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commit 5cf318e823e82325adf42287772a7decfc868e8d
Author: CI <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Thu Oct 22 02:17:16 2020 +0000
Travis CI build asf-site
---
content/activity.html | 24 ++
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content/assets/js/lunr/lunr-store.js | 5 +
content/blog.html | 24 ++
.../blog/apache-hudi-meets-apache-flink/index.html | 435 +++++++++++++++++++++
content/cn/activity.html | 24 ++
content/sitemap.xml | 4 +
9 files changed, 516 insertions(+)
diff --git a/content/activity.html b/content/activity.html
index ea50e63..08f7582 100644
--- a/content/activity.html
+++ b/content/activity.html
@@ -191,6 +191,30 @@
<h2 class="archive__item-title" itemprop="headline">
+ <a href="/blog/apache-hudi-meets-apache-flink/" rel="permalink">Apache
Hudi meets Apache Flink
+</a>
+
+ </h2>
+ <!-- Look the author details up from the site config. -->
+
+ <!-- Output author details if some exist. -->
+ <div class="archive__item-meta"><a
href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/~mathieu">Xianghu Wang</a>
posted on <time datetime="2020-10-15">October 15, 2020</time></div>
+
+ <p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">The design and
latest progress of the integration of Apache Hudi and Apache Flink.
+</p>
+ </article>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="list__item">
+ <article class="archive__item" itemscope
itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
+
+ <h2 class="archive__item-title" itemprop="headline">
+
<a href="/blog/ingest-multiple-tables-using-hudi/"
rel="permalink">Ingest multiple tables using Hudi
</a>
diff --git a/content/assets/images/blog/hudi-meets-flink/image1.png
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diff --git a/content/assets/js/lunr/lunr-store.js
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index bc1859c..41afb36 100644
--- a/content/assets/js/lunr/lunr-store.js
+++ b/content/assets/js/lunr/lunr-store.js
@@ -1188,4 +1188,9 @@ var store = [{
"excerpt":"When building a change data capture pipeline for already
existing or newly created relational databases, one of the most common problems
that one faces is simplifying the onboarding process for multiple tables.
Ingesting multiple tables to Hudi dataset at a single go is now possible using
HoodieMultiTableDeltaStreamer class which is...","categories": ["blog"],
"tags": [],
"url":
"https://hudi.apache.org/blog/ingest-multiple-tables-using-hudi/",
+ "teaser":"https://hudi.apache.org/assets/images/500x300.png"},{
+ "title": "Apache Hudi meets Apache Flink",
+ "excerpt":"Apache Hudi (Hudi for short) is a data lake framework
created at Uber. Hudi joined the Apache incubator for incubation in January
2019, and was promoted to the top Apache project in May 2020. It is one of the
most popular data lake frameworks. 1. Why decouple Hudi has
been...","categories": ["blog"],
+ "tags": [],
+ "url": "https://hudi.apache.org/blog/apache-hudi-meets-apache-flink/",
"teaser":"https://hudi.apache.org/assets/images/500x300.png"},]
diff --git a/content/blog.html b/content/blog.html
index 2bdd4a0..9d28e6b 100644
--- a/content/blog.html
+++ b/content/blog.html
@@ -189,6 +189,30 @@
<h2 class="archive__item-title" itemprop="headline">
+ <a href="/blog/apache-hudi-meets-apache-flink/" rel="permalink">Apache
Hudi meets Apache Flink
+</a>
+
+ </h2>
+ <!-- Look the author details up from the site config. -->
+
+ <!-- Output author details if some exist. -->
+ <div class="archive__item-meta"><a
href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/~mathieu">Xianghu Wang</a>
posted on <time datetime="2020-10-15">October 15, 2020</time></div>
+
+ <p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">The design and
latest progress of the integration of Apache Hudi and Apache Flink.
+</p>
+ </article>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="list__item">
+ <article class="archive__item" itemscope
itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
+
+ <h2 class="archive__item-title" itemprop="headline">
+
<a href="/blog/ingest-multiple-tables-using-hudi/"
rel="permalink">Ingest multiple tables using Hudi
</a>
diff --git a/content/blog/apache-hudi-meets-apache-flink/index.html
b/content/blog/apache-hudi-meets-apache-flink/index.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/blog/apache-hudi-meets-apache-flink/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en" class="no-js">
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+
+<!-- begin _includes/seo.html --><title>Apache Hudi meets Apache Flink -
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+ <h1 id="page-title" class="page__title" itemprop="headline">Apache
Hudi meets Apache Flink
+</h1>
+ <!-- Output author details if some exist. -->
+ <div class="page__author"><a
href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/~mathieu">Xianghu Wang</a>
posted on <time datetime="2020-10-15">October 15, 2020</time></span>
+ </header>
+
+
+ <section class="page__content" itemprop="text">
+
+ <style>
+ .page {
+ padding-right: 0 !important;
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+ </style>
+
+ <p>Apache Hudi (Hudi for short) is a data lake framework created at
Uber. Hudi joined the Apache incubator for incubation in January 2019, and was
promoted to the top Apache project in May 2020. It is one of the most popular
data lake frameworks.</p>
+
+<h2 id="1-why-decouple">1. Why decouple</h2>
+
+<p>Hudi has been using Spark as its data processing engine since its birth. If
users want to use Hudi as their data lake framework, they must introduce Spark
into their platform technology stack.
+A few years ago, using Spark as a big data processing engine can be said to be
very common or even natural. Since Spark can either perform batch processing or
use micro-batch to simulate streaming, one engine solves both streaming and
batch problems.
+However, in recent years, with the development of big data technology, Flink,
which is also a big data processing engine, has gradually entered people’s
vision and has occupied a certain market in the field of computing engines.
+In the big data technology community, forums and other territories, the voice
of whether Hudi supports Flink has gradually appeared and has become more
frequent. Therefore, it is a valuable thing to make Hudi support the Flink
engine, and the first step of integrating the Flink engine is that Hudi and
Spark are decoupled.</p>
+
+<p>In addition, looking at the mature, active, and viable frameworks in the
big data, all frameworks are elegant in design and can be integrated with other
frameworks and leverage each other’s expertise.
+Therefore, decoupling Hudi from Spark and turning it into an
engine-independent data lake framework will undoubtedly create more
possibilities for the integration of Hudi and other components, allowing Hudi
to better integrate into the big data ecosystem.</p>
+
+<h2 id="2-challenges">2. Challenges</h2>
+
+<p>Hudi’s internal use of Spark API is as common as our usual development and
use of List. Since the data source reads the data, and finally writes the data
to the table, Spark RDD is used as the main data structure everywhere, and even
ordinary tools are implemented using the Spark API.
+It can be said that Hudi is a universal data lake framework implemented by
Spark. Hudi also leverages deep Spark functionality like custom partitioning,
in-memory caching to implement indexing and file sizing using workload
heuristics.
+For some of these, Flink offers better out-of-box support (e.g using Flink’s
state store for indexing) and can in fact, make Hudi approach real-time
latencies more and more.</p>
+
+<p>In addition, the primary engine integrated after this decoupling is Flink.
Flink and Spark differ greatly in core abstraction. Spark believes that data is
bounded, and its core abstraction is a limited set of data.
+Flink believes that the essence of data is a stream, and its core abstract
DataStream contains various operations on data. Hudi has a streaming first
design (record level updates, record level streams), that arguably fit the
Flink model more naturally.
+At the same time, there are multiple RDDs operating at the same time in Hudi,
and the processing result of one RDD is combined with another RDD.
+This difference in abstraction and the reuse of intermediate results during
implementation make it difficult for Hudi to use a unified API to operate both
RDD and DataStream in terms of decoupling abstraction.</p>
+
+<h2 id="3-decoupling-spark">3. Decoupling Spark</h2>
+<p>In theory, Hudi uses Spark as its computing engine to use Spark’s
distributed computing power and RDD’s rich operator capabilities. Apart from
distributed computing power, Hudi uses RDD more as a data structure, and RDD is
essentially a bounded data set.
+Therefore, it is theoretically feasible to replace RDD with List (of course,
it may sacrifice performance/scale). In order to ensure the performance and
stability of the Hudi Spark version as much as possible. We can keep setting
the bounded data set as the basic operation unit.
+Hudi’s main operation API remains unchanged, and RDD is extracted as a generic
type. The Spark engine implementation still uses RDD, and other engines use
List or other bounded data set according to the actual situation.</p>
+
+<h3 id="decoupling-principle">Decoupling principle</h3>
+<p>1) Unified generics. The input records <code
class="highlighter-rouge">JavaRDD<HoodieRecord></code>, key of input
records <code class="highlighter-rouge">JavaRDD<HoodieKey></code>, and
result of write operations <code
class="highlighter-rouge">JavaRDD<WriteStatus></code> used by the Spark
API use generic <code class="highlighter-rouge">I,K,O</code> instead;</p>
+
+<p>2) De-sparkization. All APIs of the abstraction layer must have nothing to
do with Spark. Involving specific operations that are difficult to implement in
the abstract layer, rewrite them as abstract methods and introduce Spark
subclasses.</p>
+
+<p>For example: Hudi uses the <code
class="highlighter-rouge">JavaSparkContext#map()</code> method in many places.
To de-spark, you need to hide the <code
class="highlighter-rouge">JavaSparkContext</code>. For this problem, we
introduced the <code class="highlighter-rouge">HoodieEngineContext#map()</code>
method, which will block the specific implementation details of <code
class="highlighter-rouge">map</code>, so as to achieve de-sparkization in
abstraction.</p>
+
+<p>3) Minimize changes to the abstraction layer to ensure the original
function and performance of Hudi;</p>
+
+<p>4) Replace the <code class="highlighter-rouge">JavaSparkContext</code> with
the <code class="highlighter-rouge">HoodieEngineContext</code> abstract class
to provide the running environment context.</p>
+
+<p>In addition, some of the core algorithms in Hudi, like <a
href="https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/1756">rollback</a>, has been redone
without the need for computing a workload profile ahead of time, which used to
rely on Spark caching.</p>
+
+<h2 id="4-flink-integration-design">4. Flink integration design</h2>
+<p>Hudi’s write operation is batch processing in nature, and the continuous
mode of <code class="highlighter-rouge">DeltaStreamer</code> is realized by
looping batch processing. In order to use a unified API, when Hudi integrates
Flink, we choose to collect a batch of data before processing, and finally
submit it in a unified manner (here we use List to collect data in Flink).
+In Hudi terminology, we will stream data for a given commit, but only publish
the commits every so often, making it practical to scale storage on cloud
storage and also tunable.</p>
+
+<p>The easiest way to think of batch operation is to use a time window.
However, when using a window, when there is no data flowing in a window, there
will be no output data, and it is difficult for the Flink sink to judge whether
all the data from a given batch has been processed.
+Therefore, we use Flink’s checkpoint mechanism to collect batches. The data
between every two barriers is a batch. When there is no data in a subtask, the
mock result data is made up.
+In this way, on the sink side, when each subtask has result data issued, it
can be considered that a batch of data has been processed and the commit can be
executed.</p>
+
+<p>The DAG is as follows:</p>
+
+<p><img src="/assets/images/blog/hudi-meets-flink/image1.png" alt="dualism"
/></p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><strong>Source:</strong> receives Kafka data and converts it into <code
class="highlighter-rouge">List<HoodieRecord></code>;</li>
+ <li><strong>InstantGeneratorOperator:</strong> generates a globally unique
instant. When the previous instant is not completed or the current batch has no
data, no new instant is created;</li>
+ <li><strong>KeyBy partitionPath:</strong> partitions according to <code
class="highlighter-rouge">partitionPath</code> to avoid multiple subtasks from
writing the same partition;</li>
+ <li><strong>WriteProcessOperator:</strong> performs a write operation. When
there is no data in the current partition, it sends empty result data to the
downstream to make up the number;</li>
+ <li><strong>CommitSink:</strong> receives the calculation results of the
upstream task. When receiving the parallelism results, it is considered that
all the upstream subtasks are completed and the commit is executed.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note:
+<code class="highlighter-rouge">InstantGeneratorOperator</code> and <code
class="highlighter-rouge">WriteProcessOperator</code> are both custom Flink
operators. <code class="highlighter-rouge">InstantGeneratorOperator</code> will
block checking the state of the previous instant to ensure that there is only
one instant in the global (or requested) state.
+<code class="highlighter-rouge">WriteProcessOperator</code> is the actual
execution Where a write operation is performed, the write operation is
triggered at checkpoint.</p>
+
+<h3 id="41-index-design-based-on-flink-state">4.1 Index design based on Flink
State</h3>
+
+<p>Stateful computing is one of the highlights of the Flink engine. Compared
with using external storage, using Flink’s built-in <code
class="highlighter-rouge">State</code> can significantly improve the
performance of Flink applications.
+Therefore, it would be a good choice to implement a Hudi index based on
Flink’s State.</p>
+
+<p>The core of the Hudi index is to maintain the mapping of the Hudi key <code
class="highlighter-rouge">HoodieKey</code> and the location of the Hudi data
<code class="highlighter-rouge">HoodieRecordLocation</code>.
+Therefore, based on the current design, we can simply maintain a <code
class="highlighter-rouge">MapState<HoodieKey,
HoodieRecordLocation></code> in Flink UDF to map the <code
class="highlighter-rouge">HoodieKey</code> and <code
class="highlighter-rouge">HoodieRecordLocation</code>, and leave the fault
tolerance and persistence of State to the Flink framework.</p>
+
+<p><img src="/assets/images/blog/hudi-meets-flink/image2.png" alt="dualism"
/></p>
+
+<h2 id="5-implementation-examples">5. Implementation examples</h2>
+<h3 id="1-hoodietable">1) HoodieTable</h3>
+
+<div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre
class="highlight"><code>/**
+ * Abstract implementation of a HoodieTable.
+ *
+ * @param <T> Sub type of HoodieRecordPayload
+ * @param <I> Type of inputs
+ * @param <K> Type of keys
+ * @param <O> Type of outputs
+ */
+public abstract class HoodieTable<T extends HoodieRecordPayload, I, K,
O> implements Serializable {
+
+ protected final HoodieWriteConfig config;
+ protected final HoodieTableMetaClient metaClient;
+ protected final HoodieIndex<T, I, K, O> index;
+
+ public abstract HoodieWriteMetadata<O> upsert(HoodieEngineContext
context, String instantTime,
+ I records);
+
+ public abstract HoodieWriteMetadata<O> insert(HoodieEngineContext
context, String instantTime,
+ I records);
+
+ public abstract HoodieWriteMetadata<O> bulkInsert(HoodieEngineContext
context, String instantTime,
+ I records, Option<BulkInsertPartitioner<I>>
bulkInsertPartitioner);
+
+ ...
+}
+</code></pre></div></div>
+
+<p><code class="highlighter-rouge">HoodieTable</code> is one of the core
abstractions of Hudi, which defines operations such as <code
class="highlighter-rouge">insert</code>, <code
class="highlighter-rouge">upsert</code>, and <code
class="highlighter-rouge">bulkInsert</code> supported by the table.
+Take <code class="highlighter-rouge">upsert</code> as an example, the input
data is changed from the original <code
class="highlighter-rouge">JavaRDD<HoodieRecord> inputRdds</code> to <code
class="highlighter-rouge">I records</code>, and the runtime <code
class="highlighter-rouge">JavaSparkContext jsc</code> is changed to <code
class="highlighter-rouge">HoodieEngineContext context</code>.</p>
+
+<p>From the class annotations, we can see that <code
class="highlighter-rouge">T, I, K, O</code> represents the load data type,
input data type, primary key type and output data type of Hudi operation
respectively.
+These generics will run through the entire abstraction layer.</p>
+
+<h3 id="2-hoodieenginecontext">2) HoodieEngineContext</h3>
+
+<div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre
class="highlight"><code>/**
+ * Base class contains the context information needed by the engine at
runtime. It will be extended by different
+ * engine implementation if needed.
+ */
+public abstract class HoodieEngineContext {
+
+ public abstract <I, O> List<O> map(List<I> data,
SerializableFunction<I, O> func, int parallelism);
+
+ public abstract <I, O> List<O> flatMap(List<I> data,
SerializableFunction<I, Stream<O>> func, int parallelism);
+
+ public abstract <I> void foreach(List<I> data,
SerializableConsumer<I> consumer, int parallelism);
+
+ ......
+}
+</code></pre></div></div>
+
+<p><code class="highlighter-rouge">HoodieEngineContext</code> plays the role
of <code class="highlighter-rouge">JavaSparkContext</code>, it not only
provides all the information that <code
class="highlighter-rouge">JavaSparkContext</code> can provide,
+but also encapsulates many methods such as <code
class="highlighter-rouge">map</code>, <code
class="highlighter-rouge">flatMap</code>, <code
class="highlighter-rouge">foreach</code>, and hides The specific implementation
of <code class="highlighter-rouge">JavaSparkContext#map()</code>,<code
class="highlighter-rouge">JavaSparkContext#flatMap()</code>, <code
class="highlighter-rouge">JavaSparkContext#foreach()</code> and other
methods.</p>
+
+<p>Take the <code class="highlighter-rouge">map</code> method as an example.
In the Spark implementation class <code
class="highlighter-rouge">HoodieSparkEngineContext</code>, the <code
class="highlighter-rouge">map</code> method is as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre
class="highlight"><code> @Override
+ public <I, O> List<O> map(List<I> data,
SerializableFunction<I, O> func, int parallelism) {
+ return javaSparkContext.parallelize(data,
parallelism).map(func::apply).collect();
+ }
+</code></pre></div></div>
+
+<p>In the engine that operates List, the implementation can be as follows
(different methods need to pay attention to thread-safety issues, use <code
class="highlighter-rouge">parallel()</code> with caution):</p>
+
+<div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre
class="highlight"><code> @Override
+ public <I, O> List<O> map(List<I> data,
SerializableFunction<I, O> func, int parallelism) {
+ return
data.stream().parallel().map(func::apply).collect(Collectors.toList());
+ }
+</code></pre></div></div>
+
+<p>Note:
+The exception thrown in the map function can be solved by wrapping <code
class="highlighter-rouge">SerializableFunction<I, O> func</code>.</p>
+
+<p>Here is a brief introduction to <code
class="highlighter-rouge">SerializableFunction</code>:</p>
+
+<div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre
class="highlight"><code>@FunctionalInterface
+public interface SerializableFunction<I, O> extends Serializable {
+ O apply(I v1) throws Exception;
+}
+</code></pre></div></div>
+
+<p>This method is actually a variant of <code
class="highlighter-rouge">java.util.function.Function</code>. The difference
from <code class="highlighter-rouge">java.util.function.Function</code> is that
<code class="highlighter-rouge">SerializableFunction</code> can be serialized
and can throw exceptions.
+This function is introduced because the input parameters that the <code
class="highlighter-rouge">JavaSparkContext#map()</code> function can receive
must be serializable.
+At the same time, there are many exceptions that need to be thrown in the
logic of Hudi, and the code for <code
class="highlighter-rouge">try-catch</code> in the Lambda expression will be
omitted It is bloated and not very elegant.</p>
+
+<h2 id="6-current-progress-and-follow-up-plan">6. Current progress and
follow-up plan</h2>
+
+<h3 id="61-working-time-axis">6.1 Working time axis</h3>
+
+<p><img src="/assets/images/blog/hudi-meets-flink/image3.png" alt="dualism"
/></p>
+
+<p><a href="https://www.t3go.cn/">T3go</a>
+<a href="https://cn.aliyun.com/">Aliyun</a>
+<a href="https://www.sf-express.com/cn/sc/">SF-express</a></p>
+
+<h3 id="62-follow-up-plan">6.2 Follow-up plan</h3>
+
+<h4 id="1-promote-the-integration-of-hudi-and-flink">1) Promote the
integration of Hudi and Flink</h4>
+
+<p>Push the integration of Flink and Hudi to the community as soon as
possible. In the initial stage, this feature may only support Kafka data
sources.</p>
+
+<h4 id="2-performance-optimization">2) Performance optimization</h4>
+
+<p>In order to ensure the stability and performance of the Hudi-Spark version,
the decoupling did not take too much into consideration the possible
performance problems of the Flink version.</p>
+
+<h4 id="3-flink-connector-hudi-like-third-party-package-development">3)
flink-connector-hudi like third-party package development</h4>
+
+<p>Make the binding of Hudi-Flink into a third-party package. Users can this
third-party package to read/write from/to Hudi with Flink.</p>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <a href="#masthead__inner-wrap" class="back-to-top">Back to top
↑</a>
+
+
+
+
+ </div>
+
+ </article>
+
+</div>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="page__footer">
+ <footer>
+
+<div class="row">
+ <div class="col-lg-12 footer">
+ <p>
+ <table class="table-apache-info">
+ <tr>
+ <td>
+ <a class="footer-link-img" href="https://apache.org">
+ <img width="250px" src="/assets/images/asf_logo.svg" alt="The
Apache Software Foundation">
+ </a>
+ </td>
+ <td>
+ <a style="float: right"
href="https://www.apache.org/events/current-event.html">
+ <img
src="https://www.apache.org/events/current-event-234x60.png" />
+ </a>
+ </td>
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+ <p>
+ <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/">License</a> | <a
href="https://www.apache.org/security/">Security</a> | <a
href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html">Thanks</a> | <a
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+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Copyright © <span id="copyright-year">2019</span> <a
href="https://apache.org">The Apache Software Foundation</a>, Licensed under
the <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0"> Apache License,
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+ Hudi, Apache and the Apache feather logo are trademarks of The Apache
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+ </p>
+ </div>
+</div>
+ </footer>
+ </div>
+
+
+ </body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/cn/activity.html b/content/cn/activity.html
index 21ea363..80134b2 100644
--- a/content/cn/activity.html
+++ b/content/cn/activity.html
@@ -191,6 +191,30 @@
<h2 class="archive__item-title" itemprop="headline">
+ <a href="/blog/apache-hudi-meets-apache-flink/" rel="permalink">Apache
Hudi meets Apache Flink
+</a>
+
+ </h2>
+ <!-- Look the author details up from the site config. -->
+
+ <!-- Output author details if some exist. -->
+ <div class="archive__item-meta"><a
href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/~mathieu">Xianghu Wang</a>
posted on <time datetime="2020-10-15">October 15, 2020</time></div>
+
+ <p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">The design and
latest progress of the integration of Apache Hudi and Apache Flink.
+</p>
+ </article>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="list__item">
+ <article class="archive__item" itemscope
itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
+
+ <h2 class="archive__item-title" itemprop="headline">
+
<a href="/blog/ingest-multiple-tables-using-hudi/"
rel="permalink">Ingest multiple tables using Hudi
</a>
diff --git a/content/sitemap.xml b/content/sitemap.xml
index 53b9400..5b1411f 100644
--- a/content/sitemap.xml
+++ b/content/sitemap.xml
@@ -953,6 +953,10 @@
<lastmod>2020-08-22T00:00:00-04:00</lastmod>
</url>
<url>
+<loc>https://hudi.apache.org/blog/apache-hudi-meets-apache-flink/</loc>
+<lastmod>2020-10-15T00:00:00-04:00</lastmod>
+</url>
+<url>
<loc>https://hudi.apache.org/cn/activity</loc>
<lastmod>2019-12-30T14:59:57-05:00</lastmod>
</url>