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The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/main by this push:
     new bbf9d453ee [#13226] fix(api): make SingleFieldTransform.equals 
type-strict (#13227)
bbf9d453ee is described below

commit bbf9d453ee18f4ea171c47429df8a2cee9c98503
Author: YangJie <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Thu Sep 17 09:16:09 2026 -0400

    [#13226] fix(api): make SingleFieldTransform.equals type-strict (#13227)
    
    ### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
    
    `SingleFieldTransform.equals` now compares classes instead of using
    `instanceof` (matching `BucketTransform` and the other sibling
    transforms), with a justified `EqualsGetClass` suppression because the
    base class is abstract.
    
    ### Why are the changes needed?
    
    With the `instanceof` check, different transform strategies over the
    same field compared equal (`year(ts).equals(identity(ts))` was `true`),
    so a `HashSet` silently deduplicated distinct partitioning transforms.
    
    Fix: #13226
    
    ### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
    
    Yes. This changes `equals` semantics for the `@Evolving` transform API:
    transforms of different strategies over the same field are no longer
    equal. It fixes silent `HashSet` deduplication of distinct transforms.
    
    ### How was this patch tested?
    
    Added `TestTransformsEquality`, which pins that transforms of different
    strategies over the same field are not equal and are not collapsed by a
    `HashSet`; it fails on the pre-fix tree and passes after the fix.
---
 .../rel/expressions/transforms/Transform.java      |  6 ++-
 .../transforms/TestTransformsEquality.java         | 55 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 .../catalog/iceberg/TestExpressionUtil.java        |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git 
a/api/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/rel/expressions/transforms/Transform.java
 
b/api/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/rel/expressions/transforms/Transform.java
index 24ef19d174..54f745e311 100644
--- 
a/api/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/rel/expressions/transforms/Transform.java
+++ 
b/api/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/rel/expressions/transforms/Transform.java
@@ -80,12 +80,16 @@ public interface Transform extends Expression {
       return new Expression[] {ref};
     }
 
+    // Type-strict equality is intentional: two different transform types over 
the same field
+    // (e.g. year(ts) and identity(ts)) must not compare equal. All concrete 
subclasses are final
+    // and delegate to this implementation, so the getClass() check is exact, 
not limiting.
+    @SuppressWarnings("EqualsGetClass")
     @Override
     public boolean equals(Object o) {
       if (this == o) {
         return true;
       }
-      if (!(o instanceof SingleFieldTransform)) {
+      if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
         return false;
       }
       SingleFieldTransform that = (SingleFieldTransform) o;
diff --git 
a/api/src/test/java/org/apache/gravitino/rel/expressions/transforms/TestTransformsEquality.java
 
b/api/src/test/java/org/apache/gravitino/rel/expressions/transforms/TestTransformsEquality.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c63a94c198
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/api/src/test/java/org/apache/gravitino/rel/expressions/transforms/TestTransformsEquality.java
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.gravitino.rel.expressions.transforms;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class TestTransformsEquality {
+
+  @Test
+  void testDifferentSingleFieldTransformTypesAreNotEqual() {
+    // Before the fix, SingleFieldTransform.equals used an instanceof check, 
so transforms of
+    // different types over the same field compared equal.
+    Assertions.assertNotEquals(Transforms.identity("ts"), 
Transforms.year("ts"));
+    Assertions.assertNotEquals(Transforms.year("ts"), Transforms.month("ts"));
+    Assertions.assertNotEquals(Transforms.month("ts"), Transforms.day("ts"));
+    Assertions.assertNotEquals(Transforms.day("ts"), Transforms.hour("ts"));
+    Assertions.assertNotEquals(Transforms.year("ts"), Transforms.hour("ts"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testSameSingleFieldTransformTypesAreEqual() {
+    Assertions.assertEquals(Transforms.year("ts"), Transforms.year("ts"));
+    Assertions.assertEquals(Transforms.identity("ts"), 
Transforms.identity("ts"));
+    Assertions.assertNotEquals(Transforms.year("ts"), 
Transforms.year("other"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testSameTypeSetSemantics() {
+    Set<Transform> transforms = new 
HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(Transforms.year("ts")));
+
+    // Before the fix, a Set silently deduplicated year(ts) against 
identity(ts).
+    Assertions.assertFalse(transforms.contains(Transforms.identity("ts")));
+    Assertions.assertTrue(transforms.contains(Transforms.year("ts")));
+  }
+}
diff --git 
a/trino-connector/trino-connector/src/test/java/org/apache/gravitino/trino/connector/catalog/iceberg/TestExpressionUtil.java
 
b/trino-connector/trino-connector/src/test/java/org/apache/gravitino/trino/connector/catalog/iceberg/TestExpressionUtil.java
index 0b7f4975f7..d0e686642d 100644
--- 
a/trino-connector/trino-connector/src/test/java/org/apache/gravitino/trino/connector/catalog/iceberg/TestExpressionUtil.java
+++ 
b/trino-connector/trino-connector/src/test/java/org/apache/gravitino/trino/connector/catalog/iceberg/TestExpressionUtil.java
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ public class TestExpressionUtil {
     partitionField = List.of("hour(f4)");
     transforms = ExpressionUtil.partitionFiledToExpression(partitionField);
     Assertions.assertEquals(1, transforms.length);
-    Assertions.assertEquals(transforms[0], Transforms.day("f4"));
+    Assertions.assertEquals(transforms[0], Transforms.hour("f4"));
 
     partitionField = List.of("bucket(f2,10)");
     transforms = ExpressionUtil.partitionFiledToExpression(partitionField);

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