gianm opened a new pull request #11831:
URL: https://github.com/apache/druid/pull/11831


   This has been possible in the native query system for a while, but the 
capability
   hasn't yet propagated into the SQL layer. One example of where this is 
useful is
   a query like:
   
   ```
     SELECT * FROM (... LIMIT X) WHERE <filter>
   ```
   
   Because this expands the kinds of subquery structures the SQL layer will 
consider,
   it was also necessary to improve the cost calculations. These changes appear 
in
   PartialDruidQuery and DruidOuterQueryRel. The ideas are:
   
   - Attach per-column penalties to the output signature of each query, instead 
of to
     the initial projection that starts a query. This encourages moving 
projections
     into subqueries instead of leaving them on outer queries.
   - Only attach penalties to projections if there are actually expressions 
happening.
     So, now, projections that simply reorder or remove fields are free.
   - Attach a constant penalty to every outer query. This discourages creating 
them
     when they are not needed.
   
   The changes are generally beneficial to the test cases we have in 
CalciteQueryTest.
   Most plans are unchanged, or are changed in purely cosmetic ways. Two have 
changed
   for the better:
   
   - testUsingSubqueryWithLimit now returns a constant from the subquery, 
instead of
     returning every column.
   - testJoinOuterGroupByAndSubqueryHasLimit returns a minimal set of columns 
from
     the innermost subquery; two unnecessary columns are no longer there.


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