yujun777 commented on code in PR #69456:
URL: https://github.com/apache/doris/pull/69456#discussion_r4357073249


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be/src/exprs/lambda_function/varray_sorted_merge_function.cpp:
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@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "common/status.h"
+#include "core/assert_cast.h"
+#include "core/block/block.h"
+#include "core/block/column_with_type_and_name.h"
+#include "core/column/column.h"
+#include "core/column/column_array.h"
+#include "core/column/column_nullable.h"
+#include "core/column/column_vector.h"
+#include "core/data_type/data_type.h"
+#include "core/data_type/data_type_array.h"
+#include "core/data_type/data_type_nullable.h"
+#include "exprs/lambda_function/lambda_execution_context.h"
+#include "exprs/lambda_function/lambda_function.h"
+#include "exprs/lambda_function/lambda_function_factory.h"
+#include "exprs/vexpr.h"
+#include "exprs/vexpr_context.h"
+#include "exprs/vlambda_function_expr.h"
+
+namespace doris {
+
+/**
+ * array_sorted_merge(merge_fn, arr1, arr2, is_asc)
+ *
+ * Merges two arrays that are already sorted by the elements' natural order. 
The merge lambda
+ * receives the two current candidates and returns the combined element; 
returning NULL means the
+ * two elements must not be combined, so both are kept. Each input key occurs 
at most once per
+ * array, so a key appears at most twice across the two arrays and the lambda 
is called at most
+ * once per key.
+ */
+class ArraySortedMergeFunction : public LambdaFunction {
+    ENABLE_FACTORY_CREATOR(ArraySortedMergeFunction);
+
+public:
+    ~ArraySortedMergeFunction() override = default;
+
+    static constexpr auto name = "array_sorted_merge";
+
+    static LambdaFunctionPtr create() { return 
std::make_shared<ArraySortedMergeFunction>(); }
+
+    std::string get_name() const override { return name; }
+
+    Status execute(VExprContext* context, const Block* block, const Selector* 
expr_selector,
+                   size_t count, ColumnPtr& result_column, const DataTypePtr& 
result_type,
+                   const VExprSPtrs& children) const override {
+        DCHECK_EQ(children.size(), 4);
+
+        const ColumnArray* arrays[2] = {nullptr, nullptr};
+        const IColumn* data[2] = {nullptr, nullptr};
+        DataTypePtr nested_types[2];
+        ColumnPtr holders[2];
+        const ColumnUInt8::Container* nullmaps[2] = {nullptr, nullptr};
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(children[i + 1]->execute_column(context, block, 
expr_selector, count,
+                                                            holders[i]));
+            holders[i] = holders[i]->convert_to_full_column_if_const();
+            DataTypePtr type = children[i + 1]->execute_type(block);
+            const IColumn* array_column = holders[i].get();
+            if (const auto* nullable = 
check_and_get_column<ColumnNullable>(array_column)) {
+                nullmaps[i] = &nullable->get_null_map_column().get_data();
+                array_column = &nullable->get_nested_column();
+                type = assert_cast<const 
DataTypeNullable&>(*type).get_nested_type();
+            }
+            arrays[i] = assert_cast<const ColumnArray*>(array_column);
+            data[i] = arrays[i]->get_data_ptr().get();
+            nested_types[i] = assert_cast<const 
DataTypeArray&>(*type).get_nested_type();
+        }
+
+        ColumnPtr flag_holder;
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                children[3]->execute_column(context, block, expr_selector, 
count, flag_holder));
+        flag_holder = flag_holder->convert_to_full_column_if_const();
+        const IColumn* flag_column = flag_holder.get();
+        const ColumnUInt8::Container* flag_nullmap = nullptr;
+        if (const auto* nullable = 
check_and_get_column<ColumnNullable>(flag_column)) {
+            flag_nullmap = &nullable->get_null_map_column().get_data();
+            flag_column = &nullable->get_nested_column();
+        }
+        const auto& flags = assert_cast<const 
ColumnUInt8&>(*flag_column).get_data();
+
+        const size_t rows = arrays[0]->size();
+        auto result_nested = nested_types[0]->create_column();
+        auto result_offsets = ColumnArray::ColumnOffsets::create();
+        auto& offsets_data = result_offsets->get_data();
+        offsets_data.reserve(rows);
+        auto result_nullmap = ColumnUInt8::create(rows, 0);
+        auto& result_nullmap_data = result_nullmap->get_data();
+
+        // Two one-row columns hold the lambda arguments of the current merge 
step. They carry
+        // the lambda argument names because the column refs resolve by name 
when no
+        // position-based gap is set.
+        const auto* lambda_expr = assert_cast<const 
VLambdaFunctionExpr*>(children[0].get());
+        const std::vector<std::string>* argument_names =
+                lambda_expr->has_argument_names() ? 
&lambda_expr->argument_names() : nullptr;
+        Block lambda_block;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+            const std::string argument_name =
+                    argument_names != nullptr && i < argument_names->size()
+                            ? (*argument_names)[i]
+                            : "merge_arg_" + std::to_string(i);
+            
lambda_block.insert(ColumnWithTypeAndName(nested_types[i]->create_column(),
+                                                      nested_types[i], 
argument_name));
+        }
+        // The lambda arguments are bound by position (column ids 0 and 1), 
like array_sort's
+        // comparator, so the body reads these two one-row columns.
+        IColumn* argument_columns[2] = {
+                lambda_block.get_by_position(0).column->assert_mutable().get(),
+                
lambda_block.get_by_position(1).column->assert_mutable().get()};
+
+        LambdaExecutionContext::Frame lambda_frame;
+        lambda_frame.bind_by_name = false;
+        lambda_frame.parent_bindings_visible = false;
+        LambdaExecutionContext::FrameGuard 
lambda_frame_guard(context->lambda_execution_context(),
+                                                              
std::move(lambda_frame));
+
+        const auto& offsets0 = arrays[0]->get_offsets();
+        const auto& offsets1 = arrays[1]->get_offsets();
+        const int lambda_result_base = 
static_cast<int>(lambda_block.columns());
+
+        for (size_t row = 0; row < rows; ++row) {
+            const bool row_is_null = (nullmaps[0] != nullptr && 
(*nullmaps[0])[row] != 0) ||
+                                     (nullmaps[1] != nullptr && 
(*nullmaps[1])[row] != 0);
+            if (row_is_null) {
+                result_nullmap_data[row] = 1;
+                offsets_data.push_back(result_nested->size());
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (flag_nullmap != nullptr && (*flag_nullmap)[row] != 0) {
+                return Status::InvalidArgument(
+                        "array_sorted_merge requires a non-null ascending 
flag");
+            }
+            const bool ascending = flags[row] != 0;
+
+            size_t left = row == 0 ? 0 : offsets0[row - 1];
+            const size_t left_end = offsets0[row];
+            size_t right = row == 0 ? 0 : offsets1[row - 1];
+            const size_t right_end = offsets1[row];
+
+            while (left < left_end || right < right_end) {
+                if (left == left_end) {
+                    result_nested->insert_from(*data[1], right++);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (right == right_end) {
+                    result_nested->insert_from(*data[0], left++);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                argument_columns[0]->clear();
+                argument_columns[0]->insert_from(*data[0], left);
+                argument_columns[1]->clear();
+                argument_columns[1]->insert_from(*data[1], right);
+
+                int lambda_res_id = lambda_result_base;
+                RETURN_IF_ERROR(children[0]->execute(context, &lambda_block, 
&lambda_res_id));

Review Comment:
   Fixed in 51bd4e1021e: the merge frame now rebases every binding it can see 
onto the private block instead of hiding them. It publishes the enclosing 
bindings with their positions in that block, then the two merge arguments, so a 
same-named `a`/`b` shadows an outer binding. `parent_bindings_visible` stays 
false, because the parent frame positions do not describe this block.
   
   A lambda nested inside the merge body therefore resolves `x` through the 
merge frame: the nested function collects that binding position and 
materializes it from the one-row merge block, and the value is cut at the same 
source row as the arrays. The reduced plan
   ```sql
   SELECT array_map(x -> array_sorted_merge(
              (a, b) -> IF(a = b AND a < element_at(array_map(y -> x, [1]), 1), 
a, NULL),
              CAST([1] AS ARRAY<INT>), CAST([1] AS ARRAY<INT>), true), [0, 2])
   ```
   now returns `[[1, 1], [1]]`, pinned by 
`order_qt_capture_enclosing_lambda_nested` in `test_array_sorted_merge`. Nested 
captures of the merge-local `a`/`b` are still rejected during prepare, and the 
legacy positional frame is unchanged when the lambda carries no argument names.
   



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