yuqi1129 commented on code in PR #13737:
URL: https://github.com/apache/gravitino/pull/13737#discussion_r4245246851


##########
core/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/tag/TagManager.java:
##########
@@ -509,56 +443,59 @@ private String[] associateTagValuesForMetadataObject(
     TagValue[] tagValuesToAdd = tagsToAddSet.toArray(new TagValue[0]);
     TagValue[] tagValuesToRemove = tagsToRemoveSet.toArray(new TagValue[0]);
 
-    return TreeLockUtils.doWithTreeLock(
-        entityIdent,
-        LockType.READ,
-        () ->
-            TreeLockUtils.doWithTreeLock(
-                NameIdentifier.of(NamespaceUtil.ofTag(metalake).levels()),
-                LockType.WRITE,
-                () -> {
-                  try {
-                    List<TagEntity> tags;
-                    if (mode == TagAssociationMode.TAG_VALUES) {
-                      tags =
-                          entityStore
-                              .relationOperations()
-                              .updateEntityRelations(
-                                  RelationUpdate.of(
-                                      
SupportsRelationOperations.Type.TAG_METADATA_OBJECT_REL,
-                                      entityIdent,
-                                      entityType,
-                                      toRelationEdgeTargets(metalake, 
tagValuesToAdd),
-                                      toRelationEdgeTargets(metalake, 
tagValuesToRemove)));
-                    } else {
-                      tags =
-                          entityStore
-                              .relationOperations()
-                              .updateEntityRelations(
-                                  
SupportsRelationOperations.Type.TAG_METADATA_OBJECT_REL,
-                                  entityIdent,
-                                  entityType,
-                                  toNameIdentifiers(metalake, tagValuesToAdd),
-                                  toNameIdentifiers(metalake, 
tagValuesToRemove));
-                    }
-                    return 
tags.stream().map(Tag::name).distinct().toArray(String[]::new);
-                  } catch (NoSuchEntityException e) {
-                    throw new NoSuchMetadataObjectException(
-                        e,
-                        "Failed to associate tags for metadata object %s due 
to not found",
-                        metadataObject);
-                  } catch (EntityAlreadyExistsException e) {
-                    throw new TagAlreadyAssociatedException(
-                        e,
-                        "Failed to associate tags for metadata object due to 
some tag values %s already "
-                            + "associated to the metadata object %s",
-                        Arrays.toString(tagsToAdd),
-                        metadataObject);
-                  } catch (IOException e) {
-                    LOG.error("Failed to associate tags for metadata object 
{}", metadataObject, e);
-                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
-                  }
-                }));
+    try {
+      List<TagEntity> tags;
+      if (mode == TagAssociationMode.TAG_VALUES) {
+        tags =
+            entityStore
+                .relationOperations()
+                .updateEntityRelations(
+                    RelationUpdate.of(
+                        
SupportsRelationOperations.Type.TAG_METADATA_OBJECT_REL,
+                        entityIdent,
+                        entityType,
+                        toRelationEdgeTargets(metalake, tagValuesToAdd),
+                        toRelationEdgeTargets(metalake, tagValuesToRemove)));
+      } else {
+        tags =
+            entityStore
+                .relationOperations()
+                .updateEntityRelations(
+                    SupportsRelationOperations.Type.TAG_METADATA_OBJECT_REL,
+                    entityIdent,
+                    entityType,
+                    toNameIdentifiers(metalake, tagValuesToAdd),
+                    toNameIdentifiers(metalake, tagValuesToRemove));
+      }
+      return tags.stream().map(Tag::name).distinct().toArray(String[]::new);
+    } catch (NoSuchEntityException e) {
+      // A tag deleted concurrently is reported by the store when its row is 
locked; tell it apart
+      // from a missing metadata object so the caller is not told the object 
is gone.
+      Optional<String> missingTag =
+          Stream.concat(Arrays.stream(tagValuesToAdd), 
Arrays.stream(tagValuesToRemove))
+              .map(TagValue::name)
+              .filter(tagName -> isMissingEntity(e, Entity.EntityType.TAG, 
tagName))
+              .findFirst();
+      if (missingTag.isPresent()) {
+        throw new NoSuchTagException(

Review Comment:
   Added to the user-facing section of the PR description: a concurrently 
deleted tag now returns `NoSuchTagException` (HTTP 404) instead of 
`NoSuchMetadataObjectException`, and both extend `NotFoundException`.



##########
core/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/storage/relational/service/ModelVersionMetaService.java:
##########
@@ -438,6 +374,130 @@ private boolean isModelVersionAliasUpdated(
     return !oldAliases.equals(newAliases);
   }
 
+  private List<ModelVersionEntity> listModelVersions(NameIdentifier 
modelIdent, long modelId) {
+    List<ModelVersionPO> modelVersionPOs =
+        SessionUtils.getWithoutCommit(
+            ModelVersionMetaMapper.class, mapper -> 
mapper.listModelVersionMetasByModelId(modelId));
+
+    if (modelVersionPOs.isEmpty()) {
+      return Collections.emptyList();
+    }
+
+    // Get the aliases for all the model versions.
+    List<ModelVersionAliasRelPO> aliasRelPOs =
+        SessionUtils.getWithoutCommit(
+            ModelVersionAliasRelMapper.class,
+            mapper -> mapper.selectModelVersionAliasRelsByModelId(modelId));
+    Multimap<Integer, ModelVersionAliasRelPO> aliasRelPOsByModelVersion =
+        ArrayListMultimap.create();
+    aliasRelPOs.forEach(r -> 
aliasRelPOsByModelVersion.put(r.getModelVersion(), r));
+
+    return ImmutableList.copyOf(
+        modelVersionPOs.stream()
+            .collect(
+                Collectors.groupingBy(
+                    ModelVersionPO::getModelVersion,
+                    Collectors.collectingAndThen(
+                        Collectors.<ModelVersionPO>toList(),
+                        m -> {
+                          List<ModelVersionAliasRelPO> versionAliasRelPOs =
+                              Lists.newArrayList(
+                                  
aliasRelPOsByModelVersion.get(m.get(0).getModelVersion()));
+                          return POConverters.fromModelVersionPO(modelIdent, 
m, versionAliasRelPOs);
+                        })))
+            .values());
+  }
+
+  private ModelVersionEntity getModelVersion(
+      NameIdentifier ident, NameIdentifier modelIdent, long modelId) {
+    boolean isVersionNumber = NumberUtils.isCreatable(ident.name());
+
+    List<ModelVersionPO> modelVersionPOs =
+        SessionUtils.getWithoutCommit(
+            ModelVersionMetaMapper.class,
+            mapper -> {
+              if (isVersionNumber) {
+                return mapper.selectModelVersionMeta(modelId, 
Integer.valueOf(ident.name()));
+              } else {
+                return mapper.selectModelVersionMetaByAlias(modelId, 
ident.name());
+              }
+            });
+
+    if (modelVersionPOs.isEmpty()) {
+      throw new NoSuchEntityException(
+          NoSuchEntityException.NO_SUCH_ENTITY_MESSAGE,
+          Entity.EntityType.MODEL_VERSION.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT),
+          ident.toString());
+    }
+
+    List<ModelVersionAliasRelPO> aliasRelPOs =
+        SessionUtils.getWithoutCommit(
+            ModelVersionAliasRelMapper.class,
+            mapper -> {
+              if (isVersionNumber) {
+                return mapper.selectModelVersionAliasRelsByModelIdAndVersion(
+                    modelId, Integer.valueOf(ident.name()));
+              } else {
+                return 
mapper.selectModelVersionAliasRelsByModelIdAndAlias(modelId, ident.name());
+              }
+            });
+
+    return POConverters.fromModelVersionPO(modelIdent, modelVersionPOs, 
aliasRelPOs);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Runs a read of a model's version and alias rows and returns it only if 
the model did not change
+   * while the rows were read.
+   *
+   * <p>The version rows and the alias rows are read by separate statements, 
so a concurrent link,
+   * alter or delete could otherwise be seen half applied, for example with 
the old URIs and the new
+   * aliases. Every such write advances the model row's {@code 
current_version} in its own
+   * transaction, so an unchanged version after the read proves the rows 
belong to one committed
+   * state. A changed version re-runs the read, up to {@link 
#MAX_STABLE_READ_ATTEMPTS} times.
+   *
+   * <p>{@code current_version} is the model's aggregate concurrency token, so 
model-level writes
+   * such as a comment or property change through {@code alterModel} also 
advance it. Those writes
+   * cannot tear the version and alias rows, but they still make a concurrent 
read retry, and a
+   * model altered on every attempt fails the read with {@link 
OptimisticLockException}.
+   *
+   * @param modelIdent the identifier of the model whose rows are read
+   * @param read the read to run against the observed model row
+   * @return the result of a read that saw no concurrent model change
+   * @throws NoSuchEntityException if the model does not exist, or was dropped 
during the read
+   * @throws OptimisticLockException if the model kept changing
+   */
+  @VisibleForTesting
+  <T> T readWithStableModel(NameIdentifier modelIdent, Function<ModelPO, T> 
read) {
+    for (int attempt = 1; ; attempt++) {
+      // Will throw a NoSuchEntityException if the model does not exist.
+      ModelPO observedModelPO = 
ModelMetaService.getInstance().getModelPOByIdentifier(modelIdent);
+      T result = read.apply(observedModelPO);
+
+      ModelPO currentModelPO =
+          SessionUtils.getWithoutCommit(
+              ModelMetaMapper.class,
+              mapper -> 
mapper.selectModelMetaByModelId(observedModelPO.getModelId()));
+      if (currentModelPO == null) {
+        throw new NoSuchEntityException(
+            NoSuchEntityException.NO_SUCH_ENTITY_MESSAGE,
+            Entity.EntityType.MODEL.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT),
+            modelIdent.toString());
+      }
+      if (Objects.equals(currentModelPO.getCurrentVersion(), 
observedModelPO.getCurrentVersion())) {
+        return result;
+      }
+      if (attempt >= MAX_STABLE_READ_ATTEMPTS) {
+        throw ExceptionUtils.concurrentModification(Entity.EntityType.MODEL, 
modelIdent);
+      }
+      // Re-read immediately: a read through the entity cache holds its cache 
segment lock here,
+      // so pausing would also stall unrelated entities hashed to the same 
segment.

Review Comment:
   Deliberate trade-off: a sustained writer exhausts the attempts with or 
without spacing, and a sparse one is absorbed by the first retry, so the pause 
only helped short bursts. Lifting the loop above the cache lock would 
restructure `RelationalEntityStore#get` for one entity type, so I left it, 
together with a single-statement read that cannot tear, to #13181. ff3e692c37 
records this in the comment, including not to add a sleep inside the loop.



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