yuqi1129 opened a new issue, #13592:
URL: https://github.com/apache/gravitino/issues/13592
## Version
main branch, `8e9ca0009d68dbf9edb5e313d3d51688b9c4cff1`; MySQL 8.0.35,
mysql-connector-j 8.0.33, Java 17.
## Describe what's wrong
With the documented form `jdbc:mysql://host:port/` (no default database), a
sequential borrow/setCatalog/close loop through the production
`DataSourceUtils` creates a connection on every iteration despite using DBCP2.
Selecting an otherwise unused default database restores reuse.
For 100 sequential iterations, server Connections increased by 102 without a
default database and by 3 with one. Each window includes one observer
connection, so the application created 101 versus 2. Both pools report one idle
connection; idle count alone misses the failed reuse.
## Error message and/or stacktrace
Table API pressure with the no-database URL produced HTTP 500 with
`java.net.BindException: Can't assign requested address` in MySQL connection
establishment. The catalog SQL digest also recorded failing `USE` statements.
The eventual address exhaustion is host dependent; the sequential connection
churn does not require saturation.
## How to reproduce
1. Create two disposable databases, e.g. `perf_tables` and `perf_bootstrap`.
2. Create a datasource with `DataSourceUtils.createDataSource`, driver
`com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver`, normal credentials and URL
`jdbc:mysql://host:port/?useSSL=false`.
3. Repeat 100 times: borrow a connection, `setCatalog("perf_tables")`, then
close it. Observe MySQL Connections before/after.
4. Repeat with `jdbc:mysql://host:port/perf_bootstrap?useSSL=false`.
Connection creation drops to pool initialization only.
## Additional context
This concerns the catalog datasource and default-database handling. It is
distinct from #13582, which concerns metadata-store `maxIdle=10` under
concurrent load. A raw prepared-statement probe confirms the validation
interaction: prepare SELECT 1 before switching catalogs, then switch to
perf_tables and execute it. An empty original catalog fails with SQLState 3D000
/ error 1046 (No database selected); the perf_bootstrap original catalog
succeeds. DBCP caches its validation statement and rejects the reused
connection after catalog switching. A default database is a benchmark
workaround, not a proposed general fix. Raw probe counts, source, and
default-URL pilot JFR are retained locally in
`dev/performance/main-auth-table-20260929/`.
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