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+<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; 
charset=iso-8859-1"><title>Apache Tomcat Architecture - Startup</title><meta 
content="Yoav Shapira" name="author"><style media="print" type="text/css">
+                       .noPrint {display: none;}
+                       td#mainBody {width: 100%;}
+               </style></head><body vlink="#525D76" alink="#525D76" 
link="#525D76" text="#000000" bgcolor="#ffffff"><table cellspacing="0" 
width="100%" border="0"><!--PAGE HEADER--><tr><td><!--PROJECT LOGO--><a 
href="http://tomcat.apache.org/";><img border="0" alt="
+      The Apache Tomcat Servlet/JSP Container
+    " align="right" src="../images/tomcat.gif"></a></td><td><h1><font 
face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">Apache Tomcat 
6.0</font></h1></td><td><!--APACHE LOGO--><a href="http://www.apache.org/";><img 
border="0" alt="Apache Logo" align="right" 
src="../images/asf-logo.gif"></a></td></tr></table><table cellspacing="4" 
width="100%" border="0"><!--HEADER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr size="1" 
noshade></td></tr><tr><!--LEFT SIDE NAVIGATION--><td class="noPrint" nowrap 
valign="top" width="20%"><p><strong>Links</strong></p><ul><li><a 
href="../index.html">Docs 
Home</a></li></ul><p><strong>Contents</strong></p><ul><li><a 
href="index.html">Contents</a></li><li><a 
href="overview.html">Overview</a></li><li><a href="startup.html">Server 
Startup</a></li><li><a href="requestProcess.html">Request 
Process</a></li></ul></td><!--RIGHT SIDE MAIN BODY--><td id="mainBody" 
align="left" valign="top" width="80%"><h1>Apache Tomcat 
Architecture</h1><h2>Startup</h2><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" borde
 r="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" 
color="#ffffff"><a name="Server Startup"><!--()--></a><a 
name="Server_Startup"><strong>Server 
Startup</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+
+<p>
+This page describes how the Tomcat server starts up.  There are several
+different ways to start tomcat, including:
+<ul>
+  <li>From the command line.</li>
+  <li>From a Java program as an embedded server.</li>
+  <li>Automatically as a Windows service.</li>
+</ul>
+</p>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td 
bgcolor="#828DA6"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a 
name="description"><strong>description</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+<p>
+A text description of the startup procedure is available
+<a href="startup/serverStartup.txt">here.</a>
+</p>
+</blockquote></td></tr></table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td 
bgcolor="#828DA6"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a 
name="diagram"><strong>diagram</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+<p>
+A UML sequence diagram of the startup procedure is available
+<a href="startup/serverStartup.pdf">here.</a>
+</p>
+</blockquote></td></tr></table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td 
bgcolor="#828DA6"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a 
name="comments"><strong>comments</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+<p>
+The startup process can be customized in many ways, both
+by modifying Tomcat code and by implementing your own
+LifecycleListeners which are then registered in the server.xml
+configuration file.
+</p>
+
+</blockquote></td></tr></table>
+
+</blockquote></td></tr></table></td></tr><!--FOOTER SEPARATOR--><tr><td 
colspan="2"><hr size="1" noshade></td></tr><!--PAGE FOOTER--><tr><td 
colspan="2"><div align="center"><font size="-1" color="#525D76"><em>
+        Copyright &copy; 1999-2010, Apache Software Foundation
+        </em></font></div></td></tr></table></body></html>
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+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+
+Tomcat 5 Startup Sequence
+
+Sequence 1. Start from Command Line
+Class: org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
+What it does:
+       a) Set up classloaders 
+               commonLoader (common)-> System Loader
+               sharedLoader (shared)-> commonLoader -> System Loader
+               catalinaLoader(server) -> commonLoader -> System Loader
+       b) Load startup class (reflection)
+               org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina
+               setParentClassloader -> sharedLoader
+               Thread.contextClassloader -> catalinaLoader
+       c) Bootstrap.daemon.init() complete
+       
+Sequence 2. Process command line argument (start, startd, stop, stopd)
+Class: org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap (assume command->start)
+What it does: 
+       a) Catalina.setAwait(true);
+       b) Catalina.load()
+               b1) initDirs() -> set properties like 
+                                 catalina.home
+                                 catalina.base == catalina.home (most cases)
+               b2) initNaming
+                       
setProperty(javax.naming.Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,
+                                   
org.apache.naming.java.javaURLContextFactory ->default)
+               b3) createStartDigester() 
+                       Configures a digester for the main server.xml elements 
like
+                       org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer (can change of 
course :)
+                       org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResources
+                               Stores naming resources in the J2EE JNDI tree
+                       org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener
+                               implements events for start/stop of major 
components
+                       org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService
+                               The single entry for a set of connectors,
+                               so that a container can listen to multiple 
connectors
+                               ie, single entry
+                       org.apache.coyote.tomcat5.CoyoteConnector
+                               Connectors to listen for incoming requests only
+                       It also adds the following rulesets to the digester
+                               NamingRuleSet
+                               EngineRuleSet
+                               HostRuleSet
+                               ContextRuleSet
+               b4) Load the server.xml and parse it using the digester
+                   Parsing the server.xml using the digester is an automatic
+                   XML-object mapping tool, that will create the objects 
defined in server.xml
+                   Startup of the actual container has not started yet.
+               b5) Assigns System.out and System.err to the SystemLogHandler 
class
+               b6) Calls initialize on all components, this makes each object 
register itself with the 
+                   JMX agent.
+                   During the process call the Connectors also initialize the 
adapters.
+                   The adapters are the components that do the request 
pre-processing.
+                   Typical adapters are HTTP1.1 (default if no protocol is 
specified,
+                   org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol)
+                   AJP1.3 for mod_jk etc.
+
+       c) Catalina.start()
+               c1) Starts the NamingContext and binds all JNDI references into 
it
+               c2) Starts the services under <Server> which are:
+                       StandardService -> starts Engine (ContainerBase 
->Logger,Loader,Realm,Cluster etc)
+               c3) StandardHost (started by the service)
+                               Configures a ErrorReportValvem to do proper 
HTML output for different HTTP 
+                               errors codes
+                               Starts the Valves in the pipeline (at least the 
ErrorReportValve)
+                               Configures the StandardHostValve, 
+                                       this valves ties the Webapp Class 
loader to the thread context
+                                       it also finds the session for the 
request
+                                       and invokes the context pipeline
+                               Starts the HostConfig component
+                                       This component deploys all the webapps
+                                               (webapps & 
conf/Catalina/localhost/*.xml)
+                                       Webapps are installed using the 
deployer (StandardHostDeployer)
+                                       The deployer will create a Digester for 
your context, this digester
+                                       will then invoke ContextConfig.start()
+                                               The ContextConfig.start() will 
process the default web.xml (conf/web.xml)
+                                               and then process the 
applications web.xml (WEB-INF/web.xml)
+                                               
+               c4) During the lifetime of the container (StandardEngine) there 
is a background thread that 
+                   keeps checking if the context has changed. If a context 
changes (timestamp of war file, 
+                   context xml file, web.xml) then a reload is issued 
(stop/remove/deploy/start)
+                   
+       d) Tomcat receives a request on an HTTP port
+           d1) The request is received by a separate thread which is waiting 
in the PoolTcpEndPoint 
+                class. It is waiting for a request in a regular 
ServerSocket.accept() method.
+                When a request is received, this thread wakes up.
+           d2) The PoolTcpEndPoint assigns the a TcpConnection to handle the 
request. 
+               It also supplies a JMX object name to the catalina container 
(not used I believe)
+           d3) The processor to handle the request in this case is Coyote 
Http11Processor, 
+               and the process method is invoked.
+               This same processor is also continuing to check the input 
stream of the socket
+               until the keep alive point is reached or the connection is 
disconnected.
+           d4) The HTTP request is parsed using an internal buffer class 
(Coyote Http11 Internal Buffer)
+               The buffer class parses the request line, the headers, etc and 
store the result in a 
+               Coyote request (not an HTTP request) This request contains all 
the HTTP info, such
+               as servername, port, scheme, etc.
+           d5) The processor contains a reference to an Adapter, in this case 
it is the 
+               Coyote Tomcat 5 Adapter. Once the request has been parsed, the 
Http11 processor
+               invokes service() on the adapter. In the service method, the 
Request contains a 
+               CoyoteRequest and CoyoteRespons (null for the first time)
+               The CoyoteRequest(Response) implements HttpRequest(Response) 
and HttpServletRequest(Response)
+               The adapter parses and associates everything with the request, 
cookies, the context through a 
+               Mapper, etc
+           d6) When the parsing is finished, the CoyoteAdapter invokes its 
container (StandardEngine)
+               and invokes the invoke(request,response) method.
+               This initiates the HTTP request into the Catalina container 
starting at the engine level
+           d7) The StandardEngine.invoke() simply invokes the container 
pipeline.invoke()
+           d8) By default the engine only has one valve the 
StandardEngineValve, this valve simply
+               invokes the invoke() method on the Host pipeline 
(StandardHost.getPipeLine())
+           d9) the StandardHost has two valves by default, the 
StandardHostValve and the ErrorReportValve
+           d10) The standard host valve associates the correct class loader 
with the current thread
+                It also retrieves the Manager and the session associated with 
the request (if there is one)
+                If there is a session access() is called to keep the session 
alive
+           d11) After that the StandardHostValve invokes the pipeline on the 
context associated
+                with the request.
+           d12) The first valve that gets invoked by the Context pipeline is 
the FormAuthenticator
+                valve. Then the StandardContextValve gets invoke.
+                The StandardContextValve invokes any context listeners 
associated with the context.
+                Next it invokes the pipeline on the Wrapper component 
(StandardWrapperValve)
+           d13) During the invocation of the StandardWrapperValve, the JSP 
wrapper (Jasper) gets invoked
+                This results in the actual compilation of the JSP.
+                And then invokes the actual servlet.
+       e) Invocation of the servlet class

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+<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; 
charset=iso-8859-1"><title>Apache Tomcat 6.0 - Load Balancer 
HOW-TO</title><meta content="Yoav Shapira" name="author"><meta content="Remy 
Maucherat" name="author"><meta content="Andy Oliver" name="author"><style 
media="print" type="text/css">
+                       .noPrint {display: none;}
+                       td#mainBody {width: 100%;}
+               </style></head><body vlink="#525D76" alink="#525D76" 
link="#525D76" text="#000000" bgcolor="#ffffff"><table cellspacing="0" 
width="100%" border="0"><!--PAGE HEADER--><tr><td><!--PROJECT LOGO--><a 
href="http://tomcat.apache.org/";><img border="0" alt="
+      The Apache Tomcat Servlet/JSP Container
+    " align="right" src="./images/tomcat.gif"></a></td><td><h1><font 
face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">Apache Tomcat 
6.0</font></h1></td><td><!--APACHE LOGO--><a href="http://www.apache.org/";><img 
border="0" alt="Apache Logo" align="right" 
src="./images/asf-logo.gif"></a></td></tr></table><table cellspacing="4" 
width="100%" border="0"><!--HEADER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr size="1" 
noshade></td></tr><tr><!--LEFT SIDE NAVIGATION--><td class="noPrint" nowrap 
valign="top" width="20%"><p><strong>Links</strong></p><ul><li><a 
href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a 
href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ";>FAQ</a></li></ul><p><strong>User 
Guide</strong></p><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) 
Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a 
href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a 
href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a 
href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">6) 
Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a hr
 ef="security-manager-howto.html">7) Security Manager</a></li><li><a 
href="jndi-resources-howto.html">8) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a 
href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">9) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a 
href="class-loader-howto.html">10) Classloading</a></li><li><a 
href="jasper-howto.html">11) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">12) 
SSL</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">13) SSI</a></li><li><a 
href="cgi-howto.html">14) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">15) Proxy 
Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptor-howto.html">16) MBean 
Descriptor</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">17) Default 
Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">18) Clustering</a></li><li><a 
href="balancer-howto.html">19) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a 
href="connectors.html">20) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">21) 
Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">22) 
Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">23) APR/Native</a></li><li><a 
href="virtual-ho
 sting-howto.html">24) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">25) 
Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="extras.html">26) Additional 
Components</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) 
Mavenized</a></li></ul><p><strong>Reference</strong></p><ul><li><a 
href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a 
href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a 
href="api/index.html">Javadocs</a></li><li><a 
href="http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/";>JK 1.2 
Documentation</a></li></ul><p><strong>Apache Tomcat 
Development</strong></p><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a 
href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a 
href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions";>Status</a></li><li><a 
href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a 
href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a 
href="funcspecs/index.html">Functional Specs.</a></li></ul></td><!--RIGHT SIDE 
MAIN BODY--><td id="mainBody" align="left" valign="top" width="80%"><h1>Apache 
Tomcat 6.0</h1>
 <h2>Load Balancer HOW-TO</h2><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" 
border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" 
color="#ffffff"><a name="Table of Contents"><!--()--></a><a 
name="Table_of_Contents"><strong>Table of 
Contents</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+<ul><li><a href="#Using_the_JK_1.2.x_native_connector">Using the JK 1.2.x 
native connector</a></li><li><a 
href="#Using_Apache_HTTP_Server_2.x_with_mod_proxy">Using Apache HTTP Server 
2.x with mod_proxy</a></li></ul>
+</blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" 
border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" 
color="#ffffff"><a name="Using the JK 1.2.x native connector"><!--()--></a><a 
name="Using_the_JK_1.2.x_native_connector"><strong>Using the JK 1.2.x native 
connector</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+
+Please refer to the JK 1.2.x documentation.
+
+</blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" 
border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" 
color="#ffffff"><a name="Using Apache HTTP Server 2.x with 
mod_proxy"><!--()--></a><a 
name="Using_Apache_HTTP_Server_2.x_with_mod_proxy"><strong>Using Apache HTTP 
Server 2.x with mod_proxy</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+
+Please refer to the mod_proxy documentation for Apache HTTP Server 2.2. This 
supports either
+HTTP or AJP load balancing. This new version of mod_proxy is also usable with
+Apache HTTP Server 2.0, but mod_proxy will have to be compiled separately 
using the code
+from Apache HTTP Server 2.2.
+
+</blockquote></td></tr></table></td></tr><!--FOOTER SEPARATOR--><tr><td 
colspan="2"><hr size="1" noshade></td></tr><!--PAGE FOOTER--><tr><td 
colspan="2"><div align="center"><font size="-1" color="#525D76"><em>
+        Copyright &copy; 1999-2010, Apache Software Foundation
+        </em></font></div></td></tr></table></body></html>
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+<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; 
charset=iso-8859-1"><title>Apache Tomcat 6.0 - Building Tomcat</title><meta 
content="Remy Maucherat" name="author"><style media="print" type="text/css">
+                       .noPrint {display: none;}
+                       td#mainBody {width: 100%;}
+               </style></head><body vlink="#525D76" alink="#525D76" 
link="#525D76" text="#000000" bgcolor="#ffffff"><table cellspacing="0" 
width="100%" border="0"><!--PAGE HEADER--><tr><td><!--PROJECT LOGO--><a 
href="http://tomcat.apache.org/";><img border="0" alt="
+      The Apache Tomcat Servlet/JSP Container
+    " align="right" src="./images/tomcat.gif"></a></td><td><h1><font 
face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">Apache Tomcat 
6.0</font></h1></td><td><!--APACHE LOGO--><a href="http://www.apache.org/";><img 
border="0" alt="Apache Logo" align="right" 
src="./images/asf-logo.gif"></a></td></tr></table><table cellspacing="4" 
width="100%" border="0"><!--HEADER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr size="1" 
noshade></td></tr><tr><!--LEFT SIDE NAVIGATION--><td class="noPrint" nowrap 
valign="top" width="20%"><p><strong>Links</strong></p><ul><li><a 
href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a 
href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ";>FAQ</a></li></ul><p><strong>User 
Guide</strong></p><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) 
Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a 
href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a 
href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a 
href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">6) 
Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a hr
 ef="security-manager-howto.html">7) Security Manager</a></li><li><a 
href="jndi-resources-howto.html">8) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a 
href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">9) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a 
href="class-loader-howto.html">10) Classloading</a></li><li><a 
href="jasper-howto.html">11) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">12) 
SSL</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">13) SSI</a></li><li><a 
href="cgi-howto.html">14) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">15) Proxy 
Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptor-howto.html">16) MBean 
Descriptor</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">17) Default 
Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">18) Clustering</a></li><li><a 
href="balancer-howto.html">19) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a 
href="connectors.html">20) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">21) 
Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">22) 
Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">23) APR/Native</a></li><li><a 
href="virtual-ho
 sting-howto.html">24) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">25) 
Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="extras.html">26) Additional 
Components</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) 
Mavenized</a></li></ul><p><strong>Reference</strong></p><ul><li><a 
href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a 
href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a 
href="api/index.html">Javadocs</a></li><li><a 
href="http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/";>JK 1.2 
Documentation</a></li></ul><p><strong>Apache Tomcat 
Development</strong></p><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a 
href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a 
href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions";>Status</a></li><li><a 
href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a 
href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a 
href="funcspecs/index.html">Functional Specs.</a></li></ul></td><!--RIGHT SIDE 
MAIN BODY--><td id="mainBody" align="left" valign="top" width="80%"><h1>Apache 
Tomcat 6.0</h1>
 <h2>Building Tomcat</h2><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" 
border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" 
color="#ffffff"><a name="Table of Contents"><!--()--></a><a 
name="Table_of_Contents"><strong>Table of 
Contents</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a 
href="#Download_a_Java_Development_Kit_(JDK)_release_(version_1.5.x_or_later)">Download
 a Java Development Kit (JDK) release (version 1.5.x or later)</a></li><li><a 
href="#Install_Apache_Ant_1.6.5_or_later">Install Apache Ant 1.6.5 or 
later</a></li><li><a 
href="#Checkout_or_obtain_the_source_code_for_Tomcat_6.0">Checkout or obtain 
the source code for Tomcat 6.0</a></li><li><a href="#Building_Tomcat">Building 
Tomcat</a></li><li><a href="#Building_with_Eclipse">Building with 
Eclipse</a></li><li><a href="#Building_with_other_IDEs">Building with other 
IDEs</a></li></ul>
+</blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" 
border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" 
color="#ffffff"><a 
name="Introduction"><strong>Introduction</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+
+<p>
+Building Apache Tomcat from SVN is very easy, and is the first step to 
contributing to
+Tomcat. The following is a step by step TODO list.
+</p>
+
+</blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" 
border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" 
color="#ffffff"><a name="Download a Java Development Kit (JDK) release (version 
1.5.x or later)"><!--()--></a><a 
name="Download_a_Java_Development_Kit_(JDK)_release_(version_1.5.x_or_later)"><strong>Download
 a Java Development Kit (JDK) release (version 1.5.x or 
later)</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+
+<p>
+The Sun JDK can be downloaded <a href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/";>here</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<b>IMPORTANT</b>: Set an environment variable JAVA_HOME to the pathname of the 
+directory into which you installed the JDK release.
+</p>
+
+</blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" 
border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" 
color="#ffffff"><a name="Install Apache Ant 1.6.5 or later"><!--()--></a><a 
name="Install_Apache_Ant_1.6.5_or_later"><strong>Install Apache Ant 1.6.5 or 
later</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+
+<p>
+Download a binary distribution of Ant 1.6.5 or later from 
+<a href="http://ant.apache.org/bindownload.cgi";>here</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Unpack the binary distribution into a convenient location so that the
+Ant release resides in its own directory (conventionally named
+"apache-ant-1.6.x").  For the purposes of the remainder of this document,
+the symbolic name "${ant.home}" is used to refer to the full pathname of
+ the release directory.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Create an ANT_HOME environment variable to point the directory ${ant.home}, 
+and modify the PATH environment variable to include directory
+"${ant.home}/bin" in its list.  This makes the "ant" command line script
+available, which will be used to actually perform the build.
+</p>
+
+</blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" 
border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" 
color="#ffffff"><a name="Checkout or obtain the source code for Tomcat 
6.0"><!--()--></a><a 
name="Checkout_or_obtain_the_source_code_for_Tomcat_6.0"><strong>Checkout or 
obtain the source code for Tomcat 
6.0</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+
+  <p>
+  Tomcat SVN repository URL:
+  <code>http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/tomcat/tc6.0.x/</code>
+  </p>
+  
+  <p>
+  Download a source package from:
+  <code>http://tomcat.apache.org/download-60.cgi</code>
+  </p>
+  
+  <p>
+  Checkout the source using SVN, selecting the desired version or
+  branch (current development source is at 
+  <code>http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/tomcat/tc6.0.x/trunk/</code>), or 
+  unpack the source package. The location where the source has been
+  placed will be referred as ${tomcat.source}.
+  </p>
+
+</blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" 
border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" 
color="#ffffff"><a name="Building Tomcat"><!--()--></a><a 
name="Building_Tomcat"><strong>Building 
Tomcat</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+
+<p>
+Use the following commands:
+<code><br>
+    cd ${tomcat.source}<br>
+    ant download<br>
+    ant<br>
+</code>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+NOTE: Users accessing the Internet through a proxy must use a properties
+  file to indicate to Ant the proxy configuration. Read below.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+WARNING: Running this command will download binaries to the 
+  <code>/usr/share/java</code> directory. 
+  Make sure this is appropriate to do so on your computer. On Windows, 
+  this usually corresponds to the <code>C:\usr\share\java</code> directory, 
+  unless Cygwin is used. Read below to customize the directory used 
+  to download the binaries.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The build can be controlled by creating a ${tomcat.source}/build.properties
+  file, and adding the following content to it:
+<code><br>
+    # ----- Proxy setup -----<br>
+    # Uncomment if using a proxy server.<br>
+    #proxy.host=proxy.domain<br>
+    #proxy.port=8080<br>
+    #proxy.use=on<br>
+<br>
+    # ----- Default Base Path for Dependent Packages -----<br>
+    # Replace this path with the directory path where<br>
+    # dependencies binaries should be downloaded.<br>
+    base.path=/usr/share/java<br>
+</code>
+</p>
+
+</blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" 
border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" 
color="#ffffff"><a name="Building with Eclipse"><!--()--></a><a 
name="Building_with_Eclipse"><strong>Building with 
Eclipse</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+
+<p>
+<b>Important:</b>
+This is not a supported means of building Tomcat; this information is
+provided without warranty :-).
+The only supported means of building Tomcat is with the "ant build"
+described above.
+However, some developers like to work on Java code with a Java IDE,
+and the following steps have been used by some developers.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Note that you <b>must</b> complete all the above steps to fetch
+the repositories and build some JAR files the first time.
+After you have completed the above steps, you can set up a
+series of Eclipse 4 projects.
+<b>Note</b> that this will not let you build everything under Eclipse;
+the build process requires use of Ant for the many stages that aren't
+simple Java compilations.
+However, it will allow you to view and edit the Java code,
+get warnings, reformat code, perform refactorings, run Tomcat
+under the IDE, and so on.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Use Windows-&gt;Preferences and then Java-&gt;Build Path-&gt;Classpath
+Variables to add two new Classpath variables:
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<table border="1">
+ <tr><td>TOMCAT_LIBS_BASE</td><td>the base path where the binary dependencies 
have been downloaded</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>ANT_HOME</td><td>the base path of Ant 1.6.2 or later</td></tr>
+</table>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Use File-&gt;Import and chose "Existing Projects into Workspace".
+From there import the root directory where you have checked out tomcat.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Eclipse .project and .classpath files are provided in to root directory of 
tomcat repository
+should allow Eclipse to find all source trees and jars, and
+hopefully compile without problems. <b>Note</b> that these
+files assume you are using Eclipse with a 5.0 or later JDK; also, the
+connectors module must be built with a compiler compliance level of 5.0.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+To run Tomcat without a special IDE plug-in, you can simply use Run-&gt;Run...
+enter "org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina" as the main class,
+"start" as program arguments, and
+"-Dcatalina.home=..." (with the name of your build directory) 
+as VM arguments.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Note also that due to the way the Tomcat source is assembled
+from several SVN projects, you may not be able to use the Eclipse
+SVN client to update (nor to commit, if you are a committer).
+Use the external SVN client of your choice, then use the
+Eclipse PackageExplorer or Navigator "Refresh" context menu item
+to tell Eclipse that you've updated the files.
+</p>
+
+</blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" 
border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" 
color="#ffffff"><a name="Building with other IDEs"><!--()--></a><a 
name="Building_with_other_IDEs"><strong>Building with other 
IDEs</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+<p>
+The same caveats apply as for Eclipse, above.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The same general idea should work in most IDEs; it has been reported
+to work in Idea, for example.
+</p>
+
+</blockquote></td></tr></table></td></tr><!--FOOTER SEPARATOR--><tr><td 
colspan="2"><hr size="1" noshade></td></tr><!--PAGE FOOTER--><tr><td 
colspan="2"><div align="center"><font size="-1" color="#525D76"><em>
+        Copyright &copy; 1999-2010, Apache Software Foundation
+        </em></font></div></td></tr></table></body></html>
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http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/flex-blazeds/blob/5be16a28/attic/servers/apache-tomcat-6.0.29/webapps/docs/cgi-howto.html
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+<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; 
charset=iso-8859-1"><title>Apache Tomcat 6.0 - CGI How To</title><meta 
content="Glenn L. Nielsen" name="author"><style media="print" type="text/css">
+                       .noPrint {display: none;}
+                       td#mainBody {width: 100%;}
+               </style></head><body vlink="#525D76" alink="#525D76" 
link="#525D76" text="#000000" bgcolor="#ffffff"><table cellspacing="0" 
width="100%" border="0"><!--PAGE HEADER--><tr><td><!--PROJECT LOGO--><a 
href="http://tomcat.apache.org/";><img border="0" alt="
+      The Apache Tomcat Servlet/JSP Container
+    " align="right" src="./images/tomcat.gif"></a></td><td><h1><font 
face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">Apache Tomcat 
6.0</font></h1></td><td><!--APACHE LOGO--><a href="http://www.apache.org/";><img 
border="0" alt="Apache Logo" align="right" 
src="./images/asf-logo.gif"></a></td></tr></table><table cellspacing="4" 
width="100%" border="0"><!--HEADER SEPARATOR--><tr><td colspan="2"><hr size="1" 
noshade></td></tr><tr><!--LEFT SIDE NAVIGATION--><td class="noPrint" nowrap 
valign="top" width="20%"><p><strong>Links</strong></p><ul><li><a 
href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a 
href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ";>FAQ</a></li></ul><p><strong>User 
Guide</strong></p><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) 
Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a 
href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a 
href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a 
href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">6) 
Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a hr
 ef="security-manager-howto.html">7) Security Manager</a></li><li><a 
href="jndi-resources-howto.html">8) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a 
href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">9) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a 
href="class-loader-howto.html">10) Classloading</a></li><li><a 
href="jasper-howto.html">11) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">12) 
SSL</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">13) SSI</a></li><li><a 
href="cgi-howto.html">14) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">15) Proxy 
Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptor-howto.html">16) MBean 
Descriptor</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">17) Default 
Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">18) Clustering</a></li><li><a 
href="balancer-howto.html">19) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a 
href="connectors.html">20) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">21) 
Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">22) 
Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">23) APR/Native</a></li><li><a 
href="virtual-ho
 sting-howto.html">24) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">25) 
Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="extras.html">26) Additional 
Components</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) 
Mavenized</a></li></ul><p><strong>Reference</strong></p><ul><li><a 
href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a 
href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a 
href="api/index.html">Javadocs</a></li><li><a 
href="http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/";>JK 1.2 
Documentation</a></li></ul><p><strong>Apache Tomcat 
Development</strong></p><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a 
href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a 
href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions";>Status</a></li><li><a 
href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a 
href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a 
href="funcspecs/index.html">Functional Specs.</a></li></ul></td><!--RIGHT SIDE 
MAIN BODY--><td id="mainBody" align="left" valign="top" width="80%"><h1>Apache 
Tomcat 6.0</h1>
 <h2>CGI How To</h2><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td 
bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" color="#ffffff"><a 
name="Table of Contents"><!--()--></a><a name="Table_of_Contents"><strong>Table 
of Contents</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a 
href="#Installation">Installation</a></li><li><a 
href="#Configuration">Configuration</a></li></ul>
+</blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" 
border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" 
color="#ffffff"><a 
name="Introduction"><strong>Introduction</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+
+<p>The CGI (Common Gateway Interface) defines a way for a web server to
+interact with external content-generating programs, which are often
+referred to as CGI programs or CGI scripts.
+</p>
+
+<p>Within Tomcat, CGI support can be added when you are using Tomcat as your
+HTTP server and require CGI support.  Typically this is done
+during development when you don't want to run a web server like 
+Apache httpd.
+Tomcat's CGI support is largely compatible with Apache httpd's, 
+but there are some limitations (e.g., only one cgi-bin directory).
+</p>
+
+<p>CGI support is implemented using the servlet class
+<code>org.apache.catalina.servlets.CGIServlet</code>.  Traditionally,
+this servlet is mapped to the URL pattern "/cgi-bin/*".</p>
+
+<p>By default CGI support is disabled in Tomcat.</p>
+</blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" 
border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" 
color="#ffffff"><a 
name="Installation"><strong>Installation</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+
+<p><strong>CAUTION</strong> - CGI scripts are used to execute programs
+external to the Tomcat JVM. If you are using the Java SecurityManager this
+will bypass your security policy configuration in 
<code>catalina.policy.</code></p>
+
+<p>Remove the XML comments from around the CGI servlet and servlet-mapping
+configuration in <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/web.xml</code>.</p>
+
+<p>Only Contexts which are marked as privileged may use the CGI servlet (see 
the
+privileged property of the Context element).</p>
+
+</blockquote></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" 
border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#525D76"><font face="arial,helvetica.sanserif" 
color="#ffffff"><a 
name="Configuration"><strong>Configuration</strong></a></font></td></tr><tr><td><blockquote>
+
+<p>There are several servlet init parameters which can be used to
+configure the behaviour of the CGI servlet.
+<ul>
+<li><strong>cgiPathPrefix</strong> - The CGI search path will start at
+the web application root directory + File.separator + this prefix.
+The default cgiPathPrefix is <code>WEB-INF/cgi</code></li>
+<li><strong>debug</strong> - Debugging detail level for messages logged
+by this servlet. Default 0.</li>
+<li><strong>executable</strong> - The of the executable to be used to
+run the script. Default is <code>perl</code>.</li>
+<li><strong>parameterEncoding</strong> - Name of the parameter encoding
+to be used with the GCI servlet. Default is
+<code>System.getProperty("file.encoding","UTF-8")</code>.</li>
+<li><strong>passShellEnvironment</strong> - Should the shell environment
+variables (if any) be passed to the CGI script? Default is
+<code>false</code>.</li>
+<li><strong>stderrTimeout</strong> - The time (in milliseconds) to wait for
+the reading of stderr to complete before terminating the CGI process. Default
+is 2000.</li>
+</ul>
+</p>
+
+</blockquote></td></tr></table></td></tr><!--FOOTER SEPARATOR--><tr><td 
colspan="2"><hr size="1" noshade></td></tr><!--PAGE FOOTER--><tr><td 
colspan="2"><div align="center"><font size="-1" color="#525D76"><em>
+        Copyright &copy; 1999-2010, Apache Software Foundation
+        </em></font></div></td></tr></table></body></html>
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