Copilot commented on code in PR #12388:
URL: https://github.com/apache/gluten/pull/12388#discussion_r3554095748


##########
.github/workflows/delta_spark_ut.yml:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# Runs Delta Lake's `spark` sbt module unit tests against a Gluten Velox bundle
+# that is built from the source in this repository. The pipeline:
+#
+#   1. Builds the Velox/Gluten native libraries (centos-7 + vcpkg, x86_64).
+#   2. Builds the Gluten Java/Scala jars and assembles the
+#      `gluten-velox-bundle-spark<spark>_<scala>-linux_amd64-<version>.jar`
+#      fat jar for Spark 4.1 + Scala 2.13 + Java 17 with the Delta profile.
+#   3. Clones delta-io/delta at the requested release tag (default `v4.2.0`),
+#      drops the bundle jar into `spark-unified/lib/` only (NOT `spark/lib/`
+#      -- see setup-delta.sh for the unmanagedJars scoping rationale),
+#      patches Delta's `DeltaSQLCommandTest` to register the Gluten plugin,
+#      and runs `sbt spark/test` sharded across the matrix.
+#
+# Limited to Velox + x86 to keep the matrix simple, per the pipeline's purpose
+# of validating Gluten changes against the latest Delta release.
+
+name: Delta Spark UT (Gluten)
+
+on:
+  # Reusable workflow. velox_backend_x86.yml calls this (gated on 
Delta-relevant
+  # changes) and passes the native-lib artifact it already built, so the 
expensive
+  # native C++ build is NOT duplicated. That artifact lives in the CALLER's 
run (a
+  # called workflow runs as part of the caller run), so the jobs below 
download it
+  # by name. See velox_backend_x86.yml `delta-spark-ut`.
+  #
+  # NOTE: the `pull_request` trigger was removed so this no longer runs as its 
own
+  # workflow on PRs (which would double-run the Delta suite). 
velox_backend_x86.yml
+  # is now the single PR entry point; `workflow_dispatch` keeps manual 
standalone
+  # runs working (those build the native lib themselves -- see 
build-native-lib).
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      native_lib_artifact:
+        description: 'Name of the cpp/build artifact uploaded by the caller'
+        type: string
+        required: true
+      delta_ref:
+        type: string
+        required: false
+        default: 'v4.2.0'
+      spark_version:
+        description: 'Spark version driving both the Gluten bundle profile 
(-Pspark-<v>) and Delta -DsparkVersion.'
+        type: string
+        required: false
+        default: '4.1'
+      test_parallelism:
+        type: string
+        required: false
+        default: '4'
+      update_baseline:
+        type: boolean
+        required: false
+        default: false
+      fail_on_fixed:
+        type: boolean
+        required: false
+        default: true
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      delta_ref:
+        description: 'delta-io/delta git ref (tag/branch/SHA) to test against'
+        required: true
+        default: 'v4.2.0'
+      spark_version:
+        description: 'Spark version: drives the Gluten bundle profile 
(-Pspark-<v>) and Delta -DsparkVersion together. Scala 2.13 + JDK 17 are 
assumed, so pair a non-4.1 value with a compatible delta_ref.'
+        required: true
+        default: '4.1'
+      test_parallelism:
+        description: 'Forked test JVMs per shard (TEST_PARALLELISM_COUNT)'
+        required: true
+        default: '4'
+      update_baseline:
+        description: 'Seed/refresh the known-failures baseline instead of 
enforcing it'
+        type: boolean
+        required: false
+        default: false
+      fail_on_fixed:
+        description: 'Fail when a baseline test now passes (keeps the baseline 
honest)'
+        type: boolean
+        required: false
+        default: true
+
+env:
+  ACTIONS_ALLOW_USE_UNSECURE_NODE_VERSION: true
+  MVN_CMD: 'build/mvn -ntp'
+  CCACHE_DIR: "${{ github.workspace }}/.ccache"

Review Comment:
   `ACTIONS_ALLOW_USE_UNSECURE_NODE_VERSION: true` weakens GitHub Actions’ 
safety checks by allowing deprecated Node runtimes for actions. This workflow 
only uses v4 actions (Node20) in the shown steps, so keeping this enabled 
increases blast radius without an evident need.



##########
.github/workflows/util/delta-spark-ut/compare-test-results.py:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,747 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Gate / seed / aggregate the Delta-on-Gluten unit test results.
+
+Running delta-io/delta's ScalaTest suite against the Gluten Velox bundle
+produces many *expected* failures (Gluten does not yet support every Delta
+code path). To keep the red/green signal meaningful while we fix those
+failures incrementally, we maintain a committed baseline of known failing
+tests (``known-failures.txt``) and compare each CI run against it.
+
+This script has three modes:
+
+``enforce`` (default, per shard)
+    Parse the JUnit XML produced by ``sbt spark/test`` (ScalaTest ``-u``
+    reporter) and compare against the baseline:
+
+      * regression -- a test that FAILED but is NOT in the baseline. These
+        fail the build: a previously-passing test just started failing.
+      * expected   -- a test that failed and IS in the baseline. Ignored.
+      * fixed      -- a baseline test that now PASSES. By default these also
+        fail the build (``--fail-on-fixed true``) so the baseline stays honest
+        and contributors remove entries as they fix them.
+
+    If the baseline file exists but is empty (not yet bootstrapped) the mode
+    automatically degrades to ``seed`` so the first run is never spuriously 
red.
+    A *missing* ``--known-failures`` file is treated as a configuration error
+    (the gate fails) so a mis-referenced path can't silently pass.
+
+``seed`` (bootstrap / ``update_baseline``)
+    Never fails. Just writes the current shard's failing tests so the baseline
+    can be (re)generated from a real run.
+
+``aggregate`` (final job)
+    Merge every shard's ``--failures-out`` / ``--ran-out`` file into a single,
+    sorted, ready-to-commit ``known-failures.txt`` and report stale baseline
+    entries (tests no longer present in any shard). Pass ``--expected-shards 
N``
+    to fail when fewer than ``N`` shards contributed gate lists (a shard that
+    died before writing them), so an incomplete baseline is never produced.
+
+Flaky quarantine (``--flaky-tests``)
+    Some Delta-on-Gluten failures are non-deterministic (e.g. a native bug that
+    only triggers on certain runtime plans), so they are neither a stable pass
+    nor a stable failure and cannot live in the baseline: baselining them turns
+    the gate red on every run where they pass, and leaving them out turns it 
red
+    on every run where they fail. ``flaky-tests.txt`` quarantines them -- a
+    quarantined test never counts as a regression (when it fails) nor as
+    now-passing (when it passes), and is excluded from the regenerated 
baseline.
+    Its SUITE is an fnmatch glob (so one line covers a root-cause family across
+    generated suite variants); its TEST name is matched exactly.
+
+Flaky quarantine by error signature (``--flaky-error-patterns``)
+    When a failure is caused by a known nondeterministic bug that surfaces on a
+    *different test each run* (e.g. the native Delta DV bitmap row-index 
error),
+    matching by test name is whack-a-mole. ``flaky-error-patterns.txt`` instead
+    quarantines by root cause: each line is a regex matched against a failed
+    test's <failure>/<error> text, and any failure that matches is treated as
+    flaky regardless of which test it landed on.
+
+Baseline file format (``known-failures.txt``)::
+
+    # comment lines start with '#'
+    <fully.qualified.SuiteName>#<test display name>
+
+The suite is always a JVM class name (dot-separated, never starts with '#'),
+so a line whose first non-space character is '#' is unambiguously a comment,
+and the FIRST '#' after the suite separates suite from the (possibly
+'#'-containing) test name.
+
+Only the Python standard library is used so the script runs in the bare
+centos image used by the Delta UT pipeline with no ``pip install``.
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import fnmatch
+import glob
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
+
+# Synthetic "test name" recorded when a whole suite aborts (e.g. beforeAll
+# throws) so that the JUnit XML reports a suite-level error with no per-test
+# <testcase>. Without this, a suite that used to pass but now aborts entirely
+# would record zero failing testcases and the regression would be missed.
+SUITE_ABORTED = "<suite aborted>"
+
+
+class NoReportsError(RuntimeError):
+    """Raised when no JUnit <testsuite> elements are found under 
reports_dir."""
+
+
+class CorruptReportError(NoReportsError):
+    """Raised when an expected JUnit report file (TEST-*.xml) fails to parse.
+
+    Subclasses NoReportsError so the enforce/seed handler treats a truncated
+    report as a hard data error (exit 2) instead of silently dropping the
+    suite's results and letting the gate pass on partial data.
+    """
+
+
+SEP = "#"
+
+
+def eprint(*args, **kwargs):
+    print(*args, file=sys.stderr, **kwargs)
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# Baseline (known-failures.txt) parsing / formatting
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+def format_entry(suite, test):
+    return "{}{}{}".format(suite, SEP, test)
+
+
+def parse_entry(line):
+    """Parse a 'suite#test' line into (suite, test) or return None for 
blanks/comments."""
+    stripped = line.strip()
+    if not stripped or stripped.startswith("#"):
+        return None
+    idx = stripped.find(SEP)
+    if idx < 0:
+        # No separator: treat the whole line as a suite-level entry.
+        return (stripped, SUITE_ABORTED)
+    return (stripped[:idx], stripped[idx + len(SEP) :])
+
+
+def load_entries(path):
+    """Load a set of (suite, test) tuples from a baseline/shard-list file."""
+    entries = set()
+    if not path or not os.path.exists(path):
+        return entries
+    with open(path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
+        for line in fh:
+            parsed = parse_entry(line)
+            if parsed is not None:
+                entries.add(parsed)
+    return entries
+
+
+def make_is_flaky(flaky_entries):
+    """Build a predicate that matches a (suite, test) tuple against flaky 
entries.
+
+    A flaky entry quarantines a test whose failure is known to be 
non-deterministic
+    (see flaky-tests.txt). The entry's SUITE is treated as an fnmatch glob so a
+    single line can cover a root-cause family across generated suite variants
+    (e.g. ``*DVs*Suite`` matches every deletion-vector merge suite, ``*`` 
matches
+    any suite); the TEST name is matched exactly (test names are freeform and 
may
+    contain glob metacharacters, so they are never globbed).
+    """
+    exact = set()
+    globbed = []
+    for suite, test in flaky_entries:
+        if any(ch in suite for ch in "*?["):
+            globbed.append((suite, test))
+        else:
+            exact.add((suite, test))
+
+    def is_flaky(entry):
+        if entry in exact:
+            return True
+        suite, test = entry
+        for glob_suite, glob_test in globbed:
+            if test == glob_test and fnmatch.fnmatchcase(suite, glob_suite):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    return is_flaky
+
+
+def load_patterns(path):
+    """Load flaky-error regex patterns from a file (one per line).
+
+    Blank lines and ``#`` comments are ignored. Each remaining line is compiled
+    as a case-sensitive regex. These match the FAILURE TEXT of a failed test
+    (its JUnit <failure>/<error> message + stack), so a test that fails with a
+    known-nondeterministic native error (e.g. the Delta DV bitmap row-index 
bug)
+    can be quarantined by root cause instead of by exact test name.
+    """
+    patterns = []
+    if not path or not os.path.exists(path):
+        return patterns
+    with open(path, encoding="utf-8") as fh:
+        for line in fh:
+            line = line.rstrip("\n")
+            if not line.strip() or line.lstrip().startswith("#"):
+                continue
+            patterns.append(re.compile(line))
+    return patterns
+
+
+def make_signature_matcher(patterns):
+    """Return a predicate matching a failure text against any flaky-error 
pattern."""
+
+    def matches(text):
+        if not text:
+            return False
+        return any(p.search(text) for p in patterns)
+
+    return matches
+
+
+def write_entries(path, entries, header=None):
+    """Write a sorted set of (suite, test) tuples to a file."""
+    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(path)) or ".", exist_ok=True)
+    with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
+        if header:
+            for hl in header.splitlines():
+                fh.write(hl.rstrip() + "\n")
+        for suite, test in sorted(entries):
+            # Defensive: collapse any stray newlines so each entry stays on 
one line.
+            safe_test = test.replace("\r", " ").replace("\n", " ")
+            fh.write(format_entry(suite, safe_test) + "\n")
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# JUnit XML parsing
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+def _iter_testsuites(root):
+    """Yield every <testsuite> element regardless of whether the file root is
+    <testsuites> (wrapper) or a single <testsuite>."""
+    tag = root.tag.split("}")[-1]  # strip any namespace
+    if tag == "testsuites":
+        for child in root:
+            if child.tag.split("}")[-1] == "testsuite":
+                yield child
+    elif tag == "testsuite":
+        yield root
+
+
+def _child_local_tags(elem):
+    return {c.tag.split("}")[-1] for c in elem}
+
+
+def _failure_text(tc):
+    """Concatenate the message attribute + body text of a testcase's
+    <failure>/<error> children, for error-signature matching."""
+    parts = []
+    for c in tc:
+        if c.tag.split("}")[-1] in ("failure", "error"):
+            msg = c.get("message")
+            if msg:
+                parts.append(msg)
+            if c.text:
+                parts.append(c.text)
+    return "\n".join(parts)
+
+
+def parse_reports(reports_dir):
+    """Walk reports_dir for JUnit XML and classify every test.
+
+    Returns (passed, failed, skipped, fail_texts). The first three are sets of
+    (suite, test) tuples; fail_texts maps each failed (suite, test) to its
+    combined <failure>/<error> message + stack text (used for error-signature
+    quarantine). A test is 'failed' if its <testcase> has a <failure> or 
<error>
+    child, 'skipped' if it has a <skipped> child, otherwise 'passed'. 
Suite-level
+    aborts (a <testsuite> reporting errors/failures with no failing <testcase>)
+    are recorded as a synthetic (suite, SUITE_ABORTED) failure.
+    """
+    passed, failed, skipped = set(), set(), set()
+    fail_texts = {}
+
+    xml_files = []
+    # ScalaTest's -u reporter and Maven surefire both write `TEST-<suite>.xml`
+    # under a `target/.../*-reports/` dir. Restrict the secondary glob to
+    # `target/` so we never parse Delta's own XML *test resources* (which live
+    # under src/test/resources and are not reports). The <testsuite>-root guard
+    # below is a final safety net.
+    for pattern in ("**/TEST-*.xml", "**/target/**/*.xml"):
+        xml_files.extend(glob.glob(os.path.join(reports_dir, pattern), 
recursive=True))
+    xml_files = sorted(set(xml_files))
+
+    parsed_any = False
+    for xml_file in xml_files:
+        try:
+            tree = ET.parse(xml_file)
+        except ET.ParseError as exc:
+            # A TEST-*.xml that fails to parse is almost always a report 
truncated
+            # when a forked test JVM was killed mid-write (e.g. OOM). Silently
+            # skipping it drops that suite's results and could let the gate go
+            # green on partial data, so fail hard for report files. Other XML 
that
+            # merely matched the broad `target/**` glob is still skipped.
+            if os.path.basename(xml_file).startswith("TEST-"):
+                raise CorruptReportError(
+                    "corrupt or truncated JUnit report {}: {}. Refusing to "
+                    "evaluate the gate on partial data.".format(xml_file, exc)
+                )
+            eprint("WARNING: could not parse {}: {}".format(xml_file, exc))
+            continue
+        root = tree.getroot()
+        root_tag = root.tag.split("}")[-1]
+        if root_tag not in ("testsuites", "testsuite"):
+            continue  # not a JUnit report
+
+        for ts in _iter_testsuites(root):
+            parsed_any = True
+            suite_name = ts.get("name") or ""
+            suite_has_failing_tc = False
+            for tc in ts:
+                if tc.tag.split("}")[-1] != "testcase":
+                    continue
+                suite = tc.get("classname") or suite_name
+                name = tc.get("name") or ""
+                key = (suite, name)
+                tags = _child_local_tags(tc)
+                if "failure" in tags or "error" in tags:
+                    failed.add(key)
+                    suite_has_failing_tc = True
+                    fail_texts[key] = _failure_text(tc)
+                elif "skipped" in tags:
+                    skipped.add(key)
+                else:
+                    passed.add(key)
+
+            # Suite-level abort: counters say something failed but no testcase
+            # carried the failure (the suite blew up in beforeAll/constructor).
+            # Record a
+            # synthetic entry so the regression is visible.
+            try:
+                errors = int(ts.get("errors", "0") or "0")
+                failures = int(ts.get("failures", "0") or "0")
+            except ValueError:
+                errors = failures = 0
+            if (errors + failures) > 0 and not suite_has_failing_tc:
+                failed.add((suite_name, SUITE_ABORTED))
+
+    if not parsed_any:
+        raise NoReportsError(
+            "No JUnit <testsuite> elements found under {}. The test reports 
are "
+            "missing or in an unexpected format -- refusing to evaluate the 
gate "
+            "on an empty result set (this would otherwise pass 
silently).".format(
+                reports_dir
+            )
+        )
+
+    # A test can't be both passed and failed; failure wins. Skipped only counts
+    # if the test was not otherwise seen (e.g. retried).
+    passed -= failed
+    skipped -= failed
+    skipped -= passed
+    return passed, failed, skipped, fail_texts
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# Reporting helpers
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+def _summary_sink():
+    """Return a writer that mirrors to GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY when available."""
+    path = os.environ.get("GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY")
+    handle = open(path, "a", encoding="utf-8") if path else None
+
+    def write(line=""):
+        print(line)
+        if handle:
+            handle.write(line + "\n")
+
+    return write, handle
+
+
+def _print_block(write, title, entries, limit=50):
+    write("")
+    write("### {} ({})".format(title, len(entries)))
+    if not entries:
+        return
+    write("")
+    write("```")
+    for i, (suite, test) in enumerate(sorted(entries)):
+        if i >= limit:
+            write("... and {} more".format(len(entries) - limit))
+            break
+        write(format_entry(suite, test))
+    write("```")
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# Modes
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+def run_enforce(args):
+    # In enforce mode a missing baseline file would make load_entries() return 
an
+    # empty set, silently degrading to seed mode and passing the gate without
+    # enforcing anything. Treat a missing path as a configuration error; an
+    # existing-but-empty file is still allowed (it legitimately seeds).
+    if args.mode == "enforce" and (
+        not args.known_failures or not os.path.exists(args.known_failures)
+    ):
+        eprint(
+            "ERROR: --known-failures '{}' does not exist. In enforce mode the "
+            "baseline file must exist (an existing-but-empty file is allowed 
and "
+            "triggers seed mode). Refusing to silently pass.".format(
+                args.known_failures
+            )
+        )
+        return 2
+    baseline = load_entries(args.known_failures)
+    name_flaky = make_is_flaky(load_entries(args.flaky_tests))
+    sig_matches = 
make_signature_matcher(load_patterns(args.flaky_error_patterns))
+    try:
+        passed, failed, skipped, fail_texts = parse_reports(args.reports_dir)
+    except NoReportsError as exc:
+        eprint("ERROR: {}".format(exc))
+        return 2
+
+    # A test is quarantined if its NAME is in flaky-tests.txt, or its failure
+    # TEXT matches a flaky-error signature (e.g. the native DV bitmap row-index
+    # bug that hits a different DV-merge test each run).
+    def sig_flaky(e):
+        return e in fail_texts and sig_matches(fail_texts[e])
+
+    def flaky_is(e):
+        return name_flaky(e) or sig_flaky(e)
+
+    # Always emit this shard's artifacts for the aggregation job. 
Signature-flaky
+    # failures are dropped from failures-out: the aggregate job works off these
+    # text-less lists and cannot re-derive the signature match, so excluding 
them
+    # here keeps the regenerated baseline from absorbing a flaky failure. Name-
+    # flaky entries stay (the aggregate re-filters them via flaky-tests.txt).
+    if args.failures_out:
+        write_entries(args.failures_out, {e for e in failed if not 
sig_flaky(e)})
+    if args.ran_out:
+        write_entries(args.ran_out, passed | failed)
+
+    write, handle = _summary_sink()
+    try:
+        seeding = args.mode == "seed" or not baseline
+        if seeding and args.mode != "seed":
+            write(
+                "> NOTE: baseline `{}` is empty -- running in SEED mode "
+                "(no failures will be enforced). Bootstrap the baseline from "
+                "the aggregated artifact, commit it, then enforcement 
begins.".format(
+                    args.known_failures
+                )
+            )
+
+        write(
+            "## Delta-on-Gluten test gate -- shard {}".format(
+                os.environ.get("SHARD_ID", "?")
+            )
+        )
+        write("")
+        write("| Category | Count |")
+        write("|---|---:|")
+        write("| Ran (pass+fail) | {} |".format(len(passed) + len(failed)))
+        write("| Passed | {} |".format(len(passed)))
+        write("| Failed | {} |".format(len(failed)))
+        write("| Skipped | {} |".format(len(skipped)))
+        write("| Baseline (known failures) | {} |".format(len(baseline)))
+
+        if seeding:
+            write("")
+            write(
+                "Seed mode: recorded {} failing test(s) for this shard. "
+                "Nothing enforced.".format(len(failed))
+            )
+            return 0
+
+        regressions = {e for e in (failed - baseline) if not flaky_is(e)}
+        quarantined = {e for e in (failed - baseline) if flaky_is(e)}
+        # `- flaky` on fixed is defensive: flaky tests are excluded from the
+        # regenerated baseline (aggregate mode), so a flaky test should never 
be in
+        # `baseline` in the first place -- but if one slips in, don't let its
+        # non-deterministic pass trip the now-passing gate.
+        fixed = {e for e in (baseline & passed) if not flaky_is(e)}
+        expected = failed & baseline
+
+        write("")
+        write("| Gate result | Count |")
+        write("|---|---:|")
+        write("| Expected failures (in baseline) | {} |".format(len(expected)))
+        write("| **Regressions (new failures)** | {} 
|".format(len(regressions)))
+        write("| Now-passing (remove from baseline) | {} |".format(len(fixed)))
+        write("| Quarantined flaky failures (ignored) | {} 
|".format(len(quarantined)))
+
+        _print_block(
+            write, "Regressions -- new failures NOT in the baseline", 
regressions
+        )
+        if regressions:
+            write("")
+            write(
+                "These tests were not previously known to fail. Either fix "
+                "the regression, or (if it is a genuinely new expected "
+                "failure) add the lines above to `known-failures.txt`."
+            )
+
+        _print_block(
+            write,
+            "Quarantined flaky failures -- ignored (flaky-tests.txt + 
flaky-error-patterns.txt)",
+            quarantined,
+        )
+
+        if args.fail_on_fixed:
+            _print_block(
+                write, "Now-passing -- delete these lines from the baseline", 
fixed
+            )
+
+        exit_code = 0
+        if regressions:
+            for suite, test in sorted(regressions):
+                eprint("::error::REGRESSION {}".format(format_entry(suite, 
test)))
+            exit_code = 1
+        if args.fail_on_fixed and fixed:
+            for suite, test in sorted(fixed):
+                eprint(
+                    "::error::NOW-PASSING (remove from baseline) {}".format(
+                        format_entry(suite, test)
+                    )
+                )
+            exit_code = 1
+
+        if exit_code == 0:
+            write("")
+            write("All failures are expected (in the baseline). Gate passed.")
+        return exit_code
+    finally:
+        if handle:
+            handle.close()
+
+
+def _shard_ids(files, prefix):
+    """Return the set of shard ids from gate-list filenames.
+
+    Gate lists are named ``<prefix><shard-id>.txt`` (e.g. 
``failures-shard-0.txt``,
+    ``ran-shard-0.txt``); this extracts the ``<shard-id>`` token so aggregate 
mode
+    can count how many shards contributed. Matching is on the basename, so 
nested
+    download dirs are fine.
+    """
+    ids = set()
+    pat = re.compile(r"^" + re.escape(prefix) + r"(.+)\.txt$")
+    for f in files:
+        m = pat.match(os.path.basename(f))
+        if m:
+            ids.add(m.group(1))
+    return ids
+
+
+def run_aggregate(args):
+    failure_files = sorted(
+        glob.glob(os.path.join(args.inputs_dir, "**", "failures-*.txt"), 
recursive=True)
+    )
+    ran_files = sorted(
+        glob.glob(os.path.join(args.inputs_dir, "**", "ran-*.txt"), 
recursive=True)
+    )
+
+    # No per-shard gate lists means the artifacts were never produced or the
+    # download failed (the workflow's download step is continue-on-error). Bail
+    # out before writing an empty baseline-out, which could otherwise be 
committed
+    # and wipe the entire known-failures.txt.
+    if not failure_files and not ran_files:
+        eprint(
+            "ERROR: no per-shard failures-*.txt / ran-*.txt files found under "
+            "{}. Refusing to aggregate an empty baseline (gate-list artifacts 
are "
+            "missing or were not downloaded).".format(args.inputs_dir)
+        )
+        return 2
+
+    # Completeness guard: each shard writes its failures-<id>.txt and 
ran-<id>.txt
+    # together (see run_enforce), so a shard that died before the gate step -- 
or
+    # whose artifact failed to download -- contributes neither. The 
empty-inputs
+    # check above only catches losing *all* shards; without this a partial set
+    # would silently regenerate a baseline missing that shard's failures, 
wrongly
+    # shrinking known-failures.txt and reddening the next run. A shard counts 
as
+    # complete only when BOTH its files are present (robust to partial 
downloads).
+    if args.expected_shards:
+        complete = _shard_ids(failure_files, "failures-") & _shard_ids(
+            ran_files, "ran-"
+        )
+        if len(complete) != args.expected_shards:
+            eprint(
+                "ERROR: expected {} shard gate-list set(s) but found {} 
complete "
+                "(shards: {}). A shard's failures-*/ran-* artifact is missing 
-- it "
+                "likely died before writing its gate lists or its artifact 
failed "
+                "to download -- so the regenerated baseline would be 
incomplete and "
+                "could wrongly shrink known-failures.txt. Refusing to 
aggregate.".format(
+                    args.expected_shards,
+                    len(complete),
+                    ", ".join(sorted(complete)) or "none",
+                )
+            )
+            return 2
+
+    union_failed = set()
+    for f in failure_files:
+        union_failed |= load_entries(f)
+    union_ran = set()
+    for f in ran_files:
+        union_ran |= load_entries(f)
+
+    flaky_is = make_is_flaky(load_entries(args.flaky_tests))
+    # Exclude quarantined flaky tests from the regenerated baseline: a flaky 
test
+    # that happened to fail this run must never be baked into 
known-failures.txt
+    # (otherwise it would trip the now-passing gate on the next run where it
+    # passes). Flaky failures are tracked in flaky-tests.txt, not the baseline.
+    baseline_body = {e for e in union_failed if not flaky_is(e)}
+
+    header = (
+        "# Known Delta-on-Gluten unit test failures.\n"
+        "#\n"
+        "# Auto-generated by compare-test-results.py --mode aggregate.\n"
+        "# Format: <fully.qualified.SuiteName>#<test display name>\n"
+        "# Lines starting with '#' are comments.\n"
+        "#\n"
+        "# Regenerate by running the 'Delta Spark UT (Gluten)' workflow with\n"
+        "# update_baseline=true and committing the produced artifact.\n"
+    )

Review Comment:
   The aggregate baseline header is what contributors are told to commit (via 
README/workflow), but it omits the important “regenerate under the same shard x 
fork parallelism” warning that exists in the committed known-failures header. 
If someone replaces known-failures.txt with the artifact, they’ll lose that 
guidance and can accidentally capture an incompatible baseline.



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