCatalog 
catalog,
+            LanceExternalDatabase db, LanceExternalTable table, String 
indexName, boolean ifExists)
+            throws Exception {
+        // Fail cheap-first: the reserved prefix is rejected before target 
capture and the
+        // snapshot read, so it costs no remote read.
+        String normalizedName = LanceIndexNameNormalizer.normalize(indexName);
+        LanceIndexMutationValidator.rejectIfReservedIndexName(indexName);
+        CatalogMgr catalogMgr = Env.getCurrentEnv().getCatalogMgr();
+        CatalogMgr.LanceIndexTarget target = 
catalogMgr.captureLanceIndexTarget(catalog);
+        LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot snapshot = loader.load(catalog, 
db.getRemoteName(), table.getRemoteName());
+        List<String> storedNames = logicalIndexNames(snapshot);
+        if (LanceIndexFamilies.isAmbiguousCaseCollision(storedNames, 
normalizedName)) {
+            rejectInvalid("index name '" + indexName
+                    + "' is ambiguous: multiple Lance indexes differ only by 
case");
+        }
+        String storedName = LanceIndexFamilies.uniqueMatch(storedNames, 
normalizedName);
+        if (storedName == null) {
+            if (ifExists) {
+                return catalogMgr.withLanceIndexAdmission(catalog, target, () 
-> new Outcome(null));
+            }
+            rejectInvalid("index '" + indexName + "' not found");
+        }
+        String locator = normalizeLocator(snapshot);
+        assertPositiveQuotas();
+        return catalogMgr.withLanceIndexAdmission(catalog, target, () -> {
+            long jobId = Env.getCurrentEnv().getNextId();
+            String creator = ConnectContext.get().getQualifiedUser();
+            // DROP only runs past the preflight with a unique match, so the 
stored display name is
+            // always persisted (section 4.1); definition fields stay null on 
a DROP job record.
+            LanceIndexJob job;
+            try {
+                job = new LanceIndexJob(jobId, creator, catalog.getId(), 
db.getFullName(), table.getName(),
+                        LanceIndexFenceKey.PROVIDER_DIRECTORY, locator, 
storedName, normalizedName,
+                        LanceIndexJobMutationType.DROP, false, ifExists, null, 
null, null,
+                        snapshot.getDatasetVersion(), null);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                throw invalidAdmission(e.getMessage());
+            }
+            Env.getCurrentEnv().getLanceIndexJobManager().createJob(job,
+                    Config.lance_index_job_max_unresolved_per_table,
+                    Config.lance_index_job_max_unresolved_per_catalog,
+                    Config.lance_index_job_max_unresolved_global);
+            return new Outcome(jobId);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The section 2.2 definition match, two stages: (a) the requested 
algorithm must equal the
+     * stored logical algorithm under family normalization — a same-name 
different-algorithm
+     * request is a mismatch, never a no-op; (b) the physical entry of the 
same name must exist
+     * and back the logical algorithm (snapshot self-consistency, failing 
closed); (c) the single
+     * normalized column must be equal; (d) whitelist properties are compared 
per property — a
+     * value the request sets and the snapshot exposes must be equal, an 
unexposed snapshot value
+     * is skipped, and a property the request omits is never compared.
+     */
+    private static boolean 
matchesExistingDefinition(LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot snapshot,
+            String storedName, IndexDefinition def) {
+        LanceLogicalIndex logical = null;
+        for (LanceLogicalIndex index : snapshot.getLogicalIndexes()) {
+            if (index.getName().equals(storedName)) {
+                logical = index;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (logical == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        String requestAlgorithm = requestedAlgorithm(def);
+        if (requestAlgorithm == null || 
!LanceIndexFamilies.normalize(logical.getIndexType())
+                .equals(LanceIndexFamilies.normalize(requestAlgorithm))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot.PhysicalIndexInfo physical = null;
+        for (LanceIndexAdmissionSnapshot.PhysicalIndexInfo entry : 
snapshot.getPhysicalIndexes()) {
+            if (entry.getName().equals(storedName)) {
+                physical = entry;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (physical == null
+                || !LanceIndexFamilies.isCompatible(logical.getIndexType(), 
physical.getIndexTypeName())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (logical.getColumns().size() != 1) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        String requestColumn = 
LanceIndexNameNormalizer.normalize(def.getCols().get(0));
+        if 
(!LanceIndexNameNormalizer.normalize(logical.getColumns().get(0)).equals(requestColumn))
 {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return whitelistPropertiesMatch(logical, def);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Per-property whitelist comparison (metric ↔ metric_type, 
num_sub_vectors ↔
+     * compression.num_sub_vectors, num_bits ↔ compression.num_bits). 
num_partitions is never
+     * compared (section 2.2). BTREE/BITMAP carry no user build properties, so 
the comparison is
+     * vacuous for them.
+     */
+    private static boolean whitelistPropertiesMatch(LanceLogicalIndex logical, 
IndexDefinition def) {
+        if (def.getLanceIndexType() != null) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        Map<String, String> request = 
normalizedAnnProperties(def.getProperties());
+        JsonObject exposed = parseSnapshotProperties(logical.getProperties());
+        if (exposed == null && logical.getProperties() != null && 
!logical.getProperties().isEmpty()) {
+            // A malformed provider payload is not "nothing exposed": fail the 
comparison closed
+            // rather than guess at a match (design section 3.4).
+            return false;
+        }
+        String metric = request.get("metric");
+        if (metric != null) {
+            JsonElement exposedMetric = exposed == null ? null : 
exposed.get("metric_type");
+            // Lance stores the metric uppercased ("L2") while the validated 
request vocabulary is
+            // lowercase ("l2"): both sides fold under the root locale before 
comparison. An
+            // exposed but non-primitive metric is malformed provider data and 
fails closed
+            // (design section 3.4), like an unparsable numeric property below.
+            if (exposedMetric != null && (!exposedMetric.isJsonPrimitive()
+                    || !exposedMetric.getAsString().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT)
+                            .equals(metric.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT)))) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        // A compression block that is present but not an object is malformed 
provider data:
+        // fail closed (design section 3.4) rather than treat every numeric 
property as
+        // unexposed. ANN requests always carry num_sub_vectors, so there is 
always at least
+        // one numeric property to corroborate.
+        if (exposed != null && exposed.has("compression") && 
!exposed.get("compression").isJsonObject()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        JsonObject compression = exposed == null || !exposed.has("compression")
+                ? null : exposed.getAsJsonObject("compression");
+        return numericPropertyMatches(request.get("num_sub_vectors"), 
compression, "num_sub_vectors")

Review Comment:
   [P2] Compare the effective fixed `num_bits` value here. Omitting this 
property means 8: the validator accepts omission and every admitted job 
unconditionally persists `num_bits=8`. Passing null here instead makes 
`numericPropertyMatches` skip even an exposed `compression.num_bits=4`, so the 
command can report a successful no-op for a definition Doris could not create. 
Use 8 as the request-side default when omitted and cover an exposed non-8 value.



##########
regression-test/suites/external_table_p0/lance/test_lance_index_admission.groovy:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+suite("test_lance_index_admission", "p0,external,nonConcurrent") {
+    // The Lance fixture is preinstalled in the MinIO container of the Iceberg
+    // external environment, so this suite deliberately shares its switch.
+    String enabled = context.config.otherConfigs.get("enableIcebergTest")
+    if (enabled == null || !enabled.equalsIgnoreCase("true")) {
+        logger.info("disable Lance index admission test because the Iceberg 
MinIO environment is disabled.")
+        return
+    }
+
+    String externalEnvIp = context.config.otherConfigs.get("externalEnvIp")
+    String minioPort = context.config.otherConfigs.get("iceberg_minio_port")
+    String lanceRestPort = context.config.otherConfigs.get("lance_rest_port")
+    // Admitted jobs are durable and stay PENDING forever in this delivery 
slice: dispatch,

Review Comment:
   [P2] This test is not repeatable on the shared FE state it explicitly 
anticipates. A successful intended run leaves this catalog plus three 
permanently PENDING jobs (normal CREATE, quota-case CREATE, and DROP); the 
timestamp avoids name/fence collisions but every run still consumes the global 
unresolved quota. With the default 256 limit, 85 runs leave 255 entries and the 
next run cannot finish, with partial failures leaking sooner. Run this scenario 
only in disposable/resettable FE state or defer it until an authorized 
cleanup/release path exists.



##########
fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/nereids/trees/plans/commands/ShowLanceIndexJobsCommand.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+package org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.plans.commands;
+
+import org.apache.doris.analysis.RedirectStatus;
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.Column;
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.DatabaseIf;
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.Env;
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.ScalarType;
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.TableIf;
+import org.apache.doris.common.AnalysisException;
+import org.apache.doris.common.util.TimeUtils;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.CatalogIf;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexJob;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexJobMutationState;
+import org.apache.doris.mysql.privilege.PrivPredicate;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.analyzer.UnboundSlot;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.And;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.CompoundPredicate;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.EqualTo;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.Expression;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.literal.StringLikeLiteral;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.plans.PlanType;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.plans.visitor.PlanVisitor;
+import org.apache.doris.qe.ConnectContext;
+import org.apache.doris.qe.ShowResultSet;
+import org.apache.doris.qe.ShowResultSetMetaData;
+import org.apache.doris.qe.StmtExecutor;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * SHOW LANCE INDEX JOBS [FROM [catalog.]db] [WHERE TableName = "tbl" [AND 
State = "PENDING"]].
+ *
+ * <p>Lists the durable Lance index job records held by the master. Rows whose 
persisted
+ * target no longer resolves (the catalog is gone, or the catalog is there but 
the db or
+ * table no longer resolves) are visible to global ADMIN only; every other row 
requires
+ * table-level SHOW on the persisted (catalog, db, table). Rows that fail the 
check are
+ * omitted entirely, so non-ADMIN users see no orphan trace, not even a count. 
The job
+ * locator, provider, normalized names, propertiesJson and schema contract are 
never shown.
+ *
+ * <p>The WHERE clause is deliberately narrowed to EqualTo predicates combined 
with AND
+ * over the case-insensitive keys TableName and State (no Like, unlike the 
SHOW COPY
+ * precedent).
+ */
+public class ShowLanceIndexJobsCommand extends ShowCommand {
+    public static final ImmutableList<String> TITLE_NAMES = new 
ImmutableList.Builder<String>()
+            .add("JobId")
+            .add("CatalogName")
+            .add("DbName")
+            .add("TableName")
+            .add("IndexName")
+            .add("Operation")
+            .add("State")
+            .add("RefreshState")
+            .add("PossibleLive")
+            .add("CreateTime")
+            .add("UpdateTime")
+            .add("Message")
+            .add("ForceReleased")
+            .add("ForceActor")
+            .add("ForceTime")
+            .build();
+
+    private static final String KEY_TABLE_NAME = "TableName";
+    private static final String KEY_STATE = "State";
+    private static final String WHERE_HINT = "Where clause should looks like: 
TableName = \"your_table_name\""
+            + " or State = 
\"PENDING|RUNNING|COMMITTED|NOT_COMMITTED|UNKNOWN\","
+            + " or compound predicate with operator AND";
+
+    private final List<String> nameParts;
+    private final Expression whereClause;
+
+    private String ctlName;
+    private String dbName;
+    private String tableNameValue;
+    private String stateValue;
+
+    public ShowLanceIndexJobsCommand(List<String> nameParts, Expression 
whereClause) {
+        super(PlanType.SHOW_LANCE_INDEX_JOBS_COMMAND);
+        this.nameParts = nameParts;
+        this.whereClause = whereClause;
+    }
+
+    public List<String> getNameParts() {
+        return nameParts;
+    }
+
+    public Expression getWhereClause() {
+        return whereClause;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ShowResultSetMetaData getMetaData() {
+        ShowResultSetMetaData.Builder builder = 
ShowResultSetMetaData.builder();
+        for (String title : TITLE_NAMES) {
+            builder.addColumn(new Column(title, ScalarType.createVarchar(30)));
+        }
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+
+    private void validate(ConnectContext ctx) throws AnalysisException {
+        if (nameParts != null) {
+            if (nameParts.size() == 1) {
+                dbName = nameParts.get(0);
+                CatalogIf currentCatalog = ctx.getCurrentCatalog();
+                ctlName = currentCatalog == null ? null : 
currentCatalog.getName();
+            } else if (nameParts.size() == 2) {
+                ctlName = nameParts.get(0);
+                dbName = nameParts.get(1);
+            } else {
+                throw new AnalysisException(
+                        "Only support SHOW LANCE INDEX JOBS FROM 
[catalog.]database, but get: " + nameParts);
+            }
+        }
+        analyzeWhereClause();
+    }
+
+    private void analyzeWhereClause() throws AnalysisException {
+        if (whereClause == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        List<Expression> children = new ArrayList<>();
+        splitCompoundPredicate(whereClause, children);
+        Set<String> names = new HashSet<>();
+        for (Expression child : children) {
+            analyzeSubPredicate(child);
+            String name = ((UnboundSlot) 
child.child(0)).getName().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+            if (!names.add(name)) {
+                throw new AnalysisException("column names on both sides of 
operator AND should be different");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void splitCompoundPredicate(Expression expr, List<Expression> 
children) throws AnalysisException {
+        if (expr instanceof CompoundPredicate) {
+            if (!(expr instanceof And)) {
+                throw new AnalysisException("Only allow compound predicate 
with operator AND");
+            }
+            splitCompoundPredicate(expr.child(0), children);
+            splitCompoundPredicate(expr.child(1), children);
+        } else {
+            children.add(expr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void analyzeSubPredicate(Expression expr) throws AnalysisException 
{
+        if (!(expr instanceof EqualTo)
+                || !(expr.child(0) instanceof UnboundSlot)
+                || !(expr.child(1) instanceof StringLikeLiteral)) {
+            throw new AnalysisException(WHERE_HINT);
+        }
+        String key = ((UnboundSlot) expr.child(0)).getName();
+        String value = ((StringLikeLiteral) expr.child(1)).getStringValue();
+        if (key.equalsIgnoreCase(KEY_TABLE_NAME)) {
+            tableNameValue = value;
+        } else if (key.equalsIgnoreCase(KEY_STATE)) {
+            stateValue = value.toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+            try {
+                LanceIndexJobMutationState.valueOf(stateValue);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                throw new AnalysisException("Unknown Lance index job state: " 
+ value + "; " + WHERE_HINT);
+            }
+        } else {
+            throw new AnalysisException(WHERE_HINT);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ShowResultSet doRun(ConnectContext ctx, StmtExecutor executor) 
throws Exception {
+        validate(ctx);
+        List<List<String>> rows = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (LanceIndexJob job : 
Env.getCurrentEnv().getLanceIndexJobManager().getAllJobsSnapshot()) {
+            CatalogIf<? extends DatabaseIf<? extends TableIf>> catalog =
+                    
Env.getCurrentEnv().getCatalogMgr().getCatalog(job.getCatalogId());
+            if (!matchesFilters(catalog, job)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!isAuthorized(ctx, catalog, job)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            rows.add(renderRow(job, catalog));
+        }
+        return new ShowResultSet(getMetaData(), rows);
+    }
+
+    private boolean matchesFilters(CatalogIf<? extends DatabaseIf<? extends 
TableIf>> catalog, LanceIndexJob job) {
+        if (ctlName != null && (catalog == null || 
!ctlName.equals(catalog.getName()))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (dbName != null && !dbName.equals(job.getDbName())) {

Review Comment:
   [P2] Apply the catalog's database-name semantics to this filter. Admission 
persists the resolved local database name, but `FROM` keeps the user's 
identifier spelling and this exact equality runs before resolution. With 
`lower_case_database_names=1` or `2`, `SHOW ... FROM DB1` can return no rows 
even though the catalog resolves `DB1` to stored `db1`. Resolve/canonicalize 
the requested database through the selected catalog without weakening 
authorization, and cover both case modes.



##########
fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/nereids/trees/plans/commands/ShowLanceIndexJobsCommand.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+package org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.plans.commands;
+
+import org.apache.doris.analysis.RedirectStatus;
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.Column;
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.DatabaseIf;
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.Env;
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.ScalarType;
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.TableIf;
+import org.apache.doris.common.AnalysisException;
+import org.apache.doris.common.util.TimeUtils;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.CatalogIf;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexJob;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexJobMutationState;
+import org.apache.doris.mysql.privilege.PrivPredicate;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.analyzer.UnboundSlot;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.And;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.CompoundPredicate;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.EqualTo;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.Expression;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.literal.StringLikeLiteral;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.plans.PlanType;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.plans.visitor.PlanVisitor;
+import org.apache.doris.qe.ConnectContext;
+import org.apache.doris.qe.ShowResultSet;
+import org.apache.doris.qe.ShowResultSetMetaData;
+import org.apache.doris.qe.StmtExecutor;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * SHOW LANCE INDEX JOBS [FROM [catalog.]db] [WHERE TableName = "tbl" [AND 
State = "PENDING"]].
+ *
+ * <p>Lists the durable Lance index job records held by the master. Rows whose 
persisted
+ * target no longer resolves (the catalog is gone, or the catalog is there but 
the db or
+ * table no longer resolves) are visible to global ADMIN only; every other row 
requires
+ * table-level SHOW on the persisted (catalog, db, table). Rows that fail the 
check are
+ * omitted entirely, so non-ADMIN users see no orphan trace, not even a count. 
The job
+ * locator, provider, normalized names, propertiesJson and schema contract are 
never shown.
+ *
+ * <p>The WHERE clause is deliberately narrowed to EqualTo predicates combined 
with AND
+ * over the case-insensitive keys TableName and State (no Like, unlike the 
SHOW COPY
+ * precedent).
+ */
+public class ShowLanceIndexJobsCommand extends ShowCommand {
+    public static final ImmutableList<String> TITLE_NAMES = new 
ImmutableList.Builder<String>()
+            .add("JobId")
+            .add("CatalogName")
+            .add("DbName")
+            .add("TableName")
+            .add("IndexName")
+            .add("Operation")
+            .add("State")
+            .add("RefreshState")
+            .add("PossibleLive")
+            .add("CreateTime")
+            .add("UpdateTime")
+            .add("Message")
+            .add("ForceReleased")
+            .add("ForceActor")
+            .add("ForceTime")
+            .build();
+
+    private static final String KEY_TABLE_NAME = "TableName";
+    private static final String KEY_STATE = "State";
+    private static final String WHERE_HINT = "Where clause should looks like: 
TableName = \"your_table_name\""
+            + " or State = 
\"PENDING|RUNNING|COMMITTED|NOT_COMMITTED|UNKNOWN\","
+            + " or compound predicate with operator AND";
+
+    private final List<String> nameParts;
+    private final Expression whereClause;
+
+    private String ctlName;
+    private String dbName;
+    private String tableNameValue;
+    private String stateValue;
+
+    public ShowLanceIndexJobsCommand(List<String> nameParts, Expression 
whereClause) {
+        super(PlanType.SHOW_LANCE_INDEX_JOBS_COMMAND);
+        this.nameParts = nameParts;
+        this.whereClause = whereClause;
+    }
+
+    public List<String> getNameParts() {
+        return nameParts;
+    }
+
+    public Expression getWhereClause() {
+        return whereClause;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ShowResultSetMetaData getMetaData() {
+        ShowResultSetMetaData.Builder builder = 
ShowResultSetMetaData.builder();
+        for (String title : TITLE_NAMES) {
+            builder.addColumn(new Column(title, ScalarType.createVarchar(30)));
+        }
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+
+    private void validate(ConnectContext ctx) throws AnalysisException {
+        if (nameParts != null) {
+            if (nameParts.size() == 1) {
+                dbName = nameParts.get(0);
+                CatalogIf currentCatalog = ctx.getCurrentCatalog();
+                ctlName = currentCatalog == null ? null : 
currentCatalog.getName();
+            } else if (nameParts.size() == 2) {
+                ctlName = nameParts.get(0);
+                dbName = nameParts.get(1);
+            } else {
+                throw new AnalysisException(
+                        "Only support SHOW LANCE INDEX JOBS FROM 
[catalog.]database, but get: " + nameParts);
+            }
+        }
+        analyzeWhereClause();
+    }
+
+    private void analyzeWhereClause() throws AnalysisException {
+        if (whereClause == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        List<Expression> children = new ArrayList<>();
+        splitCompoundPredicate(whereClause, children);
+        Set<String> names = new HashSet<>();
+        for (Expression child : children) {
+            analyzeSubPredicate(child);
+            String name = ((UnboundSlot) 
child.child(0)).getName().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+            if (!names.add(name)) {
+                throw new AnalysisException("column names on both sides of 
operator AND should be different");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void splitCompoundPredicate(Expression expr, List<Expression> 
children) throws AnalysisException {
+        if (expr instanceof CompoundPredicate) {
+            if (!(expr instanceof And)) {
+                throw new AnalysisException("Only allow compound predicate 
with operator AND");
+            }
+            splitCompoundPredicate(expr.child(0), children);
+            splitCompoundPredicate(expr.child(1), children);
+        } else {
+            children.add(expr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void analyzeSubPredicate(Expression expr) throws AnalysisException 
{
+        if (!(expr instanceof EqualTo)
+                || !(expr.child(0) instanceof UnboundSlot)
+                || !(expr.child(1) instanceof StringLikeLiteral)) {
+            throw new AnalysisException(WHERE_HINT);
+        }
+        String key = ((UnboundSlot) expr.child(0)).getName();
+        String value = ((StringLikeLiteral) expr.child(1)).getStringValue();
+        if (key.equalsIgnoreCase(KEY_TABLE_NAME)) {
+            tableNameValue = value;
+        } else if (key.equalsIgnoreCase(KEY_STATE)) {
+            stateValue = value.toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+            try {
+                LanceIndexJobMutationState.valueOf(stateValue);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                throw new AnalysisException("Unknown Lance index job state: " 
+ value + "; " + WHERE_HINT);
+            }
+        } else {
+            throw new AnalysisException(WHERE_HINT);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ShowResultSet doRun(ConnectContext ctx, StmtExecutor executor) 
throws Exception {
+        validate(ctx);
+        List<List<String>> rows = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (LanceIndexJob job : 
Env.getCurrentEnv().getLanceIndexJobManager().getAllJobsSnapshot()) {
+            CatalogIf<? extends DatabaseIf<? extends TableIf>> catalog =
+                    
Env.getCurrentEnv().getCatalogMgr().getCatalog(job.getCatalogId());
+            if (!matchesFilters(catalog, job)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!isAuthorized(ctx, catalog, job)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            rows.add(renderRow(job, catalog));
+        }
+        return new ShowResultSet(getMetaData(), rows);
+    }
+
+    private boolean matchesFilters(CatalogIf<? extends DatabaseIf<? extends 
TableIf>> catalog, LanceIndexJob job) {
+        if (ctlName != null && (catalog == null || 
!ctlName.equals(catalog.getName()))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (dbName != null && !dbName.equals(job.getDbName())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (tableNameValue != null && 
!tableNameValue.equals(job.getTableName())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return stateValue == null
+                || job.getMutationState() != null && 
stateValue.equals(job.getMutationState().name());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Orphan and half-orphan rows (catalog gone, or persisted db/table no 
longer resolvable)
+     * are visible to global ADMIN only; every other row needs table-level 
SHOW on the
+     * persisted target. The caller omits the row when this returns false, so 
non-ADMIN users
+     * see no trace of orphaned jobs, not even a count.
+     */
+    static boolean isAuthorized(ConnectContext ctx, CatalogIf<? extends 
DatabaseIf<? extends TableIf>> catalog,
+            LanceIndexJob job) {
+        if (!targetResolves(catalog, job)) {
+            return Env.getCurrentEnv().getAccessManager().checkGlobalPriv(ctx, 
PrivPredicate.ADMIN);
+        }
+        return Env.getCurrentEnv().getAccessManager().checkTblPriv(ctx, 
catalog.getName(),
+                job.getDbName(), job.getTableName(), PrivPredicate.SHOW);
+    }
+
+    static boolean targetResolves(CatalogIf<? extends DatabaseIf<? extends 
TableIf>> catalog, LanceIndexJob job) {

Review Comment:
   [P1] Authorize against the job's durable target, not just today's 
catalog/db/table names. After a terminal job releases the unresolved guard, a 
legal warehouse, namespace, or routing ALTER can repoint the same catalog id 
and names from locator A to dataset B. This helper then succeeds, so a user 
with SHOW on B can read A's historical job message, executor, and FORCE audit 
fields. Freshly resolve and revalidate the provider plus normalized effective 
target (including non-secret routing identity) against the job; treat 
mismatches or missing identity as ADMIN-only orphans while keeping credential 
rotation allowed.



##########
fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/nereids/trees/plans/commands/ShowLanceIndexJobsCommand.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+package org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.plans.commands;
+
+import org.apache.doris.analysis.RedirectStatus;
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.Column;
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.DatabaseIf;
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.Env;
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.ScalarType;
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.TableIf;
+import org.apache.doris.common.AnalysisException;
+import org.apache.doris.common.util.TimeUtils;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.CatalogIf;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexJob;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.lance.job.LanceIndexJobMutationState;
+import org.apache.doris.mysql.privilege.PrivPredicate;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.analyzer.UnboundSlot;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.And;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.CompoundPredicate;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.EqualTo;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.Expression;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.literal.StringLikeLiteral;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.plans.PlanType;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.plans.visitor.PlanVisitor;
+import org.apache.doris.qe.ConnectContext;
+import org.apache.doris.qe.ShowResultSet;
+import org.apache.doris.qe.ShowResultSetMetaData;
+import org.apache.doris.qe.StmtExecutor;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * SHOW LANCE INDEX JOBS [FROM [catalog.]db] [WHERE TableName = "tbl" [AND 
State = "PENDING"]].
+ *
+ * <p>Lists the durable Lance index job records held by the master. Rows whose 
persisted
+ * target no longer resolves (the catalog is gone, or the catalog is there but 
the db or
+ * table no longer resolves) are visible to global ADMIN only; every other row 
requires
+ * table-level SHOW on the persisted (catalog, db, table). Rows that fail the 
check are
+ * omitted entirely, so non-ADMIN users see no orphan trace, not even a count. 
The job
+ * locator, provider, normalized names, propertiesJson and schema contract are 
never shown.
+ *
+ * <p>The WHERE clause is deliberately narrowed to EqualTo predicates combined 
with AND
+ * over the case-insensitive keys TableName and State (no Like, unlike the 
SHOW COPY
+ * precedent).
+ */
+public class ShowLanceIndexJobsCommand extends ShowCommand {
+    public static final ImmutableList<String> TITLE_NAMES = new 
ImmutableList.Builder<String>()
+            .add("JobId")
+            .add("CatalogName")
+            .add("DbName")
+            .add("TableName")
+            .add("IndexName")
+            .add("Operation")
+            .add("State")
+            .add("RefreshState")
+            .add("PossibleLive")
+            .add("CreateTime")
+            .add("UpdateTime")
+            .add("Message")
+            .add("ForceReleased")
+            .add("ForceActor")
+            .add("ForceTime")
+            .build();
+
+    private static final String KEY_TABLE_NAME = "TableName";
+    private static final String KEY_STATE = "State";
+    private static final String WHERE_HINT = "Where clause should looks like: 
TableName = \"your_table_name\""
+            + " or State = 
\"PENDING|RUNNING|COMMITTED|NOT_COMMITTED|UNKNOWN\","
+            + " or compound predicate with operator AND";
+
+    private final List<String> nameParts;
+    private final Expression whereClause;
+
+    private String ctlName;
+    private String dbName;
+    private String tableNameValue;
+    private String stateValue;
+
+    public ShowLanceIndexJobsCommand(List<String> nameParts, Expression 
whereClause) {
+        super(PlanType.SHOW_LANCE_INDEX_JOBS_COMMAND);
+        this.nameParts = nameParts;
+        this.whereClause = whereClause;
+    }
+
+    public List<String> getNameParts() {
+        return nameParts;
+    }
+
+    public Expression getWhereClause() {
+        return whereClause;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ShowResultSetMetaData getMetaData() {
+        ShowResultSetMetaData.Builder builder = 
ShowResultSetMetaData.builder();
+        for (String title : TITLE_NAMES) {
+            builder.addColumn(new Column(title, ScalarType.createVarchar(30)));
+        }
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+
+    private void validate(ConnectContext ctx) throws AnalysisException {
+        if (nameParts != null) {
+            if (nameParts.size() == 1) {
+                dbName = nameParts.get(0);
+                CatalogIf currentCatalog = ctx.getCurrentCatalog();
+                ctlName = currentCatalog == null ? null : 
currentCatalog.getName();
+            } else if (nameParts.size() == 2) {
+                ctlName = nameParts.get(0);
+                dbName = nameParts.get(1);
+            } else {
+                throw new AnalysisException(
+                        "Only support SHOW LANCE INDEX JOBS FROM 
[catalog.]database, but get: " + nameParts);
+            }
+        }
+        analyzeWhereClause();
+    }
+
+    private void analyzeWhereClause() throws AnalysisException {
+        if (whereClause == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        List<Expression> children = new ArrayList<>();
+        splitCompoundPredicate(whereClause, children);
+        Set<String> names = new HashSet<>();
+        for (Expression child : children) {
+            analyzeSubPredicate(child);
+            String name = ((UnboundSlot) 
child.child(0)).getName().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+            if (!names.add(name)) {
+                throw new AnalysisException("column names on both sides of 
operator AND should be different");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void splitCompoundPredicate(Expression expr, List<Expression> 
children) throws AnalysisException {
+        if (expr instanceof CompoundPredicate) {
+            if (!(expr instanceof And)) {
+                throw new AnalysisException("Only allow compound predicate 
with operator AND");
+            }
+            splitCompoundPredicate(expr.child(0), children);
+            splitCompoundPredicate(expr.child(1), children);
+        } else {
+            children.add(expr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void analyzeSubPredicate(Expression expr) throws AnalysisException 
{
+        if (!(expr instanceof EqualTo)
+                || !(expr.child(0) instanceof UnboundSlot)
+                || !(expr.child(1) instanceof StringLikeLiteral)) {
+            throw new AnalysisException(WHERE_HINT);
+        }
+        String key = ((UnboundSlot) expr.child(0)).getName();
+        String value = ((StringLikeLiteral) expr.child(1)).getStringValue();
+        if (key.equalsIgnoreCase(KEY_TABLE_NAME)) {
+            tableNameValue = value;
+        } else if (key.equalsIgnoreCase(KEY_STATE)) {
+            stateValue = value.toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
+            try {
+                LanceIndexJobMutationState.valueOf(stateValue);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                throw new AnalysisException("Unknown Lance index job state: " 
+ value + "; " + WHERE_HINT);
+            }
+        } else {
+            throw new AnalysisException(WHERE_HINT);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ShowResultSet doRun(ConnectContext ctx, StmtExecutor executor) 
throws Exception {
+        validate(ctx);
+        List<List<String>> rows = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (LanceIndexJob job : 
Env.getCurrentEnv().getLanceIndexJobManager().getAllJobsSnapshot()) {
+            CatalogIf<? extends DatabaseIf<? extends TableIf>> catalog =
+                    
Env.getCurrentEnv().getCatalogMgr().getCatalog(job.getCatalogId());
+            if (!matchesFilters(catalog, job)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!isAuthorized(ctx, catalog, job)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            rows.add(renderRow(job, catalog));
+        }
+        return new ShowResultSet(getMetaData(), rows);
+    }
+
+    private boolean matchesFilters(CatalogIf<? extends DatabaseIf<? extends 
TableIf>> catalog, LanceIndexJob job) {
+        if (ctlName != null && (catalog == null || 
!ctlName.equals(catalog.getName()))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (dbName != null && !dbName.equals(job.getDbName())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (tableNameValue != null && 
!tableNameValue.equals(job.getTableName())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return stateValue == null
+                || job.getMutationState() != null && 
stateValue.equals(job.getMutationState().name());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Orphan and half-orphan rows (catalog gone, or persisted db/table no 
longer resolvable)
+     * are visible to global ADMIN only; every other row needs table-level 
SHOW on the
+     * persisted target. The caller omits the row when this returns false, so 
non-ADMIN users
+     * see no trace of orphaned jobs, not even a count.
+     */
+    static boolean isAuthorized(ConnectContext ctx, CatalogIf<? extends 
DatabaseIf<? extends TableIf>> catalog,
+            LanceIndexJob job) {
+        if (!targetResolves(catalog, job)) {
+            return Env.getCurrentEnv().getAccessManager().checkGlobalPriv(ctx, 
PrivPredicate.ADMIN);
+        }
+        return Env.getCurrentEnv().getAccessManager().checkTblPriv(ctx, 
catalog.getName(),
+                job.getDbName(), job.getTableName(), PrivPredicate.SHOW);
+    }
+
+    static boolean targetResolves(CatalogIf<? extends DatabaseIf<? extends 
TableIf>> catalog, LanceIndexJob job) {
+        if (catalog == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        DatabaseIf<? extends TableIf> db = 
catalog.getDbNullable(job.getDbName());

Review Comment:
   [P1] Keep provider lookup failures inside the non-disclosing authorization 
boundary. `getTableNullable()` can initialize, list, or load external metadata 
and throw on expired credentials or an outage. For detail, that makes a valid 
job ID return a provider-specific error while a missing or unauthorized ID 
returns fixed 5103; for list, one bad target aborts every row. Treat lookup 
failure as an unresolved/orphan target through an exception-safe lookup 
boundary, so non-ADMIN callers learn nothing and ADMIN can still inspect the 
orphan.



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