gianm commented on issue #7394: A central place explaining and linking to 
different types of segments and tasks
URL: 
https://github.com/apache/incubator-druid/issues/7394#issuecomment-548058373
 
 
   The definitions I have been using recently when writing docs and method 
names are:
   
   - _pending segment_ → a segment that is currently being built by an indexer, 
but hasn't had its metadata inserted into the metadata store yet.
   - _pushed segment_ → a segment that has been written to deep storage. This 
happens before publishing (see next term).
   - _published segment_ → a segment which has a record in the metadata store 
with `used = 1`. All published segments should also be pushed. None of them are 
pending.
   - _publish_ → the act of inserting segment records into the metadata store 
(what the Overlord does when SegmentInsertAction is called).
   - _insert_ → a synonym for _publish_. _publish_ is preferred over _insert_.
   - _announce_ → what Historicals do when they start serving a segment for 
querying.
   - _available segment_ → a segment that is currently available for querying. 
In most cases, these are also published, but it isn't perfectly analogous (for 
example, a new segment is published immediately, but may take a few minutes to 
become available).
   - _available segment_ → a synonym for _announced segment_.
   - _announced segment_ → a synonym for _available segment_. I prefer 
_available segment_ to _announced segment_.

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