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singhpk234 pushed a commit to branch feature/serialize-bound-expression
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/iceberg.git

commit 91a7baeb5216451e785df607b0bb3a6f82544c86
Author: Prashant Singh <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Thu Sep 25 18:20:49 2025 -0700

    POC: Try Resolved Reference
---
 .../apache/iceberg/expressions/Expressions.java    | 15 +++++
 .../iceberg/expressions/ResolvedReference.java     | 64 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 79 insertions(+)

diff --git a/api/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/expressions/Expressions.java 
b/api/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/expressions/Expressions.java
index 78012def5a..1e93d8e75e 100644
--- a/api/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/expressions/Expressions.java
+++ b/api/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/expressions/Expressions.java
@@ -305,6 +305,21 @@ public class Expressions {
     return new NamedReference<>(name);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Constructs a resolved reference for a given column.
+   *
+   * <p>The following are equivalent: equals("a", 5) and if a fieldId is 1 and 
equals(ref("a", 1),
+   * 5).
+   *
+   * @param name a column name
+   * @param fieldId the field ID of the column
+   * @param <T> the Java type of this reference
+   * @return a named reference
+   */
+  public static <T> ResolvedReference<T> ref(String name, int fieldId) {
+    return new ResolvedReference<>(name, fieldId);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Constructs a transform expression for a given column.
    *
diff --git 
a/api/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/expressions/ResolvedReference.java 
b/api/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/expressions/ResolvedReference.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b12bff5832
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/expressions/ResolvedReference.java
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.expressions;
+
+import org.apache.iceberg.Schema;
+import org.apache.iceberg.exceptions.ValidationException;
+import org.apache.iceberg.types.Types;
+
+public class ResolvedReference<T> implements UnboundTerm<T>, Reference<T> {
+  private final String name;
+  private final int fieldId;
+
+  public ResolvedReference(String name, int fieldId) {
+    this.name = name;
+    this.fieldId = fieldId;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String name() {
+    return name;
+  }
+
+  public int fieldId() {
+    return fieldId;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public BoundTerm<T> bind(Types.StructType struct, boolean caseSensitive) {
+    // assumption is that we always have the field id
+    Schema schema = struct.asSchema();
+    // we ignore case sensitivity here because field ids are unique
+    Types.NestedField field = schema.findField(fieldId);
+    ValidationException.check(
+        field != null, "Cannot find field '%s' in struct: %s", name, 
schema.asStruct());
+
+    return new BoundReference<>(field, 
schema.accessorForField(field.fieldId()), name);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public NamedReference<?> ref() {
+    return new NamedReference<>(name);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return String.format("ref(name=\"%s\", fieldId=\"%s\")", name, fieldId);
+  }
+}

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