jihoonson opened a new pull request #11083:
URL: https://github.com/apache/druid/pull/11083


   ### Description
   
   Currently, `CAST` is ignored in the query plan when you use certain 
aggregators on string columns after case. Taking a query, `SELECT 
APPROX_QUANTILE_DS(CAST(dim1 as DOUBLE), 0.01) FROM foo`, as a example, Druid 
creates a query plan like below.
   
   ```json
   {
     "queryType" : "timeseries",
     "dataSource" : {
       "type" : "table",
       "name" : "foo"
     },
     "intervals" : {
       "type" : "intervals",
       "intervals" : [ 
"-146136543-09-08T08:23:32.096Z/146140482-04-24T15:36:27.903Z" ]
     },
     "descending" : false,
     "virtualColumns" : [ ],
     "granularity" : {
       "type" : "all"
     },
     "aggregations" : [ {
       "type" : "DoublesSketchAggregatorFactory",
       "name" : "a0:agg",
       "fieldName" : "dim1",
       "k" : 128
     } ],
     "postAggregations" : [ {
       "type" : "DoublesSketchToQuantilePostAggregator",
       "name" : "a0",
       "field" : {
         "type" : "fieldAccess",
         "name" : "a0:agg",
         "fieldName" : "a0:agg"
       },
       "fraction" : 0.009999999776482582
     } ]
   }
   ```
   
   As a result, this query always returns `0.0` because strings cannot be 
casted to numbers implicitly. This PR fixes this issue by keeping `CAST` when 
it casts from string to a number. 
   
   This PR additionally fixes NPE in `ApproximateHistogramBufferAggregator` 
when the input column has nulls. Finally, some sqlAggregator tests are 
refactored to use help functions in `BaseCalciteQueryTest`.
   
   <hr>
   
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   This PR has:
   - [x] been self-reviewed.
      - [ ] using the [concurrency 
checklist](https://github.com/apache/druid/blob/master/dev/code-review/concurrency.md)
 (Remove this item if the PR doesn't have any relation to concurrency.)
   - [ ] added documentation for new or modified features or behaviors.
   - [x] added Javadocs for most classes and all non-trivial methods. Linked 
related entities via Javadoc links.
   - [ ] added or updated version, license, or notice information in 
[licenses.yaml](https://github.com/apache/druid/blob/master/dev/license.md)
   - [ ] added comments explaining the "why" and the intent of the code 
wherever would not be obvious for an unfamiliar reader.
   - [x] added unit tests or modified existing tests to cover new code paths, 
ensuring the threshold for [code 
coverage](https://github.com/apache/druid/blob/master/dev/code-review/code-coverage.md)
 is met.
   - [ ] added integration tests.
   - [ ] been tested in a test Druid cluster.
   


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