jtuglu1 commented on code in PR #18813:
URL: https://github.com/apache/druid/pull/18813#discussion_r2601403891


##########
extensions-contrib/spectator-histogram/src/main/java/org/apache/druid/spectator/histogram/SpectatorHistogramAggregateHelper.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.druid.spectator.histogram;
+
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ObjectMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2ObjectOpenHashMap;
+import org.apache.druid.java.util.common.IAE;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
+
+/**
+ * Helper class for Spectator histogram implementations of {@link 
org.apache.druid.query.aggregation.BufferAggregator} and {@link 
org.apache.druid.query.aggregation.VectorAggregator}.
+ */
+public class SpectatorHistogramAggregateHelper
+{
+  private final IdentityHashMap<ByteBuffer, Int2ObjectMap<SpectatorHistogram>> 
histogramCache = new IdentityHashMap<>();
+
+  public void init(ByteBuffer buffer, int position)
+  {
+    SpectatorHistogram emptyCounts = new SpectatorHistogram();
+    addToCache(buffer, position, emptyCounts);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Merge obj ({@link SpectatorHistogram} or {@link Object}) into {@param 
current}.
+   */
+  public void merge(SpectatorHistogram current, Object obj)
+  {
+    if (obj instanceof SpectatorHistogram) {
+      SpectatorHistogram other = (SpectatorHistogram) obj;
+      current.merge(other);
+    } else if (obj instanceof Number) {
+      current.insert((Number) obj);
+    } else {
+      throw new IAE(
+          "Expected a Number, but received [%s] of type [%s]",
+          obj,
+          obj.getClass()
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Merge {@param value} into {@param current}.
+   */
+  public void merge(SpectatorHistogram current, long value)
+  {
+    current.insert(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Fetches the SpectatorHistogram at the given buffer/position pair in the 
cache
+   */
+  public SpectatorHistogram get(final ByteBuffer buffer, final int position)
+  {
+    // histogramCache is an IdentityHashMap where the reference of buffer is 
used for equality checks.
+    // So the returned object isn't impacted by the changes in the buffer 
object made by concurrent threads.

Review Comment:
   Also worth noting this pattern is repeated in 
`TDigestSketchBufferAggregator` and `DDSketchBufferAggregator`, which are 
required to be thread-safe.



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