nsivabalan commented on code in PR #19205:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/19205#discussion_r3707249076


##########
hudi-client/hudi-client-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/config/HoodieWriteConfig.java:
##########
@@ -3883,6 +3935,27 @@ private void validate() {
       checkArgument(ttlStatsMaxParallelism > 0,
           String.format("%s must be positive, but was %d",
               HoodieTTLConfig.STATS_MAX_PARALLELISM.key(), 
ttlStatsMaxParallelism));
+
+      // hoodie.meta.fields.mode is the source of truth for meta-column 
population; the deprecated
+      // populate.meta.fields boolean is consulted only when the mode is 
absent. There is therefore
+      // no ambiguous combination to reject here — MetaFieldsMode.resolve 
throws on unrecognized
+      // values.
+      MetaFieldsMode metaFieldsMode = writeConfig.getMetaFieldsMode();
+      // Selective meta-field modes are CoW-only in this release. MoR 
log-write path does not yet
+      // respect the mode, which would silently produce log records with null 
meta columns.
+      boolean isSelective = metaFieldsMode != MetaFieldsMode.ALL && 
metaFieldsMode != MetaFieldsMode.NONE;

Review Comment:
   Added in 
[`5f397915d1d8`](https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/19205/commits/5f397915d1d8).
   
   `MetaFieldsMode.isSelective()` now replaces the open-coded `!= ALL && != 
NONE` at both sites that had it — the MoR / engine-type guards in 
`HoodieWriteConfig.validate()` and the data-loss warning in 
`TenToNineDowngradeHandler`.
   
   I documented it as "the modes the deprecated boolean cannot express", since 
that is the property every caller is actually gating on: a code path that only 
understands all-or-nothing meta fields cannot speak for a five-state table.
   
   Also added `TestMetaFieldsMode` under `hudi-common/.../common/model/` 
covering it, including a round-trip check that a mode is non-selective exactly 
when `toLegacyPopulateMetaFields` is lossless.



##########
hudi-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/common/model/MetaFieldsMode.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hudi.common.model;
+
+import org.apache.hudi.common.config.HoodieConfig;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.table.HoodieTableConfig;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.util.StringUtils;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * Which of Hudi's meta columns are physically populated on disk.
+ *
+ * <p>Selective modes exist so that tables that opt out of the default {@code 
populate.meta.fields=true}
+ * can still keep the two columns that matter for downstream operations 
without paying for the other
+ * three:
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>{@code _hoodie_commit_time} — required for incremental queries.</li>
+ *   <li>{@code _hoodie_file_name} — useful for file-level pruning / 
investigation lookups.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>The remaining three meta columns ({@code _hoodie_commit_seqno}, {@code 
_hoodie_record_key},
+ * {@code _hoodie_partition_path}) are all-or-nothing — either populate every 
meta column ({@link #ALL})
+ * or none of them beyond the two selectable ones. If you need any of the 
remaining columns, set
+ * {@code hoodie.populate.meta.fields=true}.
+ *
+ * <p>This enum is the single source of truth for meta-column population. The 
legacy boolean
+ * {@code hoodie.populate.meta.fields} is deprecated and consulted only when
+ * {@code hoodie.meta.fields.mode} is absent, so that tables written before 
the mode property
+ * existed keep their behavior:
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>{@code populate.meta.fields=true} (or absent) → {@link #ALL} — 
today's default.</li>
+ *   <li>{@code populate.meta.fields=false} → {@link #NONE}.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>On-disk representation: the enum {@link #name()} is persisted in {@code 
hoodie.properties}
+ * under the property {@code hoodie.meta.fields.mode}.
+ */
+public enum MetaFieldsMode {
+  /**
+   * All five Hudi meta columns are populated — today's default.
+   */
+  ALL(true, true),
+
+  /**
+   * No Hudi meta columns are populated. Incremental queries are unsupported. 
File-level pruning
+   * that depends on {@code _hoodie_file_name} is unsupported.
+   */
+  NONE(false, false),
+
+  /**
+   * Only {@code _hoodie_commit_time} is populated. Incremental queries remain 
functional; other
+   * meta columns stay null on disk.
+   */
+  COMMIT_TIME_ONLY(true, false),
+
+  /**
+   * Only {@code _hoodie_file_name} is populated. Useful for file-level 
lookups and debugging;
+   * incremental queries are unsupported.
+   */
+  FILE_NAME_ONLY(false, true),
+
+  /**
+   * Both {@code _hoodie_commit_time} and {@code _hoodie_file_name} are 
populated.
+   */
+  COMMIT_TIME_AND_FILE_NAME(true, true);
+
+  private final boolean commitTimePopulated;
+  private final boolean fileNamePopulated;
+
+  MetaFieldsMode(boolean commitTimePopulated, boolean fileNamePopulated) {
+    this.commitTimePopulated = commitTimePopulated;
+    this.fileNamePopulated = fileNamePopulated;
+  }
+
+  public boolean isCommitTimePopulated() {
+    return commitTimePopulated;
+  }
+
+  public boolean isFileNamePopulated() {
+    return fileNamePopulated;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return true when all five meta columns are populated (i.e. this is 
{@link #ALL}). Selective
+   * modes never populate {@code _hoodie_record_key}, {@code 
_hoodie_partition_path}, or
+   * {@code _hoodie_commit_seqno}.
+   */
+  public boolean isRecordKeyPopulated() {
+    return this == ALL;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve the effective mode. {@code hoodie.meta.fields.mode} is the source 
of truth; the
+   * deprecated {@code hoodie.populate.meta.fields} boolean is a fallback for 
tables written before
+   * the mode property existed. Precedence:
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   *   <li>non-empty mode → the parsed enum value (the legacy boolean is not 
consulted).</li>
+   *   <li>null/empty mode + {@code populateMetaFields=false} → {@link 
#NONE}.</li>
+   *   <li>null/empty mode + {@code populateMetaFields=true} → {@link 
#ALL}.</li>
+   * </ul>
+   *
+   * @param rawMode             raw {@code hoodie.meta.fields.mode} value; may 
be null or empty.
+   * @param legacyPopulateMetaFields value of the deprecated {@code 
hoodie.populate.meta.fields}.
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException when the raw mode value does not match 
any enum value. This
+   *         includes the pre-enum comma-separated format — callers that 
upgrade an old table must
+   *         migrate the value through the hudi-cli.
+   */
+  /**

Review Comment:
   Fixed in 
[`5f397915d1d8`](https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/19205/commits/5f397915d1d8)
 — you read it exactly right, the block was left behind when `9495687a` 
inserted the `resolve(HoodieConfig)` overload above it.
   
   Moved the original block down onto `resolve(String, boolean)`, so the 
precedence rules and the `@throws` contract are attached to the overload they 
describe and the `HoodieConfig` overload keeps its own one-line javadoc.



##########
hudi-client/hudi-spark-client/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/io/storage/HoodieSparkFileWriterFactory.java:
##########
@@ -56,7 +56,9 @@ public HoodieSparkFileWriterFactory(HoodieStorage storage) {
   protected HoodieFileWriter newParquetFileWriter(
       String instantTime, StoragePath path, HoodieConfig config, HoodieSchema 
schema,
       TaskContextSupplier taskContextSupplier) throws IOException {
-    boolean populateMetaFields = 
config.getBooleanOrDefault(HoodieTableConfig.POPULATE_META_FIELDS);
+    org.apache.hudi.common.model.MetaFieldsMode metaFieldsMode =

Review Comment:
   Fixed in 
[`5f397915d1d8`](https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/19205/commits/5f397915d1d8)
 — imported in both `HoodieSparkFileWriterFactory` and 
`HoodieAvroFileWriterFactory`, and the two `resolve(config)` call sites now use 
the simple name.
   
   Note the stacked PR #19378 adds two more fully-qualified references in this 
same file (the Lance and Vortex paths). I will fold them into the simple name 
there so the file does not end up mixed.



##########
hudi-client/hudi-spark-client/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/io/storage/HoodieSparkFileWriterFactory.java:
##########
@@ -56,7 +56,9 @@ public HoodieSparkFileWriterFactory(HoodieStorage storage) {
   protected HoodieFileWriter newParquetFileWriter(
       String instantTime, StoragePath path, HoodieConfig config, HoodieSchema 
schema,
       TaskContextSupplier taskContextSupplier) throws IOException {
-    boolean populateMetaFields = 
config.getBooleanOrDefault(HoodieTableConfig.POPULATE_META_FIELDS);
+    org.apache.hudi.common.model.MetaFieldsMode metaFieldsMode =

Review Comment:
   Done in 
[`5f397915d1d8`](https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/19205/commits/5f397915d1d8)
 — same fix as #19205 (comment) on this file; `MetaFieldsMode` is now imported 
and used by simple name.



##########
hudi-hadoop-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/io/storage/hadoop/HoodieAvroFileWriterFactory.java:
##########
@@ -69,7 +69,9 @@ public HoodieAvroFileWriterFactory(HoodieStorage storage) {
   protected HoodieFileWriter newParquetFileWriter(
       String instantTime, StoragePath path, HoodieConfig config, HoodieSchema 
schema,
       TaskContextSupplier taskContextSupplier) throws IOException {
-    boolean populateMetaFields = 
config.getBooleanOrDefault(HoodieTableConfig.POPULATE_META_FIELDS);
+    org.apache.hudi.common.model.MetaFieldsMode metaFieldsMode =

Review Comment:
   Done in 
[`5f397915d1d8`](https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/19205/commits/5f397915d1d8)
 — import added here too.



##########
hudi-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/common/model/MetaFieldsMode.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hudi.common.model;
+
+import org.apache.hudi.common.config.HoodieConfig;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.table.HoodieTableConfig;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.util.StringUtils;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * Which of Hudi's meta columns are physically populated on disk.
+ *
+ * <p>Selective modes exist so that tables that opt out of the default {@code 
populate.meta.fields=true}
+ * can still keep the two columns that matter for downstream operations 
without paying for the other
+ * three:
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>{@code _hoodie_commit_time} — required for incremental queries.</li>
+ *   <li>{@code _hoodie_file_name} — useful for file-level pruning / 
investigation lookups.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>The remaining three meta columns ({@code _hoodie_commit_seqno}, {@code 
_hoodie_record_key},
+ * {@code _hoodie_partition_path}) are all-or-nothing — either populate every 
meta column ({@link #ALL})
+ * or none of them beyond the two selectable ones. If you need any of the 
remaining columns, set
+ * {@code hoodie.populate.meta.fields=true}.
+ *
+ * <p>This enum is the single source of truth for meta-column population. The 
legacy boolean
+ * {@code hoodie.populate.meta.fields} is deprecated and consulted only when
+ * {@code hoodie.meta.fields.mode} is absent, so that tables written before 
the mode property
+ * existed keep their behavior:
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>{@code populate.meta.fields=true} (or absent) → {@link #ALL} — 
today's default.</li>
+ *   <li>{@code populate.meta.fields=false} → {@link #NONE}.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>On-disk representation: the enum {@link #name()} is persisted in {@code 
hoodie.properties}
+ * under the property {@code hoodie.meta.fields.mode}.
+ */
+public enum MetaFieldsMode {
+  /**
+   * All five Hudi meta columns are populated — today's default.
+   */
+  ALL(true, true),
+
+  /**
+   * No Hudi meta columns are populated. Incremental queries are unsupported. 
File-level pruning
+   * that depends on {@code _hoodie_file_name} is unsupported.
+   */
+  NONE(false, false),
+
+  /**
+   * Only {@code _hoodie_commit_time} is populated. Incremental queries remain 
functional; other
+   * meta columns stay null on disk.
+   */
+  COMMIT_TIME_ONLY(true, false),
+
+  /**
+   * Only {@code _hoodie_file_name} is populated. Useful for file-level 
lookups and debugging;
+   * incremental queries are unsupported.
+   */
+  FILE_NAME_ONLY(false, true),
+
+  /**
+   * Both {@code _hoodie_commit_time} and {@code _hoodie_file_name} are 
populated.
+   */
+  COMMIT_TIME_AND_FILE_NAME(true, true);
+
+  private final boolean commitTimePopulated;
+  private final boolean fileNamePopulated;
+
+  MetaFieldsMode(boolean commitTimePopulated, boolean fileNamePopulated) {
+    this.commitTimePopulated = commitTimePopulated;
+    this.fileNamePopulated = fileNamePopulated;
+  }
+
+  public boolean isCommitTimePopulated() {
+    return commitTimePopulated;
+  }
+
+  public boolean isFileNamePopulated() {
+    return fileNamePopulated;
+  }
+
+  /**

Review Comment:
   Done in 
[`5f397915d1d8`](https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/19205/commits/5f397915d1d8)
 — the block now sits directly above `resolve(String, boolean)`.



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