chrevanthreddy opened a new pull request, #19300:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/19300

   ### Describe the issue this Pull Request addresses
   
   Adds the Metadata Table (MDT) storage foundation for native vector search 
proposed in RFC-104 (umbrella #19094): the Avro record types, payload wiring, 
partition type, and posting-block codec that later PRs (encoder, bootstrap, 
read path) build on.
   
   Closes #19097
   
   ### Summary and Changelog
   
   Users gain no behavior change yet; this establishes the on-disk/serde 
contract for the vector index so subsequent PRs can encode, write, and read it.
   
   Changes (all in `hudi-common`, additive):
   - `HoodieMetadata.avsc`: seven vector index record types — centroids, 
quantizer, manifest, cluster stats, posting block, posting delta, tombstone.
   - `HoodieMetadataPayload`: new `VectorIndexMetadata` field, entry-type 
constants, and serde for the vector records (co-exists with existing 
record-index logic).
   - `MetadataPartitionType.VECTOR_INDEX`: new partition type plus record-type 
wiring.
   - `HoodieTableMetadataUtil`: posting-key → file-group mapping.
   - Posting block codec: `PostingBlockBuilder` / `PostingBlockView` 
(structure-of-arrays packing of ~1–4K vectors per record).
   - Vector index enums: `VectorIndexOptions`, `VectorIndexType`, 
`VectorDistanceMetric`.
   - MDT raw keys: `VectorIndexMetadataKey`, `VectorPostingPrefixRawKey`, 
`VectorClusterRawKey`, `VectorGenerationManifestRawKey`.
   - Tests: `TestVectorDistanceMetric`, `TestVectorIndexMetadataKey`, 
`TestVectorIndexMetadataPayload` (17 cases). Existing `HoodieMetadataRecord` 
all-args callers (`TestAvroRecordSizeEstimator`, 
`TestBufferedRecordSerializer`) updated for the appended field.
   
   ### Impact
   
   Adds one nullable field (`VectorIndexMetadata`) to the 
`HoodieMetadataRecord` Avro schema and a new `MetadataPartitionType`. The field 
is optional/defaulted, so existing MDT records and readers are unaffected; the 
new partition type is inert until a vector index is created (later PRs). No 
public API removed. No performance impact on existing partitions.
   
   ### Risk Level
   
   low
   
   Schema change is purely additive (new nullable field + new record types + 
new partition type), exercised by unit tests; existing metadata read/write 
paths are untouched apart from the appended constructor arg, which is covered 
by the updated tests. Full `hudi-common` compiles and tests pass on current 
master under JDK17.
   
   ### Documentation Update
   
   none (user-facing docs land with the feature-complete read/write PRs). The 
design is documented in RFC-104 (#19291).
   
   ### Contributor's checklist
   
   - [x] Read through [contributor's 
guide](https://hudi.apache.org/contribute/how-to-contribute)
   - [x] Enough context is provided in the sections above
   - [x] Adequate tests were added if applicable
   


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