wombatu-kun commented on code in PR #18938:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/18938#discussion_r3436570281


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hudi-hadoop-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/io/storage/hadoop/HoodieVariantReconstruction.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hudi.io.storage.hadoop;
+
+import org.apache.hudi.avro.VariantSchemaUtils;
+import org.apache.hudi.avro.VariantShreddingProvider;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.config.HoodieStorageConfig;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.schema.HoodieSchema;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.schema.HoodieSchemaField;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.schema.HoodieSchemaType;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.util.Option;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.util.ReflectionUtils;
+import org.apache.hudi.exception.HoodieException;
+import org.apache.hudi.storage.HoodieStorage;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord;
+import org.apache.avro.generic.IndexedRecord;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Reconstructs unshredded variants when reading an already-shredded base file 
on the Avro
+ * ({@code HoodieRecordType.AVRO}) read path.
+ *
+ * <p>parquet-avro does not understand variant shredding, so a shredded 
variant column comes back as
+ * a raw {@code {metadata, value, typed_value}} record. This reads such 
columns at their shredded
+ * (typed_value-bearing) schema, then rebuilds the standard unshredded {@code 
{metadata, value}}
+ * variant via {@link VariantShreddingProvider#rebuildVariantRecord} before 
records reach the
+ * merger/writer. The Spark/InternalRow read path reconstructs natively and 
does not use this.
+ *
+ * <p>See https://github.com/apache/hudi/issues/18931.
+ */
+final class HoodieVariantReconstruction {
+
+  private final HoodieSchema intermediateSchema;
+  private final Schema outputAvroSchema;
+  private final VariantShreddingProvider provider;
+  // Indexed by field position in the (requested == output) record. For target 
fields, the file's
+  // shredded sub-schema and the unshredded target sub-schema for rebuild; 
null for non-targets.
+  private final boolean[] isTarget;
+  private final Schema[] shreddedSubSchemas;
+  private final Schema[] unshreddedSubSchemas;
+
+  private HoodieVariantReconstruction(HoodieSchema intermediateSchema, Schema 
outputAvroSchema,
+                                VariantShreddingProvider provider, boolean[] 
isTarget,
+                                Schema[] shreddedSubSchemas, Schema[] 
unshreddedSubSchemas) {
+    this.intermediateSchema = intermediateSchema;
+    this.outputAvroSchema = outputAvroSchema;
+    this.provider = provider;
+    this.isTarget = isTarget;
+    this.shreddedSubSchemas = shreddedSubSchemas;
+    this.unshreddedSubSchemas = unshreddedSubSchemas;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Schema to read the parquet file with: the requested schema, but with 
shredded variant columns
+   * swapped to their file (typed_value-bearing) form so parquet-avro 
materializes {@code typed_value}.
+   */
+  HoodieSchema intermediateSchema() {
+    return intermediateSchema;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Builds a reconstruction for the given file and requested schemas, or 
returns {@code null} when
+   * none is needed (no shredded variant columns in the file, or reading 
shredded variants disabled).
+   * Throws when the file has shredded variant columns to reconstruct but no 
provider is available,
+   * since proceeding would silently drop the typed_value payload.
+   */
+  static HoodieVariantReconstruction create(HoodieSchema fileSchema, 
HoodieSchema requestedSchema, HoodieStorage storage) {
+    if (requestedSchema.getType() != HoodieSchemaType.RECORD || 
fileSchema.getType() != HoodieSchemaType.RECORD) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    if 
(!storage.getConf().getBoolean(HoodieStorageConfig.PARQUET_VARIANT_ALLOW_READING_SHREDDED.key(),

Review Comment:
   `HoodieVariantReconstruction.create` returns null on 
`allow.reading.shredded=false` here, before it detects whether the file 
actually has shredded variant columns. A shredded base file is then read at the 
unshredded requested schema, dropping `typed_value`; rows whose payload lives 
in `typed_value` come back with a null `value` - the same silent corruption the 
no-provider branch below now fails fast on (line 119). With the 
read-then-reshred write guard removed, compaction/clustering would persist that 
loss.
   
   Consider moving this check below the target-detection loop: when no shredded 
variant column is present, return null regardless of the flag; when one is 
present but reading is disabled, throw - mirroring the no-provider branch and 
Spark's `allowReadingShredded=false`, which rejects rather than silently drops.



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